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This study aims to analyze the effect of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) and the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) on bank financial performance, as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), with Net Interest Margin (NIM) as an intervening variable in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021-2023 period. The research method used is quantitative research with a causal-comparative approach. The data used in this study is secondary data sourced from the financial reports of banking companies accessible through the official IDX website. The population in this study is banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a sample of 35 companies selected using a purposive sampling method based on certain criteria. The independent variables in this study are Non-Performing Loans (X1) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (X2), while the dependent variable is Return on Assets (Y) and the intervening variable is Net Interest Margin (Z). Data analysis techniques in this study use panel data regression, classical assumption tests, t-tests, coefficients of determination, and Sobel tests. The results of this study indicate that NPL has no effect on NIM, while LDR has an effect on NIM, NPL has an effect on ROA, LDR has no effect on ROA, NIM has an effect on ROA, NIM does not mediate the relationship between NPL and ROA, and NIM mediates the relationship between LDR and ROA.

Banking stability plays a crucial role in maintaining financial system resilience and supporting national economic growth. Fluctuations in macroeconomic factors often impact banks' financial health, particularly their capital. This study aims to explore how macroeconomic factors such as inflation, central bank benchmark interest rates, and gross domestic product (GDP) impact capital adequacy ratio (CAR) in conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. This study employed a quantitative approach with an associative design, utilizing secondary data. The sample size for this study was 43 conventional banks. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression using SPSS. The findings indicate that inflation and benchmark interest rates do not significantly impact financial health, while GDP indicators show a modest positive trend. These findings confirm that macroeconomic conditions are not yet a dominant factor in determining bank capital adequacy. Therefore, it is suspected that internal factors such as risk management, profitability, and operational efficiency play a greater role in maintaining bank capital stability.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of interest rates and economic growth on stock returns in companies in the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019 to 2023. The method used is a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. The study population includes 90 company data from the sector. The sample was determined through a purposive sampling method, resulting in 46 companies that meet the established criteria. The results of the study indicate that interest rates have a significant effect on stock returns, while economic growth also shows a significant effect.

This study aims to determine the effect of sustainability performance on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research is a type of quantitative research. The data used are primary data obtained from 6 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2023 with a total of 24 observation data during 4 years of observation. The data collection technique used is documentation. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSSV.27 software. The results of the study show that economic performance (X1) has a positive and significant effect on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) This is evidenced by the t-calculated value of 4.055 > t table 1.725 and a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. Meanwhile, social performance (X2) has been proven to have a negative and significant effect on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This is evidenced by the t-calculated value of -4.495 > t table 1.725 and a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 and the environmental performance variable (X3) also has a positive and significant influence on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This is evidenced by the t-calculated value of 3.074 > t-table 1.725 and a significant value of 0.006 < 0.05. Partially, these three variables have a significant influence on profitability in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a value of (R2) of 0.682.

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital intensity, leverage, and company size on tax avoidance in property and real estate sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The research method used is an associative quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from corporate financial reports. The sample was selected using purposive sampling technique, resulting in 4 companies that met the criteria. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that partially, capital intensity and leverage have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, while company size has a significant negative effect. Simultaneously, the three variables have a significant influence on tax avoidance. This study implies that companies should consider fixed asset investment strategies, financing structure, and firm size in managing their tax obligations efficiently and legally.

This study examines the influence of financial factors on the capital structure of basic chemical manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. The sample selection method used is purposive sampling, with specific criteria resulting in a sample of 51 companies and a total of 255 data points. After data processing, 80 outliers were identified, reducing the final sample to 175 company data points. This research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS version 25. The findings reveal that profitability, asset structure, company size, and business risk have a significant impact on capital structure. In contrast, sales growth and dividend policy do not show a significant contribution to capital structure. Based on these findings, it is recommended that companies in the basic chemical manufacturing sector focus on improving profitability, optimizing asset structure, and managing business risks effectively to strengthen their capital structure. Additionally, company size should be considered when making financing decisions. Since sales growth and dividend policy were not significant factors, firms might prioritize internal financial management and risk control over aggressive sales expansion or dividend adjustments when aiming to optimize their capital structure. Future research could explore other potential factors or use alternative methodologies to deepen understanding in this area.

This study aims to examine the effect of liquidity, proxied by the Current Ratio, and firm size, proxied by Total Assets, on stock returns. The research period covers the years 2019–2023. The population of this study includes financial reports of 90 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. A purposive sampling technique was employed, resulting in 46 selected companies as the sample. The study uses secondary data derived from the annual financial reports of energy sector companies for the 2019–2023 period. The data analysis method used in this study is panel data regression analysis. In this research, liquidity is measured using the Current Ratio (CR), while firm size is measured by Total Assets. The results indicate that liquidity has a negative and significant effect on stock returns, whereas firm size has a negative but not significant effect on stock returns.

This study aims to analyze the Effect of Return on Equity (ROE), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Net Profit Margin (NPM) on Stock Prices in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2024 period. The approach in this study is to use a quantitative approach, and based on the objectives, this type of research is causal. The independent variables in this study include Return on Equity (ROE), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) and the dependent variable in this study is Stock Price. The population in this study is food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, totaling 27 companies for the 2020-2024 period. This study uses the Purposive Sampling method, selecting 18 companies multiplied by 5 periods, resulting in a sample size of 90 samples in this study. This study uses descriptive statistical analysis using secondary data with descriptive statistical tests. Continued with the classical assumption test using the multiple regression model hypothesis testing method. This study uses panel data regression tool analysis with the help of SPSS 26 application tools. The results of the study show that: (a) Return on equity (ROE) has a positive effect on share prices, (b) Total Asset Turnover (TATO) does not have an effect on share prices, (c) Net Profit Margin (NPM) has a positive effect on share prices.

This research aims to examine the influence of firm size, operating capacity, and sales growth on financial distress, with profitability serving as a moderating variable. The study employs a purposive sampling technique and selects 96 companies from the primary consumer sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. The data are analyzed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the assistance of SPSS version 22. The findings reveal that firm size does not have a significant impact on financial distress, indicating that larger firms do not necessarily experience lower financial risk. In contrast, operating capacity and sales growth have a significant and positive influence on financial distress, suggesting that higher capacity utilization and increased sales activities may heighten financial vulnerability. Furthermore, profitability effectively moderates the relationships between firm size, operating capacity, and sales growth with financial distress. This result highlights the vital role of profitability in strengthening a company’s financial stability and mitigating potential financial distress or bankruptcy.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability as proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), solvency as proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and liquidity as proxied by Current Ratio (CR) on firm value as proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV) in the Indonesian food and beverage sector. The study focuses on the 2019-2023 period, a timeframe uniquely defined by the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and its initial recovery phase. The research method employed is a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consists of 10 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), selected through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 50 firm-year observations. The results indicate that both partially and simultaneously, the variables of profitability, solvency, and liquidity have a significant positive influence on firm value. This finding suggests that during a period of systemic crisis, the capital market places a valuation premium on companies that can demonstrate holistic and comprehensive signals of financial health. The novelty of this research lies in its contextualization of the dynamic role of financial ratios as crucial signals amidst an unprecedented economic shock. This study provides an empirical explanation for why investors prioritized stability and resilience, thereby reconciling conflicting findings in prior literature regarding the impact of liquidity on firm value.

This study aims to analyze the effect of cum and ex-dividend dates and company size on stock prices using the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) as a moderating variable. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with moderating variables on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research is based on signaling theory, which states that dividend information can serve as a signal for investors in making investment decisions. The results of the study indicate that all independent and moderating variables in the model simultaneously have a significant influence on stock prices. This suggests that the regression model used in this study is valid and can comprehensively explain stock price variations. This study implies that companies need to develop a more structured financial communication strategy, particularly in the disclosure of dividend information. Not only should the timing of dividend distribution be communicated, but the number of dividends to be distributed should also be clearly communicated to strengthen investor response. The implementation of this strategy must be accompanied by compliance with OJK and IDX regulations to maintain market confidence and increase the value of company shares.

This study analyzes the effect of Total Asset Turnover, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return on Assets on earnings management in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2024. Using a quantitative and causal research design, the study examines 18 purposively selected companies over five years, resulting in 90 observations. Data were analyzed through panel data regression using SPSS 26. The results show that Total Asset Turnover does not significantly affect earnings management, while Debt to Equity Ratio and Return on Assets have a significant influence. These findings indicate that profitability and leverage play important roles in shaping earnings management practices in the mining sector

This study aims to analyze the effect of Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on stock prices at PT Baramulti Suksessarana Tbk during the 2014–2023 period. TATO is an activity ratio that measures how efficiently a company utilizes its total assets to generate sales. This research employs a quantitative associative approach using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression to determine the relationship between the independent variable (TATO) and the dependent variable (stock price). The results show that TATO has a positive and significant effect on stock prices, with a correlation coefficient of 0.859 and a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This indicates that the more efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales, the higher its stock price will be. The findings support the signaling theory and efficient market hypothesis, suggesting that asset efficiency serves as a positive signal for investors in evaluating firm performance.

Audit tenure, and financial distress in the audit report lag of companies in the property and real estate subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2022–2024 period. Operational efficiency is then measured using the BOPO ratio. Audit tenure is measured by assigning a score of 1 if the company’s auditor is consistent and adding +1 whenever each year continues and returning 0 if there is a replacement auditor. Financial distress is then calculated using the Grover model, and audit report lag is calculated based on the difference in days between the audit report date and the financial statements. Company size is measured by Ln (Total Assets). Furthermore, the method used in this study is quantitative with a purposive sampling technique analyzed using multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis. Operational efficiency hazards have a positive and significant effect on audit report lag, meaning that in this case the BOPO ratio has a high probability of being related to delays in longer audit reports. Audit tenure does not have an effect on audit report lag. Furthermore, financial distress has a negative and significant effect, indicating that companies experiencing lower financial difficulties tend to have a shorter audit report lag. Company size strengthens the influence of operational efficiency on audit report lag. Company size also does not moderate the relationship between audit tenure and report lag. Company size weakens the effect of financial distress on audit report delays. These findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining timely audit reporting for investors in decision-making. This study contributes to the literature on auditors and future research.

ROA in the company's financial performance generates profit from total assets owned can be seen from the current ratio and total asset turnover. This study aims to analyze the effect of Current Ratio and Total Asset Turnover on Return On Asset in Food and Beverage Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020- 2024. This research method is a quantitative statistical research of data types, secondary data. Purposive Sampling sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that Current Ratio (XI) has a significant effect on Return On Asset (Y) with a t-count value > 1-table, namely 4. 416-1.760, and a probability value of t-statistics of 0.000 < 0.05, Total Asset Turnover (X2) does not have a significant effect on Return on Assets (Y) with a t-table value of (0.892 < 1.760) and a probability value of 0.374 > 0.05., The results of the simultaneous Current Ratio and Total Asset Flow on Return On Assets have an effect on Return On Assets. This is indicated by the F-statistic F- table of (10.093 > 3.37) and the probability value of F-statistics of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (R²) is 63.3%" and the expectation is 36.7% influenced by other factors that were not examined in this study. The coefficient value of the multiple linear regression analysis Y = -129 + 0.21X1 + 1.464X2 + e

In the dynamic and competitive business environment, profitability has been recognized as a fundamental determinant of corporate sustainable growth. However, the complex relationship between profitability and sustainable growth, particularly through the mediating role of firm performance, remains understudied in emerging markets like Indonesia. This study examines the impact of profitability on corporate sustainable growth and investigates the mediating role of firm performance in this relationship among companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Using a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), this research analyses panel data from 112 companies listed on the IDX during 2018-2023, resulting in 672 observations. Profitability was measured using Return on Assets (ROA), sustainable growth using Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR), and firm performance using Tobin's Q. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM to test both direct and mediating relationships. The findings reveal that profitability has a strong positive and significant impact on sustainable growth (β = 0.417, t = 9.328, p < 0.001), representing the highest path coefficient among all financial determinants examined. Firm performance significantly mediates the relationship between profitability and sustainable growth (indirect effect = 0.096, p < 0.001), indicating partial mediation. The model explains 47.9% of the variance in sustainable growth (R² = 0.479). Profitability emerges as the most critical financial determinant of sustainable growth in Indonesian listed companies. The study confirms that profitability influences sustainable growth both directly and indirectly through enhanced firm performance, providing dual pathways for growth enhancement. These findings have significant implications for corporate financial management and investment decision-making.

Earnings quality refers to the accuracy of a company in presenting its earnings information. It reflects the quality of the company’s financial statements, indicating whether the reported earnings can be considered reliable or not. Earnings quality is influenced by several factors, one of which is the decision-making of the board of directors (CEO). The CEO is regarded as the most powerful individual within a company, exercising authority over corporate decisions, including the disclosure of financial information. In recent times, many women have taken on the role of CEO, and their presence is no longer underestimated. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the effect of female CEO presence and CEO education on earnings quality. The research was conducted on all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019–2022 period. The sample size was determined using a saturated sampling method, resulting in 2,792 observations. Data were collected using a non-participant observation method, and the analysis technique employed was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that female CEO presence and CEO education have no significant relationship with earnings quality.

This study aims to examine the effect of Return on Equity (ROE), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) on Price Book Value (PBV). The population of this research consists of food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 18 companies with a total of 90 data observations. This research employs a quantitative approach with secondary data. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that Return on Equity (ROE) has a significant effect on Price Book Value (PBV), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) also has a significant effect on Price Book Value (PBV), while Current Ratio (CR), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) have no significant effect on Price Book Value (PBV).

The industrial sector plays a crucial role in driving Indonesia’s economic growth, yet it also faces challenges in optimizing capital structure and shareholder value. One key financial policy that reflects managerial decisions and investor perceptions is the dividend payout ratio, which may influence a firm’s cost of equity. This study aims to examine the effect of the dividend payout ratio on the cost of equity among industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. The research problem arises from inconsistent empirical evidence regarding whether higher dividend payments reduce or increase the cost of equity. Using a quantitative approach, secondary data were collected from annual financial reports, and samples were selected through purposive sampling, yielding 162 valid observations. Linear regression analysis was performed using EViews 13 software. The findings reveal a negative and statistically significant relationship between the dividend payout ratio and the cost of equity. The study concludes that higher dividend payouts can lower firms’ cost of equity, supporting the signaling theory.

This study aims to determine the effect of interest rates and inflation on the profitability of property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2020-2024. Profitability is measured using the Return on Assets (ROA) ratio, while interest rates refer to the BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate and inflation is calculated based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data from Bank Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis methods and classical assumption tests supported by data processing using SPSS version 27 software. The sample was selected using purposive sampling techniques with criteria of companies that consistently submit annual financial reports, do not record losses during the research period, and use the Rupiah currency. The research results indicate that partially, interest rates have a positive and significant effect on profitability, while inflation does not have a significant effect on profitability. However, simultaneously, interest rates and inflation together have a significant effect on the company's profitability. These findings are expected to serve as a strategic reference for companies in formulating financial policies to maintain profitability stability amidst macroeconomic dynamics.