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The agrarian conflict in the Kendeng Mountains, Central Java, arose due to the construction of a cement factory by PT Semen Indonesia, which was supported by the state through the issuance of environmental permits, even though several permits had been revoked by court decisions. The local community rejected the project because it threatened their water sources, environment, and livelihoods. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the state, corporations, and civil society in the agrarian conflict in Kendeng, as well as the role of civil society movements in responding to this conflict. The research uses qualitative methods with a literature study of journals and related news reports. Using Karl Marx's theory of conflict and Charles Tilly's theory of social movements, the study finds that the state tends to side with corporate interests, while civil society continues to build resistance through collective action, legal advocacy, public campaigns, and ecofeminist movements. The Kendeng conflict reflects the imbalance of power relations and the weakness of substantive democracy in natural resource management. The need for increased transparency in licensing, community participation, and ecological protection are the main solutions.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has fundamentally transformed civil legal interactions, making electronic documents such as instant messages, online transactions, and digital contracts primary forms of evidence in many civil disputes. However, their admissibility in judicial proceedings remains fraught with challenges concerning formal and material validity. This study aims to identify juridical and technical obstacles in digital evidence and to formulate an ideal model for civil procedural law that ensures reliable electronic proof. A normative-juridical approach with qualitative analysis was employed, combining doctrinal research through legislative review, jurisprudence, and scholarly literature with case studies of court decisions involving electronic evidence, particularly in divorce disputes. The findings reveal that inconsistent judicial treatment stems from the absence of specific procedural rules in Indonesia’s civil procedure framework still rooted in colonial-era HIR and RBg alongside limited digital infrastructure and low technological literacy among judicial actors. In response, the study proposes an integrated legal construction model featuring explicit provisions in the upcoming Civil Procedure Code, adoption of the functional equivalence principle, institutionalization of digital forensic experts in litigation, and procedural safeguards for vulnerable parties. The research concludes that only through holistic reform of the evidentiary paradigm can Indonesia’s civil justice system guarantee fairness, legal certainty, and relevance in the digital era.

The revision of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) Law fundamentally changes the concept of SOE losses by emphasizing that losses incurred in SOE operations constitute corporate losses, not state financial losses. This change has a direct impact on the construction of directors' accountability, which has often been associated with corruption when companies experience losses. This study aims to analyze the provisions of SOE directors' responsibilities based on Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles within the new regulatory framework, as well as to examine the application of sanctions against directors who violate these principles and cause corporate losses. The study uses normative legal methods with statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The analysis was conducted by examining the provisions of the Limited Liability Company Law, the revised SOE Law, related implementing regulations, and several important decisions, such as those concerning Jiwasraya, Asabri, Garuda Indonesia, and Pertamina-TPPI. The results show that the principles of GCG, fiduciary duty, and the Business Judgment Rule are the primary instruments in assessing directors' actions. Civil and administrative sanctions are the first line of defense for assessing directors' accountability, while criminal sanctions can only be imposed if there is an element of abuse of authority, conflict of interest, or other fraudulent acts. This research emphasizes the need for a clear distinction between business risks and unlawful acts to prevent directors from being criminalized for business decisions made in good faith and in accordance with good corporate governance principles. These findings are expected to serve as a reference in formulating state-owned enterprise policies and promoting more proportionate law enforcement against directors.

The current practice of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in schools still faces the challenge of the dominance of conventional methods that tend to be teacher-centered, so that the aspect of internalization of values by students is often not optimal . This article aims to describe the characteristics and conceptual relationships between the Social Interaction and Personal learning models in the context of PAI, while also examining the relationship between the two models with constructivist and humanistic learning theories . Through a literature study, the analysis shows that the Social Interaction model based on constructivist theory emphasizes the construction of knowledge through group dynamics, collaboration, and social interaction . Meanwhile, the Personal model based on humanistic theory is oriented towards the development of individual potential, self-awareness, and spiritual reflection . The results of the study conclude that the integration of these two models offers a holistic learning approach, where students not only understand PAI material cognitively, but are also able to actualize religious values through real social experiences and deep personal appreciation .

The development of digital da'wah demands a more in-depth, comprehensive, and data-driven methodological approach. However, contemporary da'wah research is still dominated by descriptive analysis that stops at mapping surface phenomena without exploring the underlying causal factors that determine the long-term effectiveness of da'wah. This weakness is increasingly apparent in the use of SWOT analysis, which has been widely applied in da'wah studies, but tends to be limited to producing categorization tables without an operational epistemic basis. Meanwhile, the era of digital da'wah presents a new, complex reality, where da'wah success is influenced not only by surface interactions such as the number of viewers, impressions, or follower growth, but also by latent factors such as audience cognitive motivation, platform algorithms, digital cultural context, identity construction, and societal value systems. This study aims to formulate a new methodological model through the integration of SWOT and the Iceberg approach to address this methodological stagnation. The research was conducted using qualitative methods based on literature analysis, comparative studies of strategic analysis models, and the construction of a conceptual model. The results show that the SWOT-Iceberg integration is able to produce a more multidimensional framework for digital da'wah analysis: SWOT diagnoses surface symptoms, while Iceberg explores patterns, causal structures, and mental models that shape phenomena. This combined model enables the development of more accurate, adaptive, and evidence-based da'wah strategies. It is concluded that the SWOT–Iceberg integration significantly contributes to the development of modern da'wah methodology by encouraging a shift from descriptive research to transformative diagnostic analysis, while simultaneously strengthening the scientific character of da'wah as an academic discipline based on a critical and measurable knowledge system.

The development of modern scientific knowledge, which tends to be secular, has created a dichotomy between religious sciences and general sciences within Islamic education systems. This condition has encouraged the emergence of the idea of the Islamization of knowledge as an effort to restore knowledge to a tawhidic framework. This study aims to examine how the concept of the Islamization of knowledge is represented in Ahmad Tafsir’s book Filsafat Pendidikan Islami. This research employs a qualitative library study using content analysis and a philosophical approach to both the primary text and supporting literature. The findings show that although Ahmad Tafsir does not explicitly use the term “Islamization of knowledge,” the idea is strongly reflected in his construction of epistemology, his concept of the human person, the curriculum, and the educational processes he proposes. At the epistemological level, Tafsir positions revelation as the highest source of value that guides reason and experience, aligning with the principles of the Islamization of knowledge that reject secularist assumptions in the development of knowledge. In the domain of curriculum and educational design, the integration of religious sciences and modern sciences becomes a foundational principle that eliminates the dichotomy of knowledge and emphasizes a tawhidic orientation. The educational process is understood as a space for value internalization, character formation, and moral exemplarity, uniting knowledge with ethics. This study concludes that Ahmad Tafsir’s thought provides an important contribution to the development of an integrative Islamic educational paradigm rooted in tawhid while remaining responsive to the dynamics of modern scientific knowledge.

This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the integrated technology construct connecting physical and mental health services in conflict-affected Middle Eastern regions by employing confirmatory factor analysis within a Structural Equation Modelling approach. The research is based on 1,124 documents on digital health technology implementation published between 2017 and 2024 across fourteen countries. The measurement model demonstrates strong goodness-of-fit, evidenced by chi-square/df = 1.847, CFI = 0.971, TLI = 0.965, RMSEA = 0.041, and SRMR = 0.034, thereby confirming the structural soundness of the proposed framework. The analysis identifies four core dimensions—Digital Innovation (lambda = 0.893, CR = 13.672), Infrastructure Readiness (lambda = 0.847, CR = 12.184), User Competency (lambda = 0.819, CR = 11.453), and Sustainability (lambda = 0.865, CR = 12.738)—all significant at p < 0.001. Reliability indices are robust, with Cronbach's Alpha between 0.876 and 0.934, Composite Reliability ranging from 0.891 to 0.947, and Average Variance Extracted between 0.661 and 0.798, indicating strong internal consistency. The findings expand earlier digital health frameworks proposed by Mechael (2009) and Labrique et al. (2013) by emphasizing sustainability as a key component in conflict settings marked by limited resources. In contrast to Aranda-Jan et al. (2014), which addresses general technology adoption, this study underscores specific challenges in integrating both mental and physical health services in humanitarian contexts, thereby responding to the gap highlighted by Naslund et al. (2017) regarding fragmented digital mental health initiatives in crisis environments.

This study aims to analyze the capital market reaction to the groundbreaking event of the new capital city (IKN) on the stock prices of property and construction sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research employs a quantitative approach using the event study method with an observation period of 11 days, consisting of 5 days before (t-5), the event day (t), and 5 days after (t+5) the event. The sample includes property and construction sector companies that were actively traded during the observation period. Data analysis was conducted using the Paired Sample t-test through SPSS to examine differences in Abnormal Return (AR), Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR), and Trading Volume Activity (TVA) before and after the event. The results show that there is no significant difference in AR and TVA, but there is a significant difference in CAR, indicating that the market reacted cumulatively to the groundbreaking IKN information. These findings support the semi-strong form of market efficiency theory, suggesting that the market requires time to fully reflect information into stock prices.

This research analyzes the dynamics of hegemony and resistance in the Lio indigenous community of Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, focusing on the power practices of mosalaki (traditional elites) and the forms of hidden resistance developed by farming communities. Using an ethnographic approach over four months in Keliwumbu Village, this study combines Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony with James Scott's theory of hidden transcripts to understand the complexity of power relations in traditional societies experiencing economic transformation. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with 18 informants, and document analysis, then analyzed using a thematic approach. Findings indicate that the legitimacy of mosalaki power is constructed through three main pillars: genealogical narratives derived from the myths of Lepe and Mbusu, control over customary land encompassing 70% of agricultural land, and ritual authority positioning them as intermediaries with ata mate (ancestral spirits). Hegemonic practices operate through the pire system (customary prohibitions), mandatory nggua rituals requiring offerings, and control over decision-making as evidenced in the coal-fired power plant construction case. However, farming communities have developed hidden resistance in the form of subtle sabotage, passive non-compliance, gossip and informal criticism, and exit strategies through migration and purchase of alternative land. This resistance operates within the same cultural framework as the hegemony it contests, developing alternative interpretations of "true custom" rather than rejecting the traditional system entirely. This research contributes to theoretical understanding of hegemony in non-Western societies and reveals that "local wisdom" discourse can be manipulated to perpetuate structural inequality. Practically, these findings demonstrate the need for more critical approaches in development policies that accommodate internal power dynamics of indigenous communities to prevent reinforcement of local elite domination

This research is motivated by the widespread use of non-standard Indonesian on social media, which has resulted in low public awareness of the importance of implementing Indonesian according to the rules.The purpose of this study is to analyze Instagram users’ awareness of using standard Indonesian words and to assess the effectiveness of language coaching through social media. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, where data were collected through polls using the Instagram Story feature, observation of uploaded content, and analysis of audience interactions between account managers and followers. The findings show that most social media users still tend to use nonstandard word forms in daily communication. However, after receiving coaching through educational content, there was a significant improvement in understanding and applying standard word forms. This study concludes that Instagram can serve as an effective and engaging medium for language development, as it can reach diverse audiences and encourage users to be more aware, responsible, and wise in using proper Indonesian according to the norms of the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) and the Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (PUEBI).

Floor slabs are important structural elements in building construction that function as floor coverings and withstand various loads. The purpose of this study is to identify the implementation method of the slab work and analyze the material requirements for the slab work of the Joglo Elementary School Building Construction project. This research applies quantitative research type. The volume calculation method is manual (conventional). The calculation analysis is only limited to the work of reinforcing iron, formwork, and concrete. The implementation of floor slab work in this project includes reinforcement work, formwork work, casting work, formwork demolition work, and floor slab concrete maintenance work. The reinforcement requirement for the 1st floor needs 8,551.02 kg, the second floor 17,102.04 kg, and the third floor 17,102.04 kg. The formwork requirements for the 1st floor slab amounted to 1038.34 m2, the second floor amounted to 1038.24 m2, and the third floor amounted to 1038.34 m2. The casting requirement for the 1st floor slab is 103.83 m3, the 2nd floor is 124.60 m3, and the 3rd floor is 124.60 m3.

A steel truss bridge is a structure constructed from a series of interconnected steel bars. The loads received by this structure are analyzed and transferred to the steel bars that make up the structure. Factors that need to be analyzed in bridge construction include the location and surrounding environmental conditions. After identifying the type of soil and bedrock beneath the surface, the materials used must meet strength or durability test standards before the bridge can be operated. The materials used must comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). In addition to the factors mentioned above, the bridge must undergo a feasibility evaluation. Among the various tests used to evaluate bridge strength, one is vibration testing. The vibration test method, when compared to the load test method, shows higher cost efficiency and does not cause damage to the structure.

This community service activity was conducted by lecturers from STIM Sukma in October 2025 at Medan Tembung District. The aim was to enhance the awareness and understanding of construction workers regarding the importance of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as a preventive measure against occupational accidents. Ten construction workers participated in the socialization activity, which included interactive lectures, group discussions, and simple demonstrations on the proper use of PPE. The results indicated a positive improvement in workers’ knowledge and awareness toward PPE use, although some limitations were observed regarding tool availability and habitual work behaviors. This activity highlights the significance of an educational and humanistic approach in cultivating a culture of safety within the informal construction sector. Through follow-up programs and regular mentoring, it is hoped that changes in worker behavior will develop more consistently. Furthermore, collaboration with local stakeholders is crucial to ensure the availability of PPE and the desire for a culture of workplace safety within the community.

Carbonate rocks are one of the most important geological resources with a significant role in various industrial sectors, particularly as the main raw material in cement, lime, and construction industries. This study aims to review the characteristics, quality, and industrial potential of three major carbonate rock types—limestone, dolomite, and marble—based on relevant scientific literature. The research employed a literature review method using a qualitative-descriptive approach through analysis and synthesis of previous studies. Data were collected from scientific publications addressing the mineralogical, chemical, and physical aspects of carbonate rocks and their implications for industrial performance. The findings indicate that the quality of carbonate rocks is largely determined by mineral composition (calcite and dolomite), chemical purity (CaO and MgO), and the presence of impurities such as silica, alumina, and iron oxides. High-purity limestone rich in calcite is identified as the most efficient raw material for cement and lime industries due to its stable processing behavior and lower energy requirements. Conversely, dolomite with high magnesium content requires process adjustments to prevent excessive MgO formation during calcination. Marble, both in natural and waste powder form, shows promising potential as a supplementary material in sustainable cement production. Overall, this study emphasizes that understanding the mineralogical and chemical variations of carbonate rocks is essential for optimizing their processing strategies and promoting sustainable industrial utilization 

Civil engineering infrastructure development plays a vital role in driving economic progress and enhancing the quality of life within communities. The success of infrastructure projects depends not only on budgetary and technological factors but also on the quality of human resources (HR) involved in every project phase, from planning to maintenance. This literature review highlights that skilled and competent HR is a critical factor in achieving project success, particularly amidst increasing complexity and the challenges posed by globalization. Key issues faced by the sector include a shortage of skilled labor, high turnover rates, and a misalignment between educational outcomes and the skills required in the field. Additionally, technological advancements, such as the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), demand continuous skill enhancement to adapt to the growing automation of industry processes. Effective HR management—encompassing ongoing education, fair incentive systems, and the integration of technology into HR practices—is essential for boosting productivity and mitigating risks during project execution. A comprehensive approach, including a structured HR management system, is required to ensure the sustainability and quality of infrastructure development. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the critical role of HR management in the civil engineering sector and proposes practical recommendations for improving HR quality to meet the evolving demands of the construction industry.  

This study aims to determine and analyze the comparison of authority and characteristics between the Nusantara Capital Authority and the Labuan Bajo Authority in the administration of the Indonesian government. The type of research used in the research on the comparison of the authority of the Nusantara Capital Authority Authority and the Labuan Bajo Authority in the Implementation of Indonesian Government is still the same as the initial research proposal, namely using the type of normative law research (normative law research) which is carried out by examining library materials or secondary data. Comparison of the authority between the Nusantara Capital Authority and the Labuan Bajo Authority, namely the authority of the Nusantara Capital Authority (IKN) is regulated in Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the National Capital and further regulated through Government Regulation Number 27 of 2023 concerning the Special Authority of the Nusantara Capital, namely special authority related to granting investment licenses, ease of doing business, and providing special facilities to parties that support the implementation of the Indonesian Government, as well as the provision of special facilities to parties that support financing in the context of preparation, construction, and relocation of the National Capital, as well as the development of the Archipelago Capital and partner regions and authority in government affairs, while the authority of the Labuan Bajo Authority Agency

Communal land in Kenagarian Tarantang has undergone conversion into tourism areas, bringing impacts on local environmental conditions. This study aims to explain the forms of communal land conversion into tourist areas, environmental conditions after conversion, and its impact on the environment in Kenagarian Tarantang. The research employed a quantitative associative approach involving 50 respondents randomly selected from 789 households. Data were collected through questionnaires, field observations, and interviews, then analyzed using simple regression analysis. The results showed that communal land conversion occurred intensively for homestay construction and tourism facilities with a total score of 1121 in the good category. Environmental conditions were generally well-controlled with a score of 983 in the very good category, although there were impacts such as reduced vegetation and decreased water quality. Regression analysis confirmed a significant influence between communal land conversion and environmental conditions at 18.49 percent with a significance value of 0.002. Community participation in maintaining the cleanliness of tourism areas was very good, however, stricter government supervision, reforestation programs, and adequate waste management are needed to prevent ecosystem degradation in the future.

The Calong traditional musical instrument from West Sulawesi is a cultural heritage of the Mandar people, possessing strong artistic and symbolic value. However, documentation of the instrument's construction and ornamentation remains limited. This study aims to identify the Calong's construction, analyze the variety of ornaments used, and uncover the aesthetic meaning and symbolism inherent in the instrument. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including direct observation, documentation, interviews with craftsmen and artists, and a visit to the West Sulawesi Pavilion at the TMII (Indonesian Museum of Traditional Art) as a comparative source for cultural representation. The results indicate that the Calong's construction utilizes specific bamboo selection and splitting techniques, which influence its resonance quality. The ornamentation reflects symbols of the relationship between humans and nature, ancestors, and the Mandar people's philosophy of life. Aesthetically, the combination of form, texture, and motifs creates a distinctive visual character while strengthening its musical identity. The study's conclusions confirm that the Calong is not only a musical instrument but also a cultural artifact with aesthetic and symbolic value that is important to preserve through education, cultural awareness, and ongoing documentation.

This study aims to analyze the representation of women in beauty product advertisements on social media, focusing on the Nivea Care & Protect Body Serum advertisement. Beauty advertisements often depict women within specific social constructions related to beauty standards, gender roles, and power relations. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis, which emphasizes the position of subject (speaker) and object (spoken of) as well as how women are positioned in texts and visuals. Data were collected through documentation of Nivea Indonesia’s official social media posts. The results show that the advertisement not only reproduces the ideal beauty standard identified with fair and well-maintained skin but also positions women as both subjects and objects of consumption. It concludes that while there are efforts toward empowerment, the advertisement still reinforces dominant discourses that strengthen gender stereotypes in the beauty industry.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Find Someone Who cooperative learning model in increasing fifth-grade students' learning interest in science. The implementation of this model provides an active and enjoyable learning experience through questioning, movement, and discussion activities that enable students to engage in meaningful social interactions. This involvement makes students more enthusiastic about participating in learning and helps them understand concepts better. In addition, the Find Someone Who model encourages collaborative knowledge construction, so students can build conceptual understanding through cooperation and communication. Increasing student interest and participation is one of the important factors that encourages improving the quality of the science learning process in the classroom. This study examines the contribution of the Find Someone Who cooperative learning model to improving fifth-grade students' interest and learning outcomes in science. The results showed an increase in learning completion from 54% in cycle I to 92% in cycle II, which was influenced by collaborative activities that helped students build a more structured understanding of concepts. Through social interaction, information exchange, and cooperation during learning, students were able to strengthen their understanding and develop communication skills. Although its implementation requires good time management and clear instructions, this model still has a positive influence when applied in a targeted and consistent manner. These findings indicate that collaborative learning through the Find Someone Who approach can enrich the science learning process in elementary schools.