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The debate concerning the relationship between faith (īmān) and deeds (ʿamal) constitutes one of the central issues in the history of Islamic theology, generating diverse perspectives among theological schools. This study aims to comparatively analyze the epistemology of deeds in three classical Islamic theological traditions: Khawarij, Murji’ah, and Ahlussunnah. The research employs a qualitative approach using the integrative literature review method, examining classical works of ʿilm al-kalām alongside contemporary academic studies. The data were analyzed through data reduction, thematic categorization, and comparative analysis to identify differences in the epistemological frameworks used to understand the relationship between faith and deeds. The findings indicate that the Khawarij developed a textual–legalistic epistemology that considers deeds an essential component of faith, thereby viewing perpetrators of major sins as having exited the state of faith. In contrast, the Murji’ah developed a theological–rational epistemology that separates faith from deeds and postpones judgment regarding major sinners to God’s ultimate decision. Meanwhile, Ahlussunnah formulated an integrative epistemology that combines belief in the heart, verbal affirmation, and deeds within the structure of faith without declaring major sinners as unbelievers. This study highlights that differences in the concept of deeds in Islamic theology are not merely doctrinal but also reflect distinct epistemological frameworks in interpreting religious sources. The findings contribute conceptually to the study of ʿilm al-kalām by offering a comparative mapping of the epistemology of deeds across three major theological traditions in Islam.

This study examines the concept of repentance (taubah) as the foundation of moral pedagogy through a thematic interpretation approach to the Hadith Qudsi and classical and contemporary Islamic scholarly literature. The study employed a qualitative method based on literature review, examining the meaning, values, and educational implications of the teachings of repentance. The results of the study indicate that repentance is not merely understood as a spiritual act of seeking forgiveness, but as a holistic educational process. This process encompasses self-awareness (ma'rifah) of mistakes, deep regret (nadam), a strong determination not to repeat them ('azm), and concrete behavioral change ('amal). From an Islamic educational perspective, the values ​​of repentance play a crucial role in fostering moral responsibility, self-reflection, the habituation of good deeds, and a commitment to continuous self-improvement. The integration of repentance values ​​into learning can be realized through a character-based curriculum, reflective methods, strengthening worship practices, and moral development. Thus, repentance becomes an essential instrument in shaping a perfect human being who is faithful, has noble character, and possesses social awareness.     Kata kunci: Taubat, Hadis Qudsi, Pedagogi Moral, Pendidikan Islam, dan karakter.

In today's digital era, social media has developed into a major platform for networking, sharing information and communicating. Toxic is behavior on social media that is described as destructive, hostile, and embarrassing. Conflict, societal divisions, and psychological harm can all result from this practice. This study uses a thematic method with a thematic approach. The results of this study discuss from the perspective of hadith which refers to the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad, there are guidelines and standards that can help individuals deal with harmful social media. This journal will look at the negative effects of social media from a hadith point of view, emphasizing the meaning and application of hadiths. In the results of his research, it is hoped that people will become more aware of the harmful effects of toxic social media and take steps to reduce destructive behavior and promote inclusive and healthy communication by taking into account the principles and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.

Sufism should not be interpreted as an activity solely focused on withdrawing from the world. Instead, Sufism should be utilized as a motivation for every Muslim to seek worldly wealth. However, this worldly wealth should ultimately be used to accumulate good deeds for the hereafter. Prophetic Intelligence is a Sufi study that can be used to integrate the interests of both the worldly and the hereafter. The practice of Sufism in Prophetic Intelligence refers to the example set by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). On one hand, he was the Messenger of Allah carrying out duties for the hereafter, and on the other hand, he was a merchant demonstrating how to be a successful entrepreneur in the world. The example of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) serves as a model of entrepreneurial ethics.