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This research aims to, (1) describe the process of developing procedural text teaching materials containing local wisdom using the Google Sites website, (2) describe the form of developing procedural text teaching materials containing local wisdom in Simalungun using the Google Sites website, and (3) describe the feasibility of teaching materials procedure text containing local Simalungun wisdom with the help of the Google Sites website. The development of procedural text teaching materials containing Simalungun local wisdom with the help of the Google Sites website uses the ADDIE model which is limited to only going through the analysis, design and development stages. The validation stage involved material expert lecturers, media expert lecturers and two Indonesian language teachers. The sample for this research was 31 class VII students at SMP Negeri 2 Siantar using the Purposive Sample technique. Data collection techniques were interviews and questionnaires. The research instrument was a validation questionnaire sheet for material experts and media experts using Likert scale calculations. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that the product of procedural text teaching materials containing Simalungun local wisdom with the help of the Google Sites website received the "Very Good" criteria with an average of 88.85%, with results from material experts of 83.41% with the "Very Good" criteria. The results from media experts were 88% with the criteria "Very Good" and Indonesian language teachers 92% and 90%, so that the teaching materials were suitable for use as supporting teaching materials in the learning process.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the "English for Specific Purposes for Meetings" textbook authored by Kenneth Thompson, published by OXFORD University Press, through a descriptive analysis method. Drawing on Tomlinson's theoretical criteria, the evaluation highlights the textbook's alignment with learner needs and its efficacy in fostering engagement and confidence in professional communication settings. Findings indicate that the textbook effectively integrates contemporary topics and diverse learning activities to support authentic language use and active learning. However, a notable area for improvement is the need for outcome feedback opportunities. Overall, while the "English for Meetings" textbook demonstrates substantial effectiveness in addressing learner needs within professional contexts, areas for enhancement exist, suggesting avenues for future research to inform improved language teaching practices for ESP learners.  

This research aimed to analyze the content of the English textbook "English for International Tourism" by Peter Strutt using the approach proposed by Brian Tomlinson. The research utilized a qualitative descriptive technique through checklist observations of several indicators of book content criteria. The analysis focused on the relevance, coherence, learner engagement, suitability, readability, and creativity of the materials presented in both textbooks. The findings revealed that "English for International Tourism" successfully presented updated, varied, engaging, and challenging content that not only fostered learner engagement in the tourism industry but also aided in developing learners' confidence and relevant language skills. Moreover, this book met various criteria for effective language learning materials, including facilitating learner comfort, building confidence, providing relevant and useful content, and offering opportunities for communicative language use. The book also considered various learning styles, affective attitudes, and provided feedback for delayed positive instructional effects.

Food management at the Melati Perbaungan hospital's nutritional installation has not gone well, menu planning has not run optimally. The vendor's delivery of food ingredients is not on time. The taste and texture of the food is still lacking. The material received is not suitable. Food storage areas do not meet standards. The aim of this research is to determine menu planning, procurement of food ingredients, receipt of food ingredients, storage of food ingredients and processing of food ingredients in the Nutrition Installation of Melati Perbaungan Hospital. This research was conducted using a descriptive research design with a qualitative approach. There were 5 research informants, namely the Main Informant consisting of the Head of the Nutrition Installation and the Person in Charge of the Cook, and the Supporting Informant consisting of the Waiter. The conclusion of the research is that the administration of food in the Nutrition Installation is still not in accordance with the steps or guidelines issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Health, there are still obstacles in the administration of patient food, for this reason it is recommended that the Nutrition Installation pay more attention and be more careful in paying attention to the food administration process in order to obtain good results and more guaranteed quality of patient food.

Fish that have died rot very quickly compared to beef, fruit, or vegetables. This decay can be prevented by salting or what is commonly called salted fish. Aims to reduce the water content contained in fish meat, so that bacteria do not develop. In the processing of salted fish some producers add food ingredients. Like Borax and formalin which aims to preserve salted fish. Salted fish has many types, one of which is petek fish. This study aims to determine the presence of borax and formalin in the physicochemical properties of salted petek fish sold in Celancang market. The method in this study is descriptive qualitative with the method of examination using the flame test and curcumin paper on borax and using distillation with the addition of chromatopic acid on formalin. The samples in this study were salted petek fish sold in Celancang market as many as thirty samples. Based on the results of the research on the presence of borax test, there is no borax content in the salted petek fish sample and in formalin, as many as ten salted petek fish are positive for formalin sold in the Celancang market. From the organoleptic test results salted petek fish containing formalin is pure white in color different from the usual petek fish with a pungent aroma and hard texture but the taste remains the same salty.

The purpose of of this research is to describe environmental degradation in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye using the ecological study of literary Grag Gerrard's ecological study of literature theory. This research is a descriptive qualitative research, in which data findings are in the form of quotations or dialog related to environmental degradation in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan pintar by Tere Liye. Smart by Tere Liye. The results show that environmental degradation includes 6 (six) forms of environmental degradation in the novel. this novel, namely 10 pollution, 6 wilderness, 13 disasters, 12 dwellings, 4 animals and 8 earth. Meanwhile, 3 (three) efforts to overcome environmental degradation (environmental ethics) in this novel are 3 attitude of responsibility towards nature, 4 attitudes of love and care for nature and 1 attitude of not disturbing the life of nature. Among these, the most dominant form of degradation found in the novel is natural disasters, as shown through various excerpts and dialogues. This study is also relevant to academic learning as it enriches students' textual understanding while fostering social awareness, moral responsibility, and environmental concern.

This study is aimed to investigate the compatibility of materials in the textbook entitled "Cambridge English for Job-hunting" based on Tomlinson’s theory. The researcher used descriptive approach research as the type of the study. The data of the study were done by follows the process involved several stages, which are as follows: 1) The researcher selected an English textbook for analysis, 2) the researcher read the English textbook thoroughly, 3) the researcher carefully reviewed the content of the textbook, 4) the researcher gathered all the necessary materials from the textbook for analysis. The result of this study shows that the textbook substantially complies with Tomlinson's criteria for useful tools for language learning. It effectively engages students, builds confidence, offers appropriate information, uses actual speech, and accommodates a range of learning preferences and emotional conditions.    

Chicken nuggets with the addition of purple sweet potato puree and shrimp are innovative nuggets made from chicken meat, purple sweet potato, shrimp and spices. The experiment aimed to determine: 1) the best sensory test quality: 2) nutritional content, namely Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate, Antioxidant, Fiber; and 3) selling price  250 grams.  research method used experiments to conduct 2 trials to determine  best sensory test. Data collection techniques through sensory tests using instrument 30 panelists. Data analysis technique with quantitative descriptive analysis of percentages.  results showed: 1) color sensory test results 22 (69%) light purple, 8 (25%) purple and 2 (6%) not purple, shape 16 (53%) love-shaped, 14 (47%) less perfect, aroma 21 (70%) smells combination of chicken and purple sweet potato, 7 (23%)  combination of chicken and shrimp, 2 (7%) less flavorful shrimp and purple sweet potato, taste 20 (67%) moderately savory combination of chicken shrimp  little sweetness purple sweet potato, 9 (30%) savory combination of chicken, shrimp, 2 (3%) sweet not savory purple sweet potato. Texture 18 (60%) soft chewy solid 12 (40%) solid; 2) laboratory test results content per 100 grams; Protein 12.83%, Carbohydrate 36.56%, Fat 6.05%, Antioxidant 92.88%, Fiber 3.22%; 3) Selling price 250 grams IDR 36.800.

This study examines the English textbook "English Class X for SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Revised Edition 2017" through the lens of Tomlinson's theoretical framework to ascertain its effectiveness in facilitating language acquisition. Using a descriptive approach and document analysis, the study focused on book contents, examining elements such as impact, learner comfort, confidence building, relevance, language exposure and more. Data collection involved examining the content of the textbook, while analysis included subjective and objective ratings based on Tomlinson's sixteen criteria for effective learning materials. Results showed that the textbook was generally in line with Tomlinson's standards, meeting fifteen of the sixteen criteria, including impactful materials, learner engagement, and diverse learning opportunities. However, the textbook was lacking in facilitating learner self-investment. In addition, the study suggests improvements in physical design to enhance attractiveness. The textbook "English Class X" overall meets the criteria as a quality learning resource with diverse and engaging content, supporting effective language learning. This analysis provides important insights for informed textbook selection that fit within a pedagogical framework, aiming to improve student learning outcomes.  

This research evaluates an English for Business textbook written by Mary Ellen Guffey & Carolyn M. Seefer with a content analysis approach. This study focuses on exploring the structure, content, and learning features in textbooks to assess their suitability to learner needs and stated goals. The examination conducted to assess the textbooks in this research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using the Cunningsworth and Miekley checklist as its foundation. The assessment scale encompasses ratings ranging from 'very good' and 'good' to 'moderate' and 'poor'. The analysis revealed the textbook's effectiveness in facilitating learning through its structured layout, engaging examples, and interactive features. Additionally, contextualization in real business scenarios and sections that promote discussion increase its relevance and applicability. This study offers valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and policy makers in selecting and developing ESP textbooks tailored to the specific needs of learners in the business field.

Speech acts in pragmatic science are divided into several types, one of which is representative speech acts. Speech acts that bind the speaker to the truth of what he says are representative speech acts. Speeches that include speech acts can be found in learning videos. Based on this, this study analyzes the representative speech acts contained in the learning video. The data used in the research is in the form of learning videos in the "Summary of Indonesian Language Materials Class 7 K-13" playlist on the Youtube channel "Edukasi Portal". This study aims to provide exposure and describe various representative speech acts contained in the data source. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. It was found in Chapter 1 ''Description Text'' material, 1 0 data were produced, 1 2 data was found in Chapter 2 ''National Text'', 9 representative speech data were found in Chapter 3 ''Procedural Text'' , and 12 speech data were found. on the material of Chapter 4 ''Text of Observation Results'' and as many as 12 data on the material of Chapter 5 ''People's Poetry''. This research is useful for readers in facilitating understanding of representative speech acts. With the analysis of representative speech acts, it is hoped that readers can fully understand and comprehend representative speech acts. This research is useful for readers in facilitating their understanding of representative speech acts .    

This research aims to examine illocutionary speech acts in the text of the speech "Inauguration of Professor at the Faculty of Engineering, Tarumanagara University by Tri Harso Karyono" . A descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis method was used as the research method . Data collection is carried out by recording and marking important points which will later be used as analysis material . The research results show that in speech texts, speakers use a lot of speech that leads to illocutionary speech acts. Four types of illocutionary speech acts are found in it. Namely assertive or representative, expressive, directive and declarative illocutionary speech acts . In this research, the function or use of illocutionary speech acts and speaker strategies will be described which makes the current research different from previous research . Even though there is already a lot of research out there that examines illocutionary speech acts , the author hopes that the research carried out this time can provide benefits for the development of pragmatics and broaden readers' horizons . Not only that, it is hoped that this study will also provide benefits to the general public and students majoring in Indonesian.    

This research was motivated by class V students at SD Negeri 1 Gedebeg who seemed bored and not interested in implementing learning evaluations because evaluations were considered a burden and class teachers also felt that the learning evaluations given still seemed monotonous because usually the evaluations used were only written tests in the form of multiple choice questions and descriptions. This research aims to describe the use of quizizz paper mode-based evaluation tools in increasing the enthusiasm and learning outcomes of class V students at SD Negeri 1 Gedebeg, Blora Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with the research subjects being class V teachers and class V students with a total of 15 students. Data collection techniques in this research include tests, questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. The results of research using quizizz paper mode based evaluation tools can increase learning outcomes with learning success (class accuracy) of announcement text material using the quizizz paper mode platform by 82% and can increase student enthusiasm with indicators of response, attention, willingness, concentration and awareness to involve themselves in learning which on average has a very high level of enthusiasm.

This study examines the symbolic meanings in the Dhammapada text through a simple semantic approach. Many Buddhists understand the Dhammapada only literally, without exploring the deeper symbolic meanings intended to transform character and behavior. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing ten selected verses from the Dhammapada, comparing their literal meanings (denotative) with symbolic meanings (connotative). The findings show that each verse in the Dhammapada contains moral wisdom that can be applied in daily life. For example, the metaphor of light represents wisdom, darkness represents ignorance, and the middle path represents balance in life. These findings have practical implications for Buddhist character education, where understanding symbolic meanings helps students internalize moral values more deeply than merely memorizing texts.

This article is a report on community service activities in order to fulfill the 2023 Government Assistance Program for Facilitating Cultural Advancement organized by the Region XII West Kalimantan Cultural Advancement Agency. The purpose of this article is to reintroduce, preserve and develop literacy culture, especially reading and writing in Javanese texts, to teachers, especially Islamic Religious Education Teachers (PAI) and Local Content Teachers (Mulok) at the junior high school/equivalent level in Sambas City. PAI and Mulok teachers are also the spearheads of introducing local culture. Therefore, this activity focuses on recognizing Jawi letters and reading Jawi writing. The reporting procedure is based on a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research show that PAI and Mulok teachers at junior high school/equivalent level actively participate in seminar activities and practice reading and writing Jawi texts. This is very important because the development of an independent curriculum today requires the capacity and creativity of schools, especially teachers and is a benchmark for school progress. Apart from that, material development should focus on exploring local wisdom, one suitable material is the practice of reading and writing Javanese texts.

Learning English at the vocational school level requires the right approach to facilitate students in understanding various types of texts, including descriptive texts. One approach that has been widely used is the group learning method. This study aims to explore the application of group learning methods to descriptive text material in English language learning at SMK Bina Profesi Pekanbaru. The research method used was classroom action research (PTK) which was carried out in several stages. The subjects in this research were 27 class X Accounting students consisting of 22 female students and 5 male students. The data collection technique was carried out by direct observation during the teaching process of Class X Accounting which took place in several meetings. Through conducting observations with English teachers, the implementation of learning can be improved by utilizing discussion and observation methods with students. The results of the research show that the application of the group learning method makes a positive contribution to students' understanding of Descriptive Text material. This research suggests that group learning strategies are good for use in the learning process. This can be seen from the results of the observation sheet before and after the implementation of each stage, namely aspects of student activity, student skills, student enthusiasm and increased student interest. In this case, it also makes students more enthusiastic about carrying out learning activities and makes teachers more creative, conducive learning activities are also achieved by implementing Group Method Learning.

This study was conducted with the aim of examining cyerbullying behavior that occurs in the Mobile Legends game in the Mobile Legends player community. This study uses theories from Think Before Text, Kowalski (2008), and the Transtheorical Model (1970) using descriptive qualitative research methods, and the method of finding informants using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The factors that influence the occurrence of cyberbullying are divided into several factors, but the factors that have the most influence on the occurrence of cyberbullying actions include family factors, the environment, and one's nature. As a result of cyberbullying, it will cause behavioral changes in a person, these behavioral changes are preceded by precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. The factors that influence a person to experience changes in behavior due to cyberbullying are caused by a lack of parental attention in supervising their children's socialization, a poor friendship environment, and unstable emotions, causing changes in the behavior of victims to become cyberbullying perpetrators. Therefore, it is necessary to have supervision from parents in supervising the socialization of their children, the need for self-resistance so as not to fall into negative things in socializing, the need for healthy and sporitf competition in channeling the talent of playing MLBB games, and the need for strict sanctions against perpetrators.

The Teaching Campus embodies part of the educational learning program in basic education units, the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) activity, which provides students with classroom learning experiences by partnering with educators in learning methods in primary and secondary education units. In other words, the Teaching Campus activities realize the Independent Campus goal by providing opportunities for students to learn and grow through programs outside the classroom. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Qualitative research is an analysis carried out to find out and describe existing events and evidence by describing them in the form of data, images and text. Basic education embodies the basic education phase for children aged 6 to 12 years which is developed according to educational units, basic expectations and social culture. Students from Muhammadiyah University and Jember University Jember who are studying for the Class 6 Teaching Campus Program are currently undergoing a number of work programs. One of them is related to literacy and numeracy in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) SDN Menampu 02 education unit.

In the latest curriculum, Indonesian language learning is oriented towards text-based learning. Therefore, students are invited to be able to produce various types of texts according to the material taught. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of the case-based learning model in the case-based learning (CBL) learning model in the Indonesian language subject of writing negotiation texts for class X students at SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year, the method used is descriptive qualitative method. This research focuses on the differences after the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model by using observation data, interviews with educators and students and documentation. As for data analysis techniques using descriptive by displaying the results of observations, the results of interviews with educators and students, student learning outcomes in the form of writing results and documentation such as learning documentation based on the steps in the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model and several other supporters. The results obtained after the application of this learning model are that students can have scores above the KKM and can also write independently the negotiation text that has been made in accordance with the linguistic rules.The conclusion based on the results of this study is that the application of the case base learning (CBL) model in class X Boga 1 SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year can be applied as an effective learning model to make students in writing negotiation text.  In addition, this application can also add alternative learning for educators.

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning learning model on review text writing skills in class XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru and to find out how the Problem Based Learning learning model is applied to review text writing skills in class the type of research carried out in this research is a Quantitative Approach. The population in this study was all students in class. The data collection technique used in this research is the test and observation method. Data Analysis Techniques In this research the author uses quantitative descriptive. The research results in this study are the value of review text writing skills studied using the Problem Based Learning method, meaning that the average percentage of student scores is 85.00 ≥ 100% of the specified KKM, so it can be concluded that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected and there is an influence on Value of review text writing skills for class XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru. The results of hypothesis testing use the t test, namely the Independent Sample T-Test via the SPSS program. shows that t count ≥ table, namely 128.567 > 2.036 with df = 32 at the 5% significance level is 2.036 so that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected.