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Balance is a crucial component in maintaining independence in the elderly and preventing the risk of falls. Decreased balance function with aging can increase the incidence of falls, impacting the elderly's quality of life. This activity aims to screen balance in the elderly using the One Leg Standing Test (OLST) as a simple measurement tool to assess static balance. The activity was conducted in the elderly community in RT 05/RW 08, Karang Anyar Village, Central Jakarta. The test was conducted by asking participants to stand on one leg, and a time was determined until they lost their balance. The screening results showed variations in balance ability, with some elderly still in the good category, while others showed a decline in balance ability and were at risk of falls. These findings demonstrate the importance of balance training programs, muscle strengthening, and fall prevention education for the elderly. This screening activity is expected to form the basis for planning further health interventions to improve the safety and quality of life of the elderly in the community.

Benson Relaxation Technique on improving cognitive function in elderly with Hypertension. Using a Quasi-Experimental design with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design approach. The research sample of 10 elderly with Hypertension who showed indications of mild cognitive impairment, was taken through a Purposive Sampling technique. The Benson Relaxation Technique intervention was given 3 times a week for 2 consecutive weeks (a total of 6 sessions), with a duration of 15-20 minutes per session. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination instrument. Analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The Pretest results showed all respondents were in the Mild Cognitive Impairment category. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in cognitive function: 40% of respondents experienced an increase in status to the Normal category while the other 60% remained in the Mild Cognitive Impairment category. The bivariate test Mann-Whitney U test showed a significance value of p = 0.001 (<0.05). These results prove a significant difference between cognitive scores after the Benson Relaxation intervention. Research results show that the Benson Relaxation Technique effectively improves cognitive function. Benson Relaxation activates the parasympathetic nervous system, improving memory and attention in elderly people with hypertension.

Background: Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal problem in infants aged 6–12 months, causing discomfort, hard stools, and reduced quality of life. Non-pharmacologic interventions, such as abdominal massage, have shown promise in improving bowel function, but evidence regarding the effectiveness of the I Love You massage technique in community settings remains limited. Objective: This study aimed  examine the effectiveness of I Love You massage in reducing constipation among infants aged 6–12 months attending South Bulango Health Center. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed. Thirty infants with functional constipation were purposively selected and divided into an intervention group (n=15) receiving daily I Love You massage for 10 minutes over seven days, and control group (n=15) receiving standard care, including dietary guidance and hydration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with paired t-tests for within-group comparisons and independent t-tests for between-group differences. Results: The intervention group exhibited a significant increase in bowel movement frequency (2.1 ± 0.7 to 5.6 ± 0.9 per week) and improvement in stool consistency (1.2 ± 0.4 to 2.8 ± 0.5), along with a notable reduction in abdominal discomfort (6.5 ± 1.2 to 2.1 ± 0.8). In contrast, the control group showed minimal improvements. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: I Love You massage is an effective, safe, and low-cost intervention reduce constipation in infants aged 6–12 months. Its implementation in primary healthcare settings may enhance gastrointestinal function, relieve discomfort, and promote caregiver-infant interaction.

This  study explores the motivational factors that encourage students from Kudus who are studying at UIN Walisongo Semarang to join KMKS (Keluarga Mahasiswa Kudus Semarang), a regional student community that serves as a social and emotional support system for migrant students. Increased mobility in higher education often places migrant students in situations requiring significant academic, social, and cultural adjustment, making social support and a sense of belonging critical. Guided by McClelland’s theory of needs, this research aims to identify how the need for achievement, affiliation, and power is reflected in students’ experiences as members of KMKS. This study employs a qualitative phenomenological approach involving five participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that students primarily join KMKS to fulfill strong affiliative needs, such as seeking social connectedness, emotional comfort, familiarity, and a supportive environment among peers from the same region. Additionally, participation in KMKS contributes to personal development, including increased confidence, improved communication skills, and readiness to take organizational responsibilities. The needs for achievement and power appear indirectly through involvement in committees, leadership roles, and contributions to organizational development. KMKS also functions as a crucial coping resource, helping students reduce stress, loneliness, and adaptation difficulties. The implications of this study highlight the importance of regional student communities as a meaningful support system for migrant students, emphasizing their role in facilitating adaptation, strengthening social identity, and fostering personal growth.

Adolescent drug abuse remains a major public health concern with adverse consequences for health, social functioning, and educational attainment. Limited knowledge and poor refusal skills in the face of environmental pressure are key risk factors. This study assessed the outcomes of a school-based Participatory Action Research (PAR) intervention aimed at improving students’ knowledge and preventive attitudes toward drug abuse. The program was implemented at Madrasah Aliyah Manaratul Islam, Jakarta (August 2025), involving 57 students. The educational intervention combined interactive counseling, small-group discussions, and role-play simulations, followed by pre–post evaluation using the same questionnaire and quantitative analysis with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in post-test scores compared with pre-test scores (Z = −3.506; p < 0.001; r = 0.46), with a mean paired difference (pre–post) of −0.877 indicating a positive shift after the intervention. Descriptively, the proportion of students classified with high awareness increased to 87.7% after the program, while mean knowledge scores rose from 63.2% to 85.5%. Qualitative feedback further suggested better understanding of physical and psychological harms, increased confidence to refuse illicit substances, and more active communication with peers and teachers. Overall, the PAR-based school intervention effectively strengthened students’ drug-abuse prevention literacy and readiness and may be scalable to similar school settings.

Social media management has become a strategic necessity for social and community organizations to enhance the effectiveness of public relations activities in the digital era. This community service program aims to strengthen the digital communication capacity of members of the Indonesian Doctors’ Wives Association (IIDI), Surakarta Branch, particularly in managing social media as a public communication channel. The training was conducted offline and combined theoretical sessions, technical demonstrations, and hands-on practice covering content strategy, basic photography, Canva-based content creation, content calendar development, and management of Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok accounts. Evaluation was carried out using pre-test and post-test instruments to assess participants’ improvement. The results show a significant increase in all competency indicators, especially in content creation, content scheduling, and social media administration skills. Participants also produced their own digital content as part of the practical assessment. Post-training support was provided through a WhatsApp group to ensure continued knowledge sharing and skill development. Overall, the program demonstrates that practice-oriented training can effectively enhance the digital communication competencies of social organizations and strengthen their public relations functions. This initiative is expected to serve as a replicable model for similar organizations seeking to optimize their social media engagement.

Law Number 51 of 2009 represents a pivotal milestone in strengthening the authority of the Indonesian Administrative Court (PTUN), particularly regarding the executorial aspects of its decisions, which were previously considered weak and insufficient in providing adequate legal protection for the public. This study aims to examine and analyze the executorial power of PTUN decisions following the enactment of the regulation, with a focus on the effectiveness of decision enforcement, the obstacles encountered, and the implications for governance based on the principles of the rule of law. Employing a normative juridical approach supported by analyses of literature, legislation, and selected court decisions, this research demonstrates that Law 51/2009 has brought significant progress, especially through provisions requiring administrative officials to comply with court rulings, the introduction of administrative sanctions, and the application of dwangsom as a coercive measure. However, its effectiveness remains suboptimal due to several persistent challenges, including weak oversight of officials who fail to implement decisions, the limited application of sanctions in practice, and a bureaucratic culture that tends to be unresponsive to judicial authority. Additionally, disharmony among sectoral regulations and insufficient inter-agency coordination further hinder the executorial function of PTUN.

This study examines the role of the Pustaka Prima Community Reading Park (TBM) as an alternative learning space that provides non-formal educational experiences for children and adolescents, especially in communities with limited access to educational facilities. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the contribution of TBM in developing creativity, literacy skills, self-expression, and independent learning of participants. Data was collected through participant observations, semi-structured interviews with managers and participants, and documentation of program activities. The results of the study show that TBM Pustaka Prima plays a significant role in strengthening cognitive, social, and emotional development through various activities such as reading literacy, storytelling, basic entrepreneurship training, and other creative activities. These programs have been proven to increase reading motivation, the ability to understand texts, confidence in communication, technology awareness, and the ability to innovate. An inclusive and collaborative learning environment allows participants to explore knowledge, work together, and optimize their potential. These findings confirm that TBM not only functions as a provider of reading materials, but also as a community-based education center that provides meaningful learning experiences outside the formal education system. The implications of the research emphasize the importance of strengthening collaboration, developing sustainable programs, and improving resources and infrastructure to maximize the role of TBM in community empowerment.

This research intends to examine conflict resolution and collaboration between units in the Department of Education and Culture of Sidoarjo Regency while carrying out regional priority programs. The research background arises from the increasing intricacy of bureaucracy and the overlapping jurisdictions among divisions, which impact the efficiency of implementing educational programs. This research utilizes a qualitative case study method, gathering data through comprehensive interviews, participatory observation, and analysis of institutional documents. Informants consist of structural officials, operational staff, and external partners like school leaders and education inspectors. The results indicate that conflicts can be functional or dysfunctional; functional conflicts encourage creativity in problem-solving, whereas dysfunctional ones obstruct cross-sector collaboration. Collaboration between units is successful on a technical basis but still lacks strength in the stages of planning and policy assessment. The conversation emphasizes that transformational leadership, transparent communication, and teamwork are vital for minimizing conflicts and improving coordination. In summary, the success of implementing regional priority programs in the Sidoarjo Education and Culture Office significantly relies on flexible conflict resolution and inter-sector cooperation founded on teamwork and openness.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of agricultural extension policy in empowering shallot farmers in Rejoso Village, Nganjuk Regency. The background of this research is based on the importance of agricultural extension as a public policy instrument that functions to enhance farmers’ knowledge, skills, and independence. Although extension programs have been routinely implemented, their effectiveness needs to be evaluated to ensure that the policy truly addresses the needs and problems faced by farmers in the field.This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed thematically using data reduction, data presentation, and inductive conclusion-drawing techniques. Data validity was tested through source and method triangulation. The results show that the agricultural extension policy in Rejoso Village is considered effective based on the five indicators of public policy effectiveness proposed by Riant Nugroho, namely accurate policy, accurate implementers, accurate targets, supportive environment, and proper process. The extension materials are relevant to farmers’ needs, the implementers possess adequate technical competence, and the program successfully reaches active shallot farmers. A strong socio-institutional environment, supported by farmer associations, contributes to effective implementation, although ecological challenges such as extreme weather and pest attacks remain. The extension process is systematic and participatory, covering stages of planning, implementation, assistance, and evaluation. Overall, the agricultural extension policy in Rejoso Village has improved the capacity and independence of shallot farmers. However, strengthening the number of extension workers, digitalizing evaluation systems, and providing entrepreneurship training are necessary to ensure the sustainability of policy effectiveness.

This study aims to identify the representation and manifestation of social values contained in the novel “40 Hari Takdir Itu Bernama Hidup dan Mati” (40 Days of Destiny Called Life and Death) by Adeicama. The research method used is a literature study with note-taking techniques on primary data (novels) and secondary data (related literature). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods based on Wirawan's theory of social values, Mulyana's theory of religious values, and Nurgiyantoro's theory of literary analysis. The results show that this novel represents social values through solidarity, caring, responsibility, and criticism of technological dependence. Religious values are manifested through faith in destiny, sincerity in loss, self-control, and the role of prayer and hope. These two aspects of value are interrelated, enriching the meaning of the story and providing an understanding of how humans deal with the uncertainties of life through social norms and spiritual strength. This research contributes to the development of literary studies and literary sociology, and is relevant for increasing public appreciation and critical understanding of the function of literature as a reflection of ethical and social norms.

This article examines the evolution of the concept of femininity in East Asian makeup culture by tracing changes in style, function, and social meaning from traditional periods to the modern era. The study focuses on makeup practices in China, Japan, and Korea, which possess distinct cultural and historical backgrounds yet similarly demonstrate dynamic developments of femininity through visual expression. The research employs a literature review using a qualitative approach, complemented by an analysis of beauty trends emerging in each country. The findings indicate that facial makeup functions not merely as an aesthetic practice but also as a medium for representing personal identity, social status, gender roles, and prevailing cultural values within society. The transformation of makeup practices is influenced by various factors, including local traditional heritage, processes of modernization, changes in women’s roles, and globalization, which introduces new beauty standards. Nevertheless, traditional elements continue to be preserved and adapted, forming distinctive regional characteristics. Overall, this study emphasizes that the concept of femininity in East Asian makeup culture is dynamic and contextual, continually adapting to social change while remaining deeply rooted in longstanding cultural values.

First Language Acquisition is a crucial process influenced by various language learning theories. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the application of the main L1 theories, such as Behaviorism, Nativism, and Interactionism, and to thoroughly examine the concept, utility, and identification techniques of students’ prior knowledge within the context of child language acquisition. Employing a critical analytica l literature review method, the findings indicate that L1 Acquisition is not solely explained by one theory but results from the interaction between innate endowment (LAD) and environmental input. A key finding highlights that the identification of prior knowledge, encompassing cognitive, linguistic, and social aspects, is highly functional as a basis for determining appropriate scaffolding and providing comprehensible language input. The most relevant detection techniques involve direct observation and analysis of children’s spontaneous speech.It is concluded that a holistic understanding of L1 theories and the early identification of prior knowledge is essential for educators and parents. This finding has implications for formulating personalized language development strategies, thereby optimizing children’s language potential from an early age.

The integration of language and culture plays a crucial role in shaping the complexity of human cognitive processes. Language acts not only as a means of conveying messages but also as a conceptual system that influences how individuals construct mental representations, process information, and reason. Culture, on the other hand, provides a set of values, norms, and thought patterns that shape attention, interpretation of experiences, and strategies for understanding the social world. A review of literature from the fields of linguistic relativity, cultural psychology, neurolinguistics, and cross-cultural cognition found that differences in language structure, bilingual experience, and cultural value orientations result in variations in perception, memory, and executive function. Neurocognitive findings indicate that the influence of language and culture is evident down to the level of brain activation. Furthermore, the sociocultural approach emphasizes the role of language as a mediating tool in the process of internalizing values ​​and developing higher-order cognitive abilities. Thus, human cognition is the result of a dynamic interaction between language, culture, and social experience.

Instagram has become one of the most influential digital platforms for the construction and dissemination of lifestyle meanings, particularly through the presence of social media influencers. Among various lifestyle narratives, luxury is one of the most dominant and ideologically loaded representations circulated by influencers. This study examines how luxury is represented, constructed, and naturalized in the Instagram content of female Indonesian influencers using Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework. The object of this research consists of visual and textual Instagram posts that display luxury-related lifestyles, including fashion, travel, leisure, and consumption practices. The main problem addressed in this study concerns how signs of luxury operate at the levels of denotation, connotation, and myth to shape audience perceptions of success, femininity, and social status. The objective of this research is to reveal the ideological meanings embedded in influencer content and to explain how luxury is transformed into a normalized and desirable lifestyle. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with semiotic analysis. Data were collected through purposive sampling of Instagram posts from selected female Indonesian influencers with significant follower engagement. The findings show that luxury is represented not merely through high-priced commodities but through symbolic systems involving aesthetics, body presentation, spatial settings, and narrative captions. At the mythological level, luxury is naturalized as the result of personal effort, self-discipline, and modern femininity, thereby obscuring structural inequalities and reinforcing consumerist ideology. This study concludes that Instagram influencers function as cultural agents who reproduce dominant myths of success and luxury in digital culture.

Learning design is a fundamental component in the educational process, as it serves as a foundation for teachers in planning, implementing, and evaluating learning activities systematically and purposefully. In the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), learning design has a broader role, not only focusing on the delivery of religious knowledge, but also encompassing the formation of character, morals, and strengthening Islamic values ​​in students. This paper discusses the general concept and function of learning design in PAI through theoretical studies from various literature and expert views. The results of the discussion indicate that PAI learning design must be prepared comprehensively by considering the components of objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation that are aligned with Islamic values. In addition, learning design serves as a practical guideline for teachers to create effective, efficient, innovative learning that is able to respond to the challenges of modern developments. Good learning design also contributes to increased learning motivation, optimal achievement of competencies, and the formation of students who are faithful, pious, and have good morals. Thus, understanding the concept and function of learning design is crucial for educators in their efforts to improve the quality of PAI learning as a whole.

This research focuses on the strategic role of the people's market as a driver of the regional economy and a source of Regional Original Income (PAD), by taking a case study of the arrangement of the people's market by the Ciamis Regency MSME Office. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the Regional Government of Ciamis Regency implements five main strategies in structuring the people's market, including optimizing development and revitalization with ease of access, market development based on potential and local characteristics, cooperation with investors, facilitation and guaranteeing the ease of capital lending through banking, and market promotion using digital technology. This strategy has a significant impact on the achievement of PAD. The achievement of PAD from the people's market sector of Ciamis Regency was recorded to exceed the target in the period of 2015 to 2017, reaching 113.4%, 128.0%, and 121.9%, respectively, although it decreased in 2018 to 87.2%. To optimize regional levy revenue, these findings conclude the need to improve and improve the regional levy management system to support the performance of the apparatus, the implementation of routine activities such as coordination between agencies and socialization to business actors, as well as increasing the discipline, dedication, and honesty of fiscal officials in carrying out their main duties and functions proportionately.

This study aims to explore the potential of Ajung Village, Kalisat District, Jember Regency, through an analysis of the management planning of a Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) as an instrument of development and community empowerment. Although Ajung Village has significant economic potential, particularly in the agricultural sector, micro-enterprises, and other local economic activities, BUMDes management is still not optimal. This is evident in the lack of a directed business plan, weak coordination between administrators, and minimal evaluation of the business units being run. This study also assesses the role of the village government in supporting BUMDes development and the extent to which community participation can drive the effectiveness of existing programs. Using qualitative descriptive methods through interviews with the village government, BUMDes administrators, and the community, the results show that although community participation is relatively high, the managerial capacity of the administrators remains a major challenge. Lack of training, understanding of financial governance, and the lack of potential mapping have prevented the village BUMDes from functioning optimally as a driver of the village economy. Therefore, this study designs strategies to increase the effectiveness of BUMDes by strengthening the capacity of administrators, optimizing local potential, and synergizing the village government with the community.

Digitalization has become a key factor driving global economic transformation, including the development of the Islamic economy in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the opportunities, challenges, and strategies for advancing the Islamic economy in the digital era through a literature-based research method. Information was gathered by reviewing documents, articles, and relevant literature related to the digitalization of the Islamic economy, including analyses of Sharia-compliant fintech, halal e-commerce, and digital Islamic banking.The findings indicate that digitalization offers numerous opportunities to enhance service efficiency, expand access to Islamic financial services, strengthen the capacity of MSMEs, and accelerate the growth of the halal industry. However, the digital transformation process also presents several challenges, such as low levels of digital and Islamic financial literacy, potential data breaches, the spread of misinformation, regulatory inefficiencies, and legal uncertainties associated with emerging technologies such as Sharia-compliant blockchain. In addition, digital inequality and ethical issues must be addressed to ensure alignment with the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.This study highlights the importance of implementing a comprehensive Sharia-based development strategy through regulatory strengthening, education on digital ethics, enhanced supervisory functions, and collaboration between the government, academia, industry players, and society. With the right approach, digitalization can become a significant tool in building an Islamic economic ecosystem that is just, inclusive, and sustainable.

This study investigates the implementation of the food security program and the establishment of independent economic pillars in Patempuran Village, Kalisat, Jember, by focusing on the central role of the Patempuran Sejahtera Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes). Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, this study explores the strategies, achievements, and challenges of program implementation in integrating two of the village's main agricultural potentials: soybean cultivation and livestock. The core finding is the formation of an Integrative Management Model in which the BUMDes acts as the primary institutional driver, synergizing the soybean and livestock sectors. The BUMDes successfully fulfills its dual function: as an economic institution (generating a net profit of approximately IDR 9 million from 1.8 hectares of soybean cultivation) and as a social institution empowering the community through job creation and additional income. This success is closely linked to the high level of active community participation, in line with Stakeholder Theory in strengthening legitimacy and a sense of shared ownership. However, implementation faces significant challenges, including irrigation constraints in hilly areas, livestock health risks, and a manual financial recording system (based on a simple Excel spreadsheet), which limits managerial capacity and full accountability. This study recommends immediate modernization of the accounting system, strategic investment in irrigation infrastructure, and strengthening intensive technical assistance to ensure long-term sustainability and equitable partner productivity.