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Social interaction is an important part of students' lives, especially in the school environment and socializing with peers. In the process of this interaction, verbal bullying behavior often appears which is often considered a form of joke or a natural thing. In fact, verbal bullying can have a quite serious psychological impact on students who experience it. This study aims to examine various forms of verbal bullying that occur in social interactions in students and analyze the psychological impact it causes. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various scientific sources in the form of research journals, scientific articles, and relevant books published in the range of 2016–2026. The results of the study show that verbal bullying in students can appear in various forms, such as mockery of physical or ability, insults, the use of harsh words, yelling, and humiliation in front of others or the general public. Various studies have also shown that these behaviors are influenced by the factors of the friendship environment, lack of emotional control, and excessive joke culture among students. The psychological impact caused includes decreased self-confidence, the emergence of feelings of sadness, anxiety, stress, and a tendency to withdraw from the social environment. Therefore, attention from various parties, especially the school and family environment, is needed to prevent and reduce the occurrence of verbal bullying so that students' psychological development can take place in a healthy manner.

This research aims to analyze the strategic role of management psychology in enhancing the performance and effectiveness of educational organizations through a systematic literature review. The development of modern educational organizations demands human resource management that is not only oriented toward administrative aspects but also considers the psychological dynamics of individuals, including behavior, motivation, and interpersonal relationships. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, analyzing relevant scientific articles from the Google Scholar database. The results of the study indicate that management psychology contributes significantly to organizational productivity through three main aspects: effective organizational communication to build trust, psychology-based leadership that increases work motivation and satisfaction through recognition and fairness, and constructive conflict management that transforms tension into opportunities for innovation. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the integration of various psychological dimensions, such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and self-efficacy, is a key element in creating a conducive work environment. Therefore, leaders of educational institutions are advised to adopt a humanistic leadership style to optimize the potential of human resources and achieve superior educational quality in a sustainable and effective manner within the modern era.

Science learning in elementary schools requires evaluation strategies that are able to measure conceptual understanding while enhancing students’ motivation and engagement. One of the contextual science topics in Grade VI that requires visualization is the adaptation of living organisms. However, science learning evaluation is still dominated by conventional assessment instruments that are less varied and have not optimally utilized digital technology. This study aims to examine the development of an interactive question bank based on Quizlet as an alternative assessment tool for science learning on the topic of adaptation of living organisms in Grade VI elementary schools. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles, books, and educational policy documents. The results of the review indicate that a Quizlet-based interactive question bank has the potential to improve the quality of learning evaluation through the use of varied and interactive questions accompanied by immediate feedback. The use of Quizlet also supports student-centered learning and aligns with the principles of meaningful assessment promoted in the Merdeka Curriculum.

Education is a crucial aspect for individuals; however, in reality, many students face learning obstacles such as low motivation and academic procrastination, which can hinder their psychological development. This literature review aims to analyze the effectiveness of various Guidance and Counseling (GC) services in addressing students’ learning problems and to identify the most prevalent and efficient strategies. The research method used was a literature review of 20 scientific articles from accredited journals and academic books published over the past ten years. Data analysis was conducted thematically to map patterns and trends in the effectiveness of interventions. The results indicate that GC services significantly contribute to addressing learning difficulties through four primary models: group counseling, individual counseling, classroom guidance, and comprehensive services. Group counseling was found to be the most widely used and effective service in enhancing students’ learning motivation and social interaction through group dynamics. Meanwhile, individual counseling proved effective for addressing personal and specific issues such as truancy and procrastination. Although effective, the implementation of guidance and counseling services still faces challenges in the form of a limited number of counselors and suboptimal time management. The implications of this study emphasize the need to optimize group services as a primary strategy, as well as increased support from schools and parents to create preventive and comprehensive interventions.

Global economic uncertainty and exchange rate fluctuations pose significant challenges to monetary stability in Indonesia, particularly in maintaining a controlled inflation rate. This study aims to analyze the transmission mechanism of the rupiah exchange rate to the inflation rate in Indonesia from 2015 to 2024. The method used in this study is library research by collecting, reviewing, and synthesizing data from various scientific literature, official central bank reports, and related journal articles published over the past decade. The research findings indicate that rupiah depreciation has a significant influence on rising inflation through the imported inflation channel, where currency depreciation increases the cost of raw materials for industries dependent on foreign markets. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the effectiveness of this transmission is influenced by public expectations and monetary policy taken by Bank Indonesia through adjustments to the benchmark interest rate. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of synergy between a stable exchange rate policy and controlling the supply of domestic goods to minimize the impact of external shocks on public purchasing power. The government and monetary authorities are advised to continue strengthening foreign exchange reserves and encouraging the use of local currencies in international transactions to reduce dependence on the United States dollar and maintain national price stability.

The rapid growth of short-video-based social media platforms, particularly TikTok, has significantly influenced students learning behavior and productivity. This study aims to analyze the relationship between TikTok usage and students learning productivity. A qualitative literature review method was employed by examining relevant national and international scholarly articles published between 2021 and 2026. The data were analyzed using thematic synthesis to identify consistent patterns and key factors shaping learning productivity in the context of TikTok usage. The findings reveal a consistent pattern indicating that TikTok usage exerts an ambivalent impact on students learning productivity. Excessive and entertainment oriented use is associated with decreased concentration, increased academic procrastination, and poor time management. In contrast, purposeful use of TikTok through educational content and microlearning formats contributes to higher learning motivation, academic engagement, and creativity. These effects are strongly influenced by usage objectives, duration of consumption, and students self regulation abilities. This study concludes that TikTok is not a single determinant of learning productivity but functions as an amplifier of students learning behaviors. The findings contribute to the literature on social media and education by providing a conceptual foundation for developing digital literacy and time management strategies in higher education.

Mental health among university students has become a critical concern in higher education, particulary as students are required to cope with increasing academic demands, social pressures,and the growing complexity of campus life. At this stage, students are in an early transitional period that requires them to adapt to various changes, both academically and psychosocially. Under thes circumstances, psychological factor play a significant role in helping student maintain mental balance, one of which is emotional intelligence. This study aims to explore and understand the relationship between emotional intelligence and students’ mental health through a literature review approach. The method employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive literature review of 18 national and international scholarly articles published between 2021 and 2025, focusing on topics related to emotional intelligence, academic stress, emotion regulation, and student mental health. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence demonstrates a strong and consistent association with various aspects of students’ mental health, including levels of academic stress, anxiety, depression, academic, burnout, resilience, adjustment abilities, and psychological well being. Students with higher levels of emotional intelligence tend to be more capable of recognizing and understanding their emotions,as well as managing them adaptively when facing academic and social pressures. These abilities contribute to reducing the risk of excessive psychological distress. Furthermore, emotional intelligence functions as a protective factor that support the development of effective coping strategies and healty interpersonal relationship. Therefore, fostering emotional intelligence, through promotive and preventive programs within higher education instituions has the potential to become a strategic effort in enhacing and sustaining students’mental health over the long term.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the geopolitical conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran in 2026 on global macroeconomic stability and climate change dynamics. Using a qualitative approach through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this research synthesizes findings from various international journal articles, reports, and academic sources. The results indicate that the conflict has significantly disrupted global energy markets, leading to a sharp increase in oil and gas prices. This energy shock has triggered global inflationary pressures, reduced purchasing power, and increased economic uncertainty across both developed and developing countries. Furthermore, monetary tightening policies implemented to control inflation have created trade-offs with economic growth, increasing the risk of global recession. On the fiscal side, government interventions such as energy subsidies have helped mitigate short-term impacts but have raised concerns about long-term fiscal sustainability. In addition, the energy crisis has slowed the transition toward renewable energy, thereby exacerbating climate change risks. The study highlights the interconnectedness between geopolitical conflict, macroeconomic instability, and environmental sustainability. Therefore, coordinated global policies and integrated economic strategies are essential to address these multidimensional challenges effectively.

Transparency in human resource management has become a strategic issue in modern organizations, particularly through the implementation of salary transparency as part of the broader concept of radical transparency. This study aims to analyze the psychological and managerial impacts of salary information disclosure and its implications for human resource leadership within organizations. The research employs a qualitative approach using a narrative literature review by examining relevant scholarly articles published within the last five years. The findings indicate that salary transparency contributes positively to enhancing employees’ perceptions of fairness and trust; however, it may also generate negative consequences such as social comparison, interpersonal conflict, and decreased job satisfaction if not properly managed. From a managerial perspective, salary transparency promotes greater accountability, strengthens performance evaluation systems, and encourages more open and participative leadership practices. This study contributes by integrating psychological and managerial dimensions into a comprehensive conceptual framework and highlights the importance of organizational readiness in strategically managing transparency policies to achieve effectiveness and sustainability.

Gene amplification technology plays a crucial role in medical diagnostics. While Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is widely regarded as the standard method for amplifying nucleic acids, its reliance on a thermocycler restricts its use in settings with limited resources. As an alternative, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) has gained attention for its ability to perform specific and fast amplification at a constant temperature, eliminating the need for temperature cycling. The goal of this literature review is to examine the global developments and usage of LAMP technology, comparing it with PCR as a possible alternative. To achieve this, a systematic review of scientific articles from both international and national sources was conducted, focusing on the application, validation, and comparison of LAMP with PCR. The findings show a rising number of publications and patents related to LAMP, especially in areas like diagnosing infectious diseases and conducting point-of-care (POC) testing. This growth is attributed to the benefits of LAMP, such as its high sensitivity, quick results, and ease of detection through visual means without the need for electrophoresis. In summary, LAMP is showing great promise as a transformative diagnostic tool. The rapid growth in its adoption suggests that it is becoming a strong alternative to PCR for real-time and affordable diagnostic applications in various settings.

Pantun, as a form of traditional oral literature, plays a crucial role in the development of regional literature learning and character education. This study aims to analyze the application of pantun as a learning medium capable of revitalizing students' character values ​​in the modern era. The study was conducted through a literature review of several relevant scientific articles, including those by Purnama et al. (2023), Andayani (2024), Yoga (2024), and Rozani (2025), all of which discuss the relationship between pantun, learning, and character development. The analysis shows that pantun contains character values ​​such as religiosity, honesty, responsibility, courtesy, hard work, and love of country. Through pantun reciprocal activities, the creation of thematic pantun, and the integration of pantun into a local wisdom-based curriculum, regional literature learning can be an effective means of developing polite, creative, and cultured personalities. The application of pantun in the classroom not only strengthens appreciation for regional literature but also serves as a concrete strategy for revitalizing national character. Thus, pantun is no longer merely a legacy of oral tradition, but rather an instrument for moral and cultural education relevant to the needs of 21st-century education.    

Bullying in junior high schools often results in serious psychological and social impacts, such as fear, low self-esteem, and decreased academic achievement. This study aims to examine the implementation of group guidance services using psychodrama techniques in addressing bullying behavior in junior high school students. The method used was a qualitative approach with a library research study, utilizing various existing sources such as scientific journals, books, and articles relevant to the topic of bullying and psychodrama. Data were collected through a literature search, selecting appropriate sources, and grouping them based on the study theme. Data analysis refers to the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the application of psychodrama techniques in group guidance can increase empathy, self-awareness, and social communication skills in students, resulting in significant changes in the intensity and frequency of bullying behavior. Thus, psychodrama techniques can be a relevant approach in group guidance services to address bullying behavior in junior high school students, as they can encourage deeper social understanding and emotional changes.

Regular physical activity is known to play an important role in maintaining overall health, including improving immune system function and mental health. Lack of physical activity remains a public health issue, making it important to understand the impact of physical activity on the immune system and mental health. This study aimed to review the effect of regular physical activity on the immune system and mental health using a literature review method. The literature sources were obtained from publications within the last five years using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The articles were then screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in nine relevant articles for analysis. The selection results indicate that regular physical activity can increase the mobilization and activity of immune cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, and also modify the adaptive immune system through changes in T cells and B cells. In addition, physical activity also improves mental health through neurobiological mechanisms such as increased endorphin, dopamine, and serotonin levels, which can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as improve sleep quality and psychological well-being. Therefore, regular physical activity has a positive effect on the immune system and mental health and can be used as a promotive and preventive strategy to maintain overall health.

This study aims to examine the contributions of A.M. Sangaji to the field of education during the period of 1922–1949 within the broader context of anti-colonial struggle. This research employs a qualitative method with a historical approach, involving the stages of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Data sources are derived from library research, including books, scholarly articles, and relevant historical documents. The findings reveal that A.M. Sangaji’s contributions to education were closely intertwined with his political and social activism within Sarekat Islam. He actively established Qur’anic teaching centers and educational institutions, particularly in East Kalimantan, aimed at enhancing intellectual and religious awareness among indigenous communities. Furthermore, his role as a writer and orator significantly influenced the development of national consciousness and resistance against colonial rule. His integrity, ideas, and commitment to education highlight his substantial role in the history of Indonesian education. This study concludes that A.M. Sangaji’s contributions extended beyond formal education to encompass social, political, and religious education oriented toward the liberation of society from colonial oppression. Therefore, A.M. Sangaji deserves recognition as both an educational figure and a national hero, with enduring relevance for contemporary educational development.

This research is prompted by legal complications within civil procedural law, specifically regarding the failure of judges to identify formal defects in special powers of attorney during the preliminary stages of trial. The central focus of this study examines Decision Number 14/Pdt.G/2025/PN Kba, in which a lawsuit was declared inadmissible (Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard) only after a seven-month litigation process that had already progressed through evidentiary hearings and local inspections. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the dominus litis principle in empowering judges to provide procedural guidance for lawsuit amendments, while testing its alignment with the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice. Employing a normative legal research method with statutory and case-based approaches, the legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using the legal syllogism technique. The findings indicate that the application of the dominus litis principle in the a quo case remains ineffective due to the judges' passive and formalistic tendencies. Such an approach neglects the ex-officio authority mandated under Articles 119 and 132 of the HIR. This ineffectiveness results in significant judicial inefficiency, causing undue loss of time and financial resources for justice seekers. Consequently, this study recommends strengthening rigorous initial screening mechanisms by the panel of judges at the first hearing. This preventive measure is essential to curb the waste of judicial resources and ensure the realization of substantial justice for all disputing parties.

The global rise in life expectancy toward the 100-year threshold has accelerated the emergence of the silver economy, significantly affecting organizational leadership structures, particularly in terms of succession stagnation risks and potential loss of institutional knowledge. This study aims to develop a comprehensive longevity leadership strategy to manage senior leaders and optimize leadership succession in the context of demographic transition. The research employs an integrative literature review with thematic analysis of reputable international and national journal articles published within the last five years. The findings reveal that effective longevity leadership strategies emphasize repositioning senior leaders from operational roles to strategic mentors through knowledge-sharing mechanisms and phased retirement approaches. Furthermore, successful succession in an aging workforce depends on role flexibility and the establishment of new psychological contracts that recognize and value the wisdom of senior leaders. This study contributes theoretically by proposing a dynamic succession model that bridges intergenerational gaps. Practically, it offers guidance for human resource practitioners in designing age-inclusive retention strategies and leadership transition policies.Overall, the proposed strategy supports organizational stability while fostering sustainable innovation through the optimal utilization of senior human capital.

This study aims to systematically examine empirical evidence on the effectiveness of role play in improving EFL students' speaking skills. Using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology guided by the PRISMA framework, this study analyzed 20 peer-reviewed articles obtained from Google Scholar, ERIC, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating role play as an instructional technique targeting speaking skills in EFL or ESL contexts. Findings reveal that role play consistently and significantly improves key speaking components including fluency, accuracy, pronunciation, vocabulary, and confidence. Additionally, role play reduces speaking anxiety and promotes a more communicative and interactive learning environment. This review also identifies moderating factors such as class size, student proficiency level, and teacher facilitation quality that influence role play effectiveness. These findings suggest that role play is a highly effective pedagogical strategy for improving speaking competence, particularly in EFL contexts, and its systematic integration into curriculum design is strongly recommended.

This study examines the relationship between organizational culture and the sustainability of public service innovation within government bureaucracy. Although many public service innovations show positive results in the initial stages, many do not sustain in the long term. This indicates the presence of fundamental factors affecting innovation sustainability, one of which is organizational culture. Organizational culture plays a role in shaping the behavior, values, and work methods of civil servants in providing services to the public. This study aims to analyze the role of organizational culture in supporting or hindering the sustainability of public service innovations. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study analyzes 20 relevant scientific articles from 2002 to 2025. The results indicate that hierarchical, rigid, and administratively-oriented organizational cultures hinder innovation sustainability. Other factors such as low leadership support, limited incentives, and resistance to change also strengthen these barriers. Conversely, an open, collaborative, and adaptive organizational culture to change enhances the likelihood of innovation sustainability. In conclusion, the success of public service innovations is greatly influenced by the organizational culture underlying the behavior of civil servants. Therefore, transforming organizational culture to be more innovative and adaptive is a strategic step to strengthen the sustainability of innovation.

Planning and improving the performance of educational organizations is a strategic issue that requires a managerial approach integrated with psychological aspects. This study aims to examine and synthesize factors influencing organizational performance through a management psychology approach. The method used was a qualitative systematic literature review design for scientific articles from 2022–2025 obtained from Google Scholar. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation and article selection based on inclusion criteria, resulting in seven articles for analysis. Data analysis used a thematic approach to identify patterns and relationships between findings. The results showed that organizational performance improvement is influenced by three main factors: structured human resource planning, effective organizational communication, and transformational leadership and work motivation as psychological factors. These findings indicate that integration between structural and psychological aspects plays a crucial role in improving organizational effectiveness. In conclusion, a management approach that integrates planning and psychological factors can improve the performance of educational organizations sustainably.

This article examines honor killing in North Africa as a form of gender-based violence rooted in family honor, patriarchal control, and social change that has not yet produced a stable new order. The research employs normative legal methods through statutory, case, and comparative criminal law approaches across three representative jurisdictions, namely Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The primary legal materials include criminal provisions on homicide, adultery, mitigating excuses, and the protection of women, with particular attention to Article 237 of the Egyptian Penal Code, Articles 418 and 491 of the Moroccan Penal Code, the repeal history of Article 207 of the Tunisian Penal Code, Article 236 of the Tunisian Penal Code, and Law No. 58 of 2017 on Eliminating Violence Against Women. The findings show that honor in this region operates as a social mechanism for regulating women’s bodies, sexuality, mobility, and life choices, reinforced by community pressure, reputational stigma, and family-based moral legitimacy. Social transition does not remove this logic; instead, it reshapes conflict and diversifies forms of control, ranging from threats, confinement, coercion, and the criminalization of sexual morality to homicide itself. On the legal plane, Egypt and Morocco still retain norms that soften criminal responses in certain situations linked to adultery, whereas Tunisia has moved in a more progressive direction by abolishing explicit mitigation and strengthening protection for women, even though the regulation of sexual morality has not been fully abandoned.