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This study aims to analyze the relationship between epistemology and scientific logic in the development of scientific knowledge using a library research approach by reviewing relevant literature in the fields of philosophy of science, theory of knowledge, and principles of scientific logic. The findings indicate that epistemology serves as a philosophical foundation for understanding the origin, structure, and validity of knowledge, while scientific logic functions as a systematic tool that guides reasoning in constructing rational and consistent scientific truth. Both have a complementary relationship, where epistemology provides a normative framework for determining the criteria of knowledge validity, and scientific logic ensures that the reasoning process is structured, coherent, and free from fallacies. Therefore, the integration of epistemology and scientific logic plays a crucial role in producing scientific knowledge that is objective, measurable, and academically accountable, while also enhancing the overall quality and credibility of the scientific process.

Cattle farming plays a strategic role in rural economic development by generating employment, supplementary household income, and contributing to food and nutritional security. However, in Indonesia, most smallholder cattle enterprises remain traditional and small-scale, leading farmers to treat livestock farming primarily as a secondary livelihood. While previous studies have largely focused on technical adoption and production performance, limited attention has been given to farmers’ psychological interest as a foundation for sustaining livestock enterprises. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the level of community interest in cattle farming and examine the influence of farmers’ characteristics (age, education level, herd size, number of family dependents, farming experience, and primary income) on such interest. A quantitative survey was conducted involving 34 cattle farmers in Taji Village, Jabung District, Malang Regency, selected using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that community interest in cattle farming is generally high, as reflected in emotional (3.93), cognitive (3.81), and conative (3.74) dimensions measured on a four-point Likert scale. Regression results indicate that age has a significant positive effect (p = 0.022), whereas farming experience has a significant negative effect (p = 0.025) on interest levels. Other variables show no statistically significant influence. These findings highlight that psychological engagement in cattle farming is shaped more by demographic and experiential factors than by formal education or income level. The study contributes to the literature by positioning interest as a psychological determinant of livestock sustainability. Policy implications emphasize the urgency of risk-mitigation extension programs to address farmer burnout, incentivized intergenerational knowledge transfer, and cooperative-based institutional support to ensure smallholder livestock sustainability.

Breastfeeding should ideally begin immediately after birth and be provided exclusively for the first six months of life. However, in 2022, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–6 months in Jayapura was only 21%, which remains far below the national target of 45%. Various factors contribute to this low coverage, including limited knowledge, lack of experience, insufficient support systems, and concerns among adolescent mothers that breastfeeding may interfere with their education or employment. This study aimed to explore the breastfeeding experiences of adolescent mothers in Wahno Village, Abepura Subdistrict. A qualitative research design was used, with structured interviews conducted using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the initiation of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers was generally positive. Participants reported mixed emotional experiences, including feelings of happiness, pride, stress, and discomfort. Family support, particularly from husbands, played an important role in sustaining breastfeeding practices. Most respondents also demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding how to manage breastfeeding-related challenges. Overall, adolescent mothers in Wahno Village showed a reasonable level of understanding and commitment toward exclusive breastfeeding. Continued education and support are recommended to further strengthen breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers and their families.

This community service article discusses the Student Creativity Program (PKM) Workshop for Informatics Management students of Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya in 2026. The activity aimed to increase students’ capacity to design PKM ideas that are creative, logical, collaborative, and relevant to the problems of society and technology development. The method used a participatory workshop consisting of needs identification, material preparation, online implementation, discussion, idea clinic, and follow-up reflection. The workshop introduced the substance of PKM, proposal logic, theme selection, team collaboration, and the PKM-GFT scheme as a written futuristic idea that emphasizes visionary, realistic, solution-oriented, long-term, and broad-impact concepts. The results showed that students obtained a clearer understanding of PKM schemes, the characteristics of feasible ideas, and the importance of transforming simple observations into structured proposals. The activity also encouraged students to prepare ideas based on problems, novelty, benefits, and implementation logic. This workshop implies that continuous mentoring is needed to strengthen students’ proposal-writing skills, creativity, and competitiveness in PKM submission

This community service activity aimed to strengthen the readiness of outstanding students of State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya in the Pilmapres 2026 selection through structured mentoring on achievement portfolio, innovative product, and English presentation. The program was designed as a participatory capacity-building activity involving needs identification, portfolio clinic, innovative product mentoring, English communication practice, presentation simulation, and reflective evaluation. The activity was implemented through technical meetings, document review, discussion, presentation practice, and feedback sessions involving students, supervisors, and institutional stakeholders. The results indicate that the mentoring process helped students organize evidence of achievement, sharpen the problem-solution logic of their innovative products, improve presentation confidence, and understand the assessment orientation of Pilmapres. Documentation of the activity shows the stages of preparation, selection, product presentation, and award ceremony. The program implies that continuous institutional mentoring is essential to build an ecosystem of student achievement, innovation, and English communication competence in vocational higher education.Keywords: Pilmapres; outstanding student; portfolio; innovative product; English presentation

This study examines the Dayak Ngaju Palui oral story as an object of anecdotal text by analyzing its structure, building elements, linguistic rules, and implied meanings. The research focuses on identifying the structure of anecdotal texts in Palui stories, the elements that construct the stories, the linguistic features used, and the meanings implied within them. The study aims to describe these aspects as part of Dayak Ngaju oral literature. A qualitative descriptive method was used to explain the anecdotal texts in depth. The data consisted of six Palui stories: Palui Tulak Namuei, Bapa Palui Tulak Mambuwu, Bapa Palui Tunggu Parei, Bapa Palui Mananjaru Indu Palui, Indu Palui Buhau bara Huma, and Palui Tulak Mamisi. The findings show that all six stories contain complete anecdotal text structures, including abstraction, orientation, crisis, reaction, and coda. The humorous and satirical elements appear mainly in the crisis and reaction sections, distinguishing them from other text structures. The stories are also supported by clear building elements, such as theme, characters, setting, plot, and point of view.

This study examines the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk during the 2023–2025 period by evaluating key financial indicators, namely the Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). The study aims to assess the company's financial condition and analyze the impact of its business transformation strategy on financial performance. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using secondary data obtained from the company's published annual financial reports. Data analysis focused on comparing financial ratio trends over the three-year period to evaluate liquidity, solvency, and profitability performance. The findings indicate that the company's financial performance experienced fluctuations during the business transformation process. Liquidity and solvency gradually improved toward the end of the observation period, reflecting stronger short-term financial capability and a healthier capital structure. Profitability also demonstrated increased efficiency in utilizing company assets, although changes in equity returns indicated adjustments in capital management during the transformation process. Overall, the implementation of the company's transformation strategy contributed positively to strengthening financial performance and improving resilience in responding to changing business conditions and market competition. This study provides useful insights for management, investors, and other stakeholders in evaluating the effectiveness of corporate transformation strategies through financial ratio analysis and highlights the importance of maintaining financial stability to support sustainable business growth.

Needle Stick Injury (NSI) is a serious occupational hazard among healthcare workers due to the risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens. A preliminary study at Puskesmas X found that 60% of healthcare workers had experienced NSI. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between work standards, skills, and training with the incidence of NSI among healthcare workers (nurses and midwives) at Puskesmas X, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. A total sampling technique was used, resulting in 37 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests. The results showed majority of respondents were aged 26–34 years (67.6%), female (81.1%), and had experienced NSI (73.0%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between work standards (p = 0.018), skills (p < 0.001), and training (p = 0.014) with NSI incidence. Poor work standards, inadequate clinical skills, and limited participation in training were strongly associated with higher rates of NSI. Community health centers are recommended to implement regular occupational safety training programs to improve the technical skills of healthcare workers.

Needle Stick Injury (NSI) is a serious occupational hazard among healthcare workers due to the risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens. A preliminary study at Puskesmas X found that 60% of healthcare workers had experienced NSI. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between work standards, skills, and training with the incidence of NSI among healthcare workers (nurses and midwives) at Puskesmas X, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. A total sampling technique was used, resulting in 37 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests. The results showed majority of respondents were aged 26–34 years (67.6%), female (81.1%), and had experienced NSI (73.0%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between work standards (p = 0.018), skills (p < 0.001), and training (p = 0.014) with NSI incidence. Poor work standards, inadequate clinical skills, and limited participation in training were strongly associated with higher rates of NSI. Community health centers are recommended to implement regular occupational safety training programs to improve the technical skills of healthcare workers.

This study aims to develop a strategy for developing praise and worship services through a deeper biblical theology of Psalm 150, as a fundamental solution for congregational growth at YHS Eka Sinta Church in Kapuas Regency. The main premise of this study is based on the crucial disconnect between contemporary church music practices, which tend to be performative, and the essence of the doxology authoritatively contained in the text Scripture. By integrating descriptive qualitative methods and an exegetical biblical theology approach, this study explores the imperative meaning and poetic structure of Psalm 150 and then engages them in intercultural dialogue with the sociocultural context of local churches in Kalimantan. The results reveal that the biblical theology Psalm 150 emphasizes the totality of instrumental use and the universality of the subject of praise as an absolute reflection of God's sovereignty and might. Field findings indicate that the effectiveness of music services is often hampered by technical limitations and theological shallowness of liturgical ministers. This study concludes that healthy congregational growth, both in terms of spiritual quality and quantity, is rooted in the extent to which the church able to actualize biblical theological values ​​in expressions of praise that are relevant and resonate with the cultural background and local identity of its congregation. The resulting strategy offers a holistic ministry model, in which church music returns to its essential function as an instrument of faith transformation and a means of growing the Kingdom of God, adaptively yet faithful to the biblical text.

Introduction: Smartphone use has increased substantially in higher education and is widely used by university students for both academic and non-academic activities. Prolonged smartphone use combined with poor posture may increase mechanical load on cervical structures and lead to neck pain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between smartphone use and neck pain intensity among students at IKES Suaka Insan. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 55 undergraduate nursing and physiotherapy students selected using cluster sampling. Smartphone use was assessed using a structured questionnaire, while neck pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlation test. Results: The analysis showed a weak negative association between smartphone use and neck pain intensity (r = -0.16), with a p-value of 0.20 (>0.05), indicating no statistically significant relationship. Conclusion: There was no significant association between smartphone use and neck pain intensity among students. Future studies should include ergonomic posture and duration of smartphone use as additional variables.

Mangrove forests are high-value coastal ecosystems that have the potential to be developed as sustainable ecotourism destinations. This study aims to analyze the development of Mangrove Forest Tourism in Kampung Kayu Ara Permai, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency based on the three pillars of sustainable tourism of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), namely environmental, economic, and socio-cultural sustainability. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through literature studies and semi-structured interviews with regional managers. The results of the study show that this area has a good mangrove ecosystem with nine species and an average Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) of 76.89% (Suitable/S2 category). From an economic perspective, eight non-timber forest products (NTFPs) downstream products and community-based homestay models have created an equitable distribution of benefits for residents. The socio-cultural dimension is supported by the authenticity of the coastal Malay tradition that is still preserved. However, the three dimensions face challenges in the form of the absence of protection regulations, the absence of a government fixed budget, and low public participation in management evaluation. This study recommends the issuance of regional regulations, the establishment of tourism BUMDes, and the strengthening of community participation as the foundation for sustainable ecotourism development.  

This study aims to examine the cyber policies implemented by the Indonesian government in light of the impact of digital technology developments on the younger generation, with a view toward achieving inclusive and youth-friendly governance. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using a critical discourse analysis approach based on van Dijk’s perspective. The research was conducted in three stages: data collection, data analysis, and presentation of results. The data source for this study is Law No. 1 of 2024. The data consists of structured documents collected using the read, observe, and record technique. The results indicate that the cyber policies in Law No. 1 of 2024 mark a shift from a reactive to a proactive approach by prioritizing child protection. This policy expands the scope of protection to include personal data, privacy, and child safety in the digital space, while also affirming the responsibilities of Electronic System Operators. The research findings are expected to enrich understanding of the importance of a policy communication model that is creative, transparent, participatory, and responsive in fostering literacy and critical awareness regarding the use of information technology. Thus, this research is expected to contribute to supporting the realization of a more inclusive digital space governance that is youth-friendly and aligned with the strengthening of moral values and social ethics in community life.  

Background: Low immunization coverage and exclusive breastfeeding coverage are problems in various regions. This program is caused by a lack of maternal knowledge and family support. This problem increases the risk of infection, growth disorders, and impacts the health status of infants. Therefore, the IMASI MOVEMENT (Immunization and Exclusive Breastfeeding Movement) is needed to increase community knowledge and participation regarding infant and toddler health. Method: The methods used include interactive counseling, demonstrations of breastfeeding techniques according to the pink book (KIA), distribution of leaflets, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. Evaluation was carried out on aspects of structure, process, results, and impact of the activity. Results: The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge scores by ?50–60% after education. Participant attendance reached ?85% of the target, and there was an increase in participation in integrated health post activities compared to the previous month. Discussion: The increase in knowledge scores in the post-test results compared to the pre-test indicates that the educational intervention is effective in increasing mothers' understanding of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and the importance of immunization. These findings indicate that community-based health education is an effective strategy to improve maternal health literacy and has the potential to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization. Conclusion: This program has proven effective in increasing awareness and health behavior of mothers and toddlers as an effort to prevent stunting and infectious diseases.

Introduction: Smartphone use has increased substantially in higher education and is widely used by university students for both academic and non-academic activities. Prolonged smartphone use combined with poor posture may increase mechanical load on cervical structures and lead to neck pain. This study aimed to examine the relationship between smartphone use and neck pain intensity among students at IKES Suaka Insan. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 55 undergraduate nursing and physiotherapy students selected using cluster sampling. Smartphone use was assessed using a structured questionnaire, while neck pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rho correlation test. Results: The analysis showed a weak negative association between smartphone use and neck pain intensity (r = -0.16), with a p-value of 0.20 (>0.05), indicating no statistically significant relationship. Conclusion: There was no significant association between smartphone use and neck pain intensity among students. Future studies should include ergonomic posture and duration of smartphone use as additional variables.

The phenomenon of infinite scrolling in digital media reflects a fundamental shift in how modern individuals experience spirituality in the digital era. The continuous flow of information creates new spaces for the search for meaning, including the human relationship with the Divine, while simultaneously introducing challenges in the form of constant distraction that disrupts deep reflection. This study aims to analyze how infinite scrolling contributes to a crisis of spiritual awareness and how digital technology functions as an ambivalent space between distraction and reflection. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach, using relevant academic literature and religious documents. The findings indicate that intensive digital engagement reduces opportunities for contemplation, weakens reflective capacity, and produces shallow and fragmented spiritual experiences. However, digital technology also provides broad access to spiritual resources that can be used constructively. This study concludes that the crisis of spiritual awareness in the digital era is influenced not only by individual factors but also by technological structures shaping human attention. Therefore, digital literacy that includes ethical and spiritual dimensions is essential to ensure technology supports the search for meaning.  

Radiological examination is a diagnostic supporting procedure aimed at visualizing the internal structures of the human body to assist in establishing a diagnosis. One of the examinations performed is the Acromioclavicular Joint examination, which is used to identify abnormalities of the acromioclavicular joint. This study aims to compare the imaging results of the Acromioclavicular Joint using the anteroposterior (AP) projection with a 3 kg weight and the AP projection without a weight. The study was conducted at the Radiology Laboratory of STIKES Boneo Nusantara, Diploma III Radiology Study Program, using a conventional radiography unit and a quantitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires. The results showed that the examination using a 3 kg weight produced clearer Acromioclavicular Joint images than the examination performed without a weight. The difference was reflected in the improved visualization of the anatomical structures, thereby facilitating a more accurate assessment of the joint. This study concludes that the use of a 3 kg weight in the AP projection provides superior imaging results by enhancing the visualization of the anatomy of the shoulder joint, thereby potentially improving the accuracy of the radiological evaluation of the Acromioclavicular Joint.

Radiological examination is a diagnostic supporting procedure aimed at visualizing the internal structures of the human body to assist in establishing a diagnosis. One of the examinations performed is the Acromioclavicular Joint examination, which is used to identify abnormalities of the acromioclavicular joint. This study aims to compare the imaging results of the Acromioclavicular Joint using the anteroposterior (AP) projection with a 3 kg weight and the AP projection without a weight. The study was conducted at the Radiology Laboratory of STIKES Boneo Nusantara, Diploma III Radiology Study Program, using a conventional radiography unit and a quantitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires. The results showed that the examination using a 3 kg weight produced clearer Acromioclavicular Joint images than the examination performed without a weight. The difference was reflected in the improved visualization of the anatomical structures, thereby facilitating a more accurate assessment of the joint. This study concludes that the use of a 3 kg weight in the AP projection provides superior imaging results by enhancing the visualization of the anatomy of the shoulder joint, thereby potentially improving the accuracy of the radiological evaluation of the Acromioclavicular Joint.

This study aims to examine the implementation of Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (ISAK) 335 in the financial management of non-profit foundations in Tanah Datar Regency, particularly in Rambatan and Sungai Tarab Districts. The study employed a qualitative case study approach using semi-structured interviews with financial managers from four foundations: Yayasan SLB Az-Zahra, Yayasan Darul Ulum/Darul Hafazah, Yayasan Daarut Tahfidz Al-Sulaiman, and Yayasan Jabal Rahmah. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the level of ISAK 335 implementation and the factors affecting its adoption. The findings reveal that none of the foundations have implemented ISAK 335 in preparing their financial statements. The main obstacles include the limited availability of personnel with accounting expertise, simple bookkeeping practices focused only on cash inflows and outflows, inadequate understanding of accounting standards for non-profit entities, and dependence on a single source of operational funding. Consequently, the financial statements do not comply with applicable accounting standards, resulting in low levels of transparency, accountability, and financial information quality. This study recommends enhancing the capacity of financial managers through training, gradually adopting ISAK 335, utilizing digital bookkeeping systems, and diversifying funding sources to strengthen accountable financial governance and ensure organizational sustainability.

This study aims to analyze the management of young preacher (dai cilik) training in developing students’ preaching skills at SD IT Al-Washliyah Kelambir Lima Medan using a management function approach (*planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling*). This study employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of the principal and teachers responsible for the young preacher training program. The collected data were analyzed systematically to describe the implementation of management functions in the young preacher training activities and their contribution to the development of students’ preaching skills. The results showed that planning was carried out through the development of a practice-based preaching curriculum, organizing was implemented through task allocation and regular scheduling, implementation focused on *public speaking* practice, sermon material preparation, and moral development, while evaluation was conducted periodically through student performance assessments. The implementation of this systematic training management contributed to the improvement of students’ preaching skills in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. These findings indicate that management functions applied in a structured manner play a strategic role in supporting the development of students’ preaching competencies at the elementary school level. Furthermore, continuous training provides opportunities for students to enhance their self-confidence, communication skills, and readiness to effectively deliver Islamic preaching messages