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Childhood obesity has become an increasingly significant health and education problem in various countries, including Indonesia, influenced by unhealthy eating patterns, lifestyle changes, and low nutritional literacy within families. This article aims to examine the lack of balanced nutrition in obese early childhood from the perspective of family education as part of non-formal education. The research method used is a literature review by reviewing national and international literature related to nutrition, child growth and development, and the increasing trend of obesity. The results show that obesity has physical, cognitive, psychological, and social impacts that can hinder a child's holistic development. Parents play a crucial role in establishing healthy eating habits, monitoring food consumption, and fostering an active lifestyle. Improving nutritional literacy within families, synergizing with early childhood education institutions, and supporting public health policies are considered crucial to preventing the long-term risk of obesity. Therefore, family education about balanced nutrition is a crucial strategy in supporting optimal growth and development and creating a healthy and competitive generation of early childhood children.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parental communication skills on the self-confidence of kindergarten children using a quantitative approach. The background of this research is rooted in the essential role of effective parental communication in shaping the psychosocial development of children, particularly in fostering self-confidence, which is crucial for children's social and academic success. The research sample consisted of parents and kindergarten children selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires designed to measure parental communication patterns and children's levels of self-confidence. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, including simple linear regression to examine the relationship and effect of parental communication skills on children's self-confidence. The results reveal that positive, supportive communication skills characterized by democratic communication patterns have a significant positive effect on increasing children's self-confidence. Effective and empathetic communication creates a conducive environment for children to express themselves, boosting their self-esteem and social-emotional potential. The study concludes that enhancing parental communication skills is a vital strategy for family guidance and early childhood education to optimally support the development of children's self-confidence.

This article examines the implications of parental verbal violence on the socio-emotional development of early childhood aged 3–6 years. The study was conducted through an extensive literature review supported by general field observations in community settings. The purpose of this research is to describe the phenomenon of verbal violence experienced by young children, analyze its effects on their emotional security, self-confidence, and social adaptation, and identify contributing factors from both the family environment and parental characteristics. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, relevant books, journal articles, and institutional reports were synthesized to construct a comprehensive understanding of how negative communication patterns shape children’s socio-emotional development. The findings indicate that verbal violence such as yelling, scolding, insulting, labeling, and threatening can disrupt children’s emotional regulation, lower their self-esteem, and hinder their ability to interact positively with peers. Repeated exposure to harsh language also increases the risk of anxiety, aggression, and social withdrawal. Conversely, positive, supportive, and empathetic parental communication fosters emotional resilience, empathy, and healthy social behavior. This article highlights the urgent need for parents, educators, and communities to strengthen awareness regarding the harmful impact of verbal violence and to promote nurturing communication practices that support the holistic development of young children.

This study examines the increasing prevalence of premarital sexual behavior among Indonesian adolescents, including Catholic youths, which poses a significant challenge to the moral formation and faith development promoted by the Catholic Church. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research analyzes the phenomenon of adolescent free sex from the perspective of Catholic moral theology and family pastoral care. The findings reveal that the rise of free sexual behavior among adolescents is strongly influenced by curiosity, fragmented family structures, weak value-based sexual education, and the unregulated use of digital media. Moral theology views sexuality as a divine gift whose authentic meaning is realized only within the sacramental bond of marriage; therefore, premarital sex is considered a deviation from human dignity and the true nature of love. The study also highlights the essential role of the family as the Domestic Church in shaping conscience, character, and responsible sexual attitudes among youths. Pastoral strategies proposed include integral sexual education, strengthening parent–child communication in the digital age, and contextual pastoral accompaniment rooted in compassion, as emphasized in Amoris Laetitia. This research underscores the need for collaborative efforts between families, the Church, and educational institutions to guide young people toward a holistic understanding of sexuality, authentic love, and their Christian vocation in contemporary society.  

Digital transformation has reshaped community life by increasing internet dependency in daily communication, financial transactions, and public services. However, this rapid development has also intensified cybersecurity risks, particularly link-based scams and the misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Limited digital literacy at the family level makes communities vulnerable to phishing attacks, personal data breaches, and AI-generated fraud. This community service program aimed to strengthen digital literacy among residents of RW 03 Kalipancur, Semarang, through participatory education focusing on link scam detection and responsible AI usage. The program involved interactive lectures, case discussions, simulations, and pre-test and post-test evaluations with 18 participants from family groups, PKK cadres, and elderly residents. The results showed a significant increase in understanding, from an average pre-test score of 43% to a post-test score of 84%. Beyond knowledge improvement, participants demonstrated increased awareness and behavioral change toward safer digital practices. The findings suggest that community-based participatory approaches effectively enhance family-level digital resilience and can serve as a replicable empowerment model in other communities facing similar digital threats.

Balinese langauge as a core element of Balinese culture, faces challenges amidst urbanization and globalization, particularly in Denpasar City. This study analyzes the implementation of Balinese language development policies based on regulations such as Bali Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2018 and Bali Governor Regulation No. 80 of 2018. A descriptive qualitative approach is used through document analysis and literature review. The results demonstrate the success of programs such as Balinese Language Month in increasing community participation, although challenges such as declining language use among young people remain. The discussion emphasizes the need for digital and family integration for revitalization, with a focus on language maintenance aspects using Fishman's sociolinguistic theory that highlights intergenerational transmission and strengthening the domain of language use. The conclusion recommends strengthening policies for the sustainability of Balinese language, including a synergistic approach between the government, communities, and educational institutions. This study contributes to the understanding of regional language maintenance in urban contexts, with implications for national policy in Indonesia.

The development of traditional markets is increasingly threatened by market transformation, both physically and through online sales systems (e-commerce). This study aims to analyze the forms of resilience implemented by clothing vendors at Wage Market, Tulungagung, in maintaining their business continuity amidst declining market conditions. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study research design. This research utilizes James S. Coleman's Rational Choice Theory. The methods used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects in this study were six people consisting of four clothing vendors, the Head Coordinator of Wage Market, and the Heads of Market Technical Implementation Units throughout Tulungagung Regency. Subject selection was based on a purposive sampling technique. The results show that the forms of trader resilience consist of economic, innovation, social networks, and psychological aspects. Economically, traders maintain their businesses through managing capital owned by personal savings and cooperative loans. In terms of innovation, traders utilize simple technology and a variety of merchandise patterns. In terms of social networks, family support and solidarity among traders are the main strengths, while psychologically, optimism and religious beliefs help them survive. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of strengthening vendor strategies through digital marketing training and support for market revitalization policies from local governments to maintain the economic sustainability of vendors during times of market transformation.

Mental disorders constitute a significant public health issue that necessitates family support in daily caregiving processes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between family knowledge levels and their ability to care for family members with mental disorders at the Neglasari Community Health Center (Puskesmas) in Tangerang City. This quantitative research employed a cross-sectional design and involved 45 respondents selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on knowledge (Guttman scale) and caregiving ability (Likert scale), and were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods through the chi-square test. The findings revealed that 51.1% of families had low levels of knowledge, while 40% were assessed as unable to provide adequate care. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between family knowledge and caregiving ability (p = 0.009). These findings suggest that family health literacy plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of care for individuals with mental disorders. The implementation of family psychoeducation programs in primary healthcare settings is therefore essential to improve both knowledge and caregiving skills within home-based care. This study contributes to the development of community-based mental health services and provides a foundation for further research on educational interventions and family support systems.

The employee leave application information system is a digital solution designed to simplify the process of submitting, approving, and managing leave within an institution. This internship project resulted in the development of a system called SiCuti, which was built using the Laravel framework with a MySQL database. The system provides two main roles: employees and administrators/supervisors. Employees can apply for leave according to their entitlements, such as annual leave with a maximum of 12 working days, maternity leave for 3 months, pilgrimage leave (Hajj) which can be taken once during their service period, as well as special leave for important reasons such as marriage or the death of an immediate family member, typically lasting 1–3 days. When applying, employees may also upload supporting documents and monitor the status of their applications through the leave status menu.Administrators or supervisors have broader authority, including reviewing the list of leave requests, approving or rejecting applications, and managing employee leave quotas to ensure compliance with regulations. In addition, administrators can track the complete leave history of employees through an integrated dashboard. This feature supports faster, more transparent, and accountable decision-making processes.The results of local testing indicate that SiCuti has the potential to increase efficiency in administrative leave processes that were previously carried out manually, making them faster, more transparent, and more structured. The interactive dashboard design also facilitates monitoring from both employees and administrators. With the implementation of SiCuti, it is expected that the leave management process can reduce the risk of human error, ensure data accuracy, and support transparency and accountability in human resource management once the system is fully deployed within the institution.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of library management and development in increasing reading interest in SMAN 3 Medan and identify factors that influence students' reading interest. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that library management and development at SMA N 3 Medan play a crucial role in increasing students' reading interest. The strategies implemented include the procurement of a varied book collection that is relevant to students' needs, improving the quality of library services, and creating a comfortable and conducive environment for reading. In addition, the library also acts as a center for literacy activities by holding various programs such as book discussions, interactive reading corners, and digital literacy training. This study also found that students' reading interest at SMA N 3 Medan was influenced by various factors, including the school environment, availability of library facilities, students' intrinsic motivation, family support, and social and cultural influences. Supportive school environmental factors, such as proactive school policies in improving literacy and the role of teachers in encouraging students to read, also contributed to increasing reading interest.

The Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) is a vital community organization with a significant role in addressing social issues. One such issue is the increasing number of juvenile delinquency cases in schools, which has become a major concern for both educational institutions and parents. Schools must be proactive in monitoring their students to address this problem effectively. However, traditional manual monitoring processes are inefficient and time-consuming. To overcome this, there is a need for an efficient, user-friendly, and multi-user monitoring system that enables both schools and parents to access information about their children's behavioral violations. This student violation monitoring system is designed to be web-based, utilizing UML (Unified Modeling Language) for system design and employing the Waterfall development method. The goal of this system is to provide an effective solution for managing and tracking student violations, allowing for better control and prevention of delinquent behavior within the school environment. By implementing this system, both school authorities and parents will be able to collaborate more effectively in monitoring and addressing student behavior.

The limited urban land in Greater Jakarta demands the emergence of a residential approach that is more adaptive to the growing needs of space. This study examines the application of the concept of a growing house in the residence of Rumah Swatantra by Studio Dasar. The research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature studies and direct interviews with the designer architects. The results of the study show that the application of modular patterns and concrete hollow infill structure systems provides the flexibility of space growth without the need to dismantle the basic structure. The process of space growth occurred gradually following the development of the family from 2017 to 2024, and showed that the quality of space can still be maintained even though the building is built in stages. These findings confirm that the concept of growing houses can be an alternative strategy for sustainable housing in urban areas that experience limited land. In addition, this study highlights the importance of careful spatial planning from the early stages of development so that spatial expansion can be carried out efficiently, measurably, and in harmony with the needs of residents. This approach not only improves the comfort and functionality of the space, but also minimizes construction waste and future renovation costs.

This research is motivated by the increasing number of cases of child sexual abuse that cause serious psychological impacts in the form of trauma and emotional development disorders. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the process of religious guidance through Islamic religious education counseling for child victims of sexual abuse, which includes four main aspects, namely: (1) planning religious guidance, (2) implementing religious guidance activities, (3) strengthening religious guidance, and (4) supervision in the guidance process. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The validity of the data is tested using triangulation and member check techniques. The results of the study indicate that religious guidance planning is carried out by compiling programs, scheduling activities, and evaluating the results of guidance. The implementation of activities is carried out through religious counseling, psychological approaches, and integration of spiritual values to help children understand and internalize religious teachings independently. Strengthening guidance is carried out through spiritual counseling services, psychological assistance, and legal assistance for victims. Meanwhile, supervision of guidance is carried out through optimizing the role of the community in community-based child protection groups as an integrated system to create a safe and child-friendly environment.

Nutrition is crucial for children's growth and development. A mother's ability to serve food dishes can affect nutrition knowledge, economic status, and family income. This study aims to determine if there is a correlation between maternal knowledge and the nutritional needs of children aged 1-4 years in Indrapuri Public Health Center. The study used a correlational analytical design with a cross- sectional approach. The sample consisted of 60 respondents, chosen using the total sampling technique. The research was conducted from April 30 to May 26, 2025. Data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test. The results showed that out of 60 respondents, most of the respondents were in the lower category of maternal knowledge level, with 57 respondents (95.0%), and 3 respondents (5.0%) were in the acceptable category. Fisher's Exact Test gave a p- value = 0.558 >0.005. These findings indicated no correlation between maternal knowledge levels and the nutritional needs of children. It is expected that the Public Health Center and health officials provide counseling to mothers on the importance of healthy food and nutritional knowledge from the Integrated Health Service Center (Posyandu).

The family is the primary and primary environment that plays a crucial role in shaping a child's personality, emotional development, and psychological stability. Through the family, children receive love, a sense of security, and values ​​that form the basis for developing their identity. However, broken homes can disrupt a child's emotional balance and lead to childhood trauma that impacts them into adolescence. This study aims to understand the experiences of adolescents from broken homes in coping with childhood trauma and the process of building resilience. The method used was a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The study subjects consisted of three adolescents aged 20–23 who experienced broken families since childhood. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that childhood trauma emerged in the form of emotional, relational, physical, and existential trauma due to the loss of parental figures, conflict, emotional neglect, and verbal abuse. The impacts felt include low self-confidence, anxiety, mild depression, and difficulty relating to social relationships. Social support from extended family, friends, and the community has been shown to aid the recovery process and increase resilience. This study emphasizes the important role of parents, educators, and counselors in providing emotional support and a safe environment for adolescents from broken homes.

This study aims to examine the relationship between family support and quality of life of patients with diabetes mellitus at the Srandakan Health Center, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that has a significant impact on the physical, psychological, social, and environmental aspects of the patient. The increasing prevalence of DM, especially in the elderly population in Indonesia, demands a more effective and holistic management strategy. Family support has an important role in improving self-care behaviors and adherence to treatment, which has a direct impact on patients' quality of life. This study uses a quantitative correlational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. An independent variable is family support measured through informational, emotional, instrumental, and appreciative dimensions. Dependent variables are quality of life that include physical, psychological, social, and environmental aspects. The study population consisted of DM patients who visited the Srandakan Health Center. The results of the study are expected to show that supportive family involvement contributes positively to improving the quality of life of patients. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for the development of nursing care and public health programs, particularly in the context of chronic diseases. This research also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive education and community participation in strengthening the role of the family as the main support system in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Self-care independence is an essential aspect that must be developed so that children can live more independently and achieve a better quality of life. This is based on the vital role of the family in facilitating growth, development, and the formation of independence, especially for children with special needs such as those with intellectual disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities often experience limitations in adaptive and intellectual abilities, making family support a key factor that helps them learn to perform daily activities independently. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-care independence among children with intellectual disabilities at SLB Bukesra Banda Aceh. The research used a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytic design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 40 children with intellectual disabilities selected through purposive sampling from a total of 69 registered students. The research instruments were family support and self-care independence questionnaires using the Guttman scale. The study was conducted from June 1 to June 7, 2025. The results showed that most children received good family support (82.5%) and demonstrated good self-care independence (60%). The bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between family support and self-care independence (p-value = 0.001, p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that family support plays a crucial role in improving the self-care independence of children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, parents are encouraged to provide consistent emotional, appreciation, instrumental, and informational support to help their children learn to care for themselves independently. Self-care independence is an essential aspect that must be developed so that children can live more independently and achieve a better quality of life. This is based on the vital role of the family in facilitating growth, development, and the formation of independence, especially for children with special needs such as those with intellectual disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities often experience limitations in adaptive and intellectual abilities, making family support a key factor that helps them learn to perform daily activities independently. This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and self-care independence among children with intellectual disabilities at SLB Bukesra Banda Aceh. The research used a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytic design and a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 40 children with intellectual disabilities selected through purposive sampling from a total of 69 registered students. The research instruments were family support and self-care independence questionnaires using the Guttman scale. The study was conducted from June 1 to June 7, 2025. The results showed that most children received good family support (82.5%) and demonstrated good self-care independence (60%). The bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between family support and self-care independence (p-value = 0.001, p < 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that family support plays a crucial role in improving the self-care independence of children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, parents are encouraged to provide consistent emotional, appreciation, instrumental, and informational support to help their children learn to care for themselves independently.

Particularly in the context of Christian Religious Education, the question of children's spiritual growth and development is a critical component in the process of character formation, resulting in a holistic personality. Children benefit greatly from the use of Christian Religious Education psychology since it helps them comprehend the importance of faith, morality, and spirituality in a way that is suitable for their stage of psychological development. Data for this study were gathered by analyzing a variety of pertinent literature sources that were linked to the research issue. The author used a qualitative method in conjunction with a library research methodology. The purpose of this study is to examine how Christian Religious Education psychology concepts might be applied to improve children's spiritual development in the smallest social settings the family, school, and church.The study's end findings show that using Christian Religious Education psychology helps kids become more aware of the principles of their faith, behave in ways that emphasize love, behave responsibly, and have a positive relationship with God. It is anticipated that this study will improve the analytical abilities of church ministers, particularly those who specialize in children's ministry, parents of children, and educators who use it as a teaching tool. It is acceptable and effective for the demands of children's spiritual growth and development when a mature and proper technique is used.

In today's world, the crisis of moral integrity and low quality of leadership have become one of the most serious challenges in education and social life. This study aims to examine how Christian Religious Education and family interactions contribute to the formation of a culture of quality that supports the growth of leadership character based on faith, responsibility, and a spirit of service. The approach used is a reflective literature study with a review of eleven journals, sixteen books or other sources from theological and educational philosophy perspectives, and leadership studies. The results of the study show that Christian Religious Education not only fosters spiritual awareness and ethical thinking skills, but also strengthens students' commitment to excellence as a manifestation of living faith, hence the emphasis is on the active role of parents. The integration of faith education and family interaction creates a culture of quality that encourages continuous growth, self-reflection, and integrity in leadership. The novelty in this study is the formation of an integrated culture of quality.

This study aims to develop an interactive learning media based on Genially Hybrid for the topic of the Human Reproductive System in senior high schools, aligned with the 2024 National Curriculum. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, focusing on the development stage. The final product consists of three main media: (1) interactive presentation, (2) digital board game, and (3) “Family 100” game show. Each medium was designed according to Mayer’s Multimedia Principles and Cognitive Learning Theory to enhance students’ engagement and conceptual understanding. The results show that Genially Hybrid media successfully integrates visual, verbal, and interactive components that support both face-to-face and online learning flexibly. These media not only enrich learning experiences but also improve students’ motivation and collaboration in mastering abstract biological concepts. This innovation is expected to serve as an initial model for developing effective and adaptive digital learning media that meet the demands of the Society 5.0 era and the 2024 National Curriculum.