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This study aims to explore the process of digital transformation and innovative strategies adopted by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the context of the digital economy. The research focuses on understanding how micro MSME actors adopt digital technology, the challenges they face, and the implications for business independence and competitiveness. A qualitative descriptive approach with a single case study design was employed, focusing on one micro culinary MSME in Medan City. Data were collected through in depth interviews, direct observation, and digital documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings indicate that the use of social media for marketing purposes has increased business visibility and expanded customer reach at the local level. However, digital transformation remains at an early stage, constrained by limited capital, low digital literacy, and the lack of integrated digital business systems. These results suggest that digital transformation in micro MSMEs is a gradual and context dependent process that requires strong ecosystem support to enhance sustainable business independence and competitiveness. This study contributes to the literature by providing qualitative empirical insights into digital transformation at the micro enterprise level.

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability as proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), solvency as proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and liquidity as proxied by Current Ratio (CR) on firm value as proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV) in the Indonesian food and beverage sector. The study focuses on the 2019-2023 period, a timeframe uniquely defined by the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and its initial recovery phase. The research method employed is a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consists of 10 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), selected through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 50 firm-year observations. The results indicate that both partially and simultaneously, the variables of profitability, solvency, and liquidity have a significant positive influence on firm value. This finding suggests that during a period of systemic crisis, the capital market places a valuation premium on companies that can demonstrate holistic and comprehensive signals of financial health. The novelty of this research lies in its contextualization of the dynamic role of financial ratios as crucial signals amidst an unprecedented economic shock. This study provides an empirical explanation for why investors prioritized stability and resilience, thereby reconciling conflicting findings in prior literature regarding the impact of liquidity on firm value.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Market Value Added (MVA), Price Book Value (PBV), and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on stock prices of telecommunication subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. The research employed a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consisted of three companies, PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk, PT Indosat Tbk, and PT XL Axiata Tbk, selected through purposive sampling. The results show that MVA and PBV have a significant positive effect on stock prices, while TATO has no significant effect. Simultaneously, MVA, PBV, and TATO significantly influence stock prices with a determination coefficient of 68.3%. These findings indicate that investors place greater emphasis on value-added and market perception indicators rather than asset efficiency in making investment decisions within the telecommunication subsector. This study provides practical implications for company management to enhance value creation through innovation and strategic asset management, as well as academic contributions to enrich the literature on stock price determinants in the Indonesian capital market.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Total Asset Turnover (TATO) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on stock prices at PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the period 2014 to 2023. This research uses a quantitative approach with an associative type of research. The data used is secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial statements and the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression, preceded by classical assumption tests to validate the model. The results show that partially, DER has a significant effect on stock prices, while TATO does not have a significant effect. However, simultaneously, both TATO and DER have a significant influence on stock prices. This indicates that the company’s capital structure plays an important role in influencing stock value in the capital market. Therefore, it is recommended that company management be more prudent in managing debt and improving asset utilization efficiency to attract investors and maintain the company’s stock price stability in the market.

Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in economic growth, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). One of the main factors for entrepreneurial success is the effective implementation of the marketing mix. This paper discusses the concept of the marketing mix in entrepreneurship by highlighting the 4P elements (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) which have evolved into 7P with the addition of People, Process, and Physical Evidence. The discussion includes the implementation of the marketing mix, strategies for facing business challenges, and its impact on competitiveness and business growth. This study highlights how entrepreneurs can optimize marketing elements through product innovation, value-based pricing strategies, the use of digitalization in distribution, as well as social media-based promotion and marketing technology. Additionally, this paper reviews various challenges in the implementation of the marketing mix, such as limited capital, intense competition, and changes in consumer behavior, as well as adaptation strategies through guerrilla marketing, strategic partnerships, and data-driven approaches. The findings in this study indicate that the application of a flexible and innovative marketing mix can enhance business competitiveness and sustainability. By understanding the relationship between the marketing mix and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs can develop more effective marketing strategies to face the ever-evolving market dynamics.

One of the most important instruments in economics is the sharia market which offers alternative investment options in accordance with Islamic sharia principles. The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of the Indonesian sharia market, the mechanisms involved, and the potential and challenges faced during its development. The method used in this study is a literature study using qualitative descriptive analysis, namely analyzing various factors, laws, and current developments related to the sharia market. The findings of this study indicate that the Indonesian sharia market has experienced significant growth due to stricter regulations from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI). However, there are still several problems in this market, such as the lack of public understanding of sharia principles and gaps in available sharia products. Nevertheless, the Indonesian sharia capital market has a lot of potential, including the ability to increase public awareness of sharia investment and the various investment products available.

Telkomsel is the leading provider of cellular telecommunications services in Indonesia based on market share. At the end of March 2008, Telkomsel had 51.3 million subscribers, which based on industry statistics represents an estimated market share of almost 51%. Telkomsel provides GSM cellular services in Indonesia, nationally via the dual band GSM network 900/1800 MHz and internationally via 288 international roaming partners in 155 countries (at the end of 2007. The aim of this research is to analyze the company's condition by looking at the financial ratios that describe company performance and analysis of the company's optimal capital structure. The data in this research is secondary data originating from the Central Statistics Agency, the Agency for the Application and Assessment of Technology, the Directorate General of Posts and Telecommunications and the Directorate General of Telematics Applications, Department of Communications and Information Technology. Data used in This research is data about the condition of the cellular telecommunications industry in Indonesia which includes expenditure, infrastructure, customers, human resources (labor). Data was taken from company condition reports (annual reports) PT. Telkomsel, PT. Indosat , and PT Excelcomindo for the quarterly period 2005-2008.

This research was carried out based on data saying that Elzatta in the period from year to year experienced an increase in percentage as the brand with the best quality, it's just that in 2019 it experienced a slight decrease in numbers, this might have been due to the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the Indonesian nation at that time and of course slightly affected the brand process at Elzatta. Thus, based on the results of the initial observations and analysis above, which found a uniqueness in Elzatta using a sharia marketing strategy for their products, the researcher was compelled to describe this phenomenon, namely related to the Islamic marketing strategy implemented by the Elzatta store so that it continues to exist in the face of real world business competition This research uses a type of qualitative research by using data collection methods in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. The technique of analyzing the data is by filtering the data, presenting the data, and cross-checking the data. While testing the validity of the data is done using triangulation techniques. The results of this study found that: 1. Elzatta's product sharia marketing strategy was carried out with three main strategies, namely: (1) Market segmentation; (2) Targeting and Positioning; and (3) combination strategy which includes: strategy in maintaining the product; price range strategy; strategy in choosing a point of sale; strategy in the field of product promotion; strategy in HR management; strategy in the easy shopping process; strategy in the marketing process through social media. 2. Supporting factors for the sharia marketing strategy for Elzatta products are due to several factors, namely: Maintaining service quality; Understanding customer needs and company needs through SWOT analysis; Neat employee appearance; Responsiveness in helping customers online/offline; Providing supplies/training to employees/SPG; Sensitivity to the development of global business competition. 3. The inhibiting factors for Elzatta's sharia marketing strategy are internal and external factors. Internal reasons, including: capital, promotion constraints in the field. Meanwhile, these external factors include: price competition and the promotion strategy of Elzatta Jambi's competitors.