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Education plays a pivotal role in Indonesia's national development, as it significantly impacts the quality of human resources. Consequently, the government prioritizes education by aiming to develop students who are devoted to God Almighty, knowledgeable, and possess noble character. Educational personnel, particularly school principals, hold a strategic position in achieving these objectives. A school principal's leadership is essential in managing educational resources, collaborating with teachers and staff, and guiding students toward learning goals. In a decentralized education system, principals function as top administrators with multiple roles, including manager, supervisor, educator, leader, innovator, and motivator. However, educational challenges often stem from distortions in meaning and practice, which contribute to declining education quality. As the primary agent of school leadership, the principal must demonstrate professional competence to identify school needs, empower existing resources, and involve the community in achieving educational goals. The concept of modern schools—such as model and exemplary schools—has emerged in response to society’s demand for quality education. In this context, the school principal is required to lead with strategic planning, administrative effectiveness, and inspiring leadership to ensure school success and student achievement. This study explores the multifaceted role of the school principal in improving educational quality, emphasizing their responsibilities in management, leadership, educational support, and administration. It concludes that professional and competent principals are essential for shaping a school environment conducive to educational excellence and preparing competitive human resources in the global era.

This Classroom Action Research aimed to enhance the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN Pakis 01 Surabaya in understanding the multiplication of whole numbers up to 100. The study involved 27 students. Data was collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The cooperative learning model, Teams Games Tournament (TGT), was implemented. Results indicated a significant improvement in students' mathematics achievement, particularly in multiplication, following the implementation of TGT. The percentage of students achieving mastery increased from 37.04% in the pre-cycle to 85.19% in Cycle II. This substantial improvement suggests that TGT effectively created an active, collaborative, and engaging learning environment, motivating students to participate more actively in the learning process. Furthermore, there was a notable increase in the class average across cycles. The implementation of TGT successfully achieved the research objective of enhancing students' understanding of the multiplication concept. Therefore, it is recommended that the TGT model be considered as an alternative to improve the quality of mathematics education in elementary schools.    

This research was conducted to improve students' reading and writing skills. Because the ability to read and write the beginning is still very low. The use of multiple methods as a solution to be used in the learning process is a strategy to be able to achieve learning objectives. This research method is based on Classroom Action Research (PTK) which in the process carries out several stages including planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subject of this study is a student of 1st grade SDN 2 Sodong. The data collection technique uses a qualitative descriptive approach and is presented in tabular form. The research was conducted in 2 cycles, cycle 1 showed the results that the completeness of beginning reading was 46% and the completeness of beginning writing was 38.4%. In Cycle 2 there was a very significant change with reading and writing completeness of 85%. Thus, the use of multi-methods is proven to improve reading and writing skills in grade 1.