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This study aims to analyze environmentally based science learning as an effort to enhance ecological awareness among elementary/Islamic elementary school (SD/MI) students through a literature review approach. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining reputable scientific articles published between 2020 and 2026. Data were collected through documentation, with literature selected using purposive sampling based on topic relevance, while data analysis utilized content analysis techniques to identify patterns, characteristics, and key findings across studies. The results indicate that environmentally based science learning is characterized by the integration of scientific concepts with real environmental contexts, the use of contextual approaches, and the application of active learning models such as problem-based learning, project-based learning, and inquiry learning. This approach has been proven to play a significant role in enhancing students’ ecological awareness, including knowledge, attitudes, and environmentally responsible behaviors. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited facilities, teacher competencies, and suboptimal integration into the curriculum. Additionally, research gaps remain, particularly regarding the lack of studies examining long-term impacts on students’ ecological behavior. Therefore, more innovative learning strategies and more comprehensive future research are needed.

This research focuses on the stylistic analysis of the balaghah poems Tughat Al-Ard and Hadzihi Al-Ardu Liljami' by Anis Shaushan. These two poems illustrate the role of literature as a medium and a resistance against injustice. The research focuses on Thibaq and Jinas in the balaghah in Anis Shaushan's two poems. Thibaq and Jinas are not merely rhetorical ornaments that beautify the language, but also serve to reinforce meaning, affirm moral values, and convey the message contained in the literary work. This study aims to identify the types of Thibaq and Jinas styles in Anis Shaushan's two poems and explain their function in beautifying the style and strengthening the meaning. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research methods. Data were obtained through documentation studies of poetry texts and classical balaghah literature. They were then analyzed using content analysis to systematically identify and interpret the forms and styles of language.The results show that in Anis Shaushan's two poems, six stanzas contain Thibaq and twelve stanzas contain Jinas. The types of thibaq used include thibaq ijabi and thibaq salbi, while the jinas found are all jinas naqis. The use of thibaq serves to highlight the conflict between tyranny and humanity and strengthens the moral message the poet wants to convey. Meanwhile, jinas is utilized to create beautiful sound, rhythm, and emotional emphasis that deepen the meaning of the poem. These two styles of language are not only aesthetic elements, but also play an important role in emphasizing the values ​​of humanity, justice, and resistance to tyranny through the power of beautiful and meaningful language. The researcher hopes that the results of this study can complement existing studies and become a foundation for further research so that it can be developed better and more in-depth in the future.

There is growing concern over the fading of local cultural traditions due to the influence of globalization; therefore, a scientific study is needed to understand the functions, meanings, and roles of the Pacu Jalur tradition in community life. This research aims to examine the existence of the Pacu Jalur tradition in Sungai Pinang Village as a form of local cultural heritage that continues to survive amid modernization and social change. The study employs a qualitative approach using interviews, observations, and documentation to obtain in-depth data from various informants. The findings indicate that Pacu Jalur has multidimensional functions, including ritual, entertainment, moral education, economic, as well as identity and social integration functions. This tradition not only strengthens social solidarity and cohesion within the community but also contributes to character building among the younger generation and enhances the local economy through cultural tourism. In conclusion, the Pacu Jalur tradition in Sungai Pinang Village remains strong and relevant, and therefore needs to be preserved sustainably through the support of both the community and the government so that it continues to live on and retain its significance for future generations.

Educational quality is a strategic issue that plays a crucial role in determining the competitiveness of human resources in the global era. The main factors influencing its achievement include effective leadership and the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM). However, previous studies reveal diverse approaches and findings that require a more comprehensive synthesis. Therefore, this article aims to systematically examine the role of leadership and quality management strategies in improving educational quality and to address the following questions: (1) how leadership contributes to the improvement of educational quality, and (2) how quality management strategies can be implemented to address global challenges. The method employed is a literature review through a systematic search of articles using Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP). The keywords “conflict resolution” and “quality leadership” were used to identify relevant literature. Out of 50 articles identified, 19 articles were selected based on publication year criteria (2022–2025), open-access availability, and topic relevance. The selected articles were then coded and categorized into thematic groups. The main findings reveal three dominant patterns: (1) visionary, transformational, and authentic leadership significantly influence educational quality; (2) TQM strategies serve as an innovative framework for quality improvement; and (3) a quality-oriented culture is essential in addressing global challenges. In conclusion, this synthesis emphasizes the importance of quality-based leadership and provides directions for future research related to the implementation of TQM in the digital era.

The integration of Western psychology and Islamic perspectives has become a significant issue in the development of contemporary knowledge and education. The rapid advancement of modern psychology requires synthesis with Islamic epistemology to provide a more contextual response to academic and practical needs, particularly in the areas of education, counseling, and character development. This article aims to address the research question: What are the trends in integrating Western psychology and Islamic perspectives in recent literature, and what are their implications for the theory and practice of Islamic education? This study employs a qualitative approach through a literature review method. Articles were collected via Google Scholar and Publish or Perish using the keywords “integration of psychology” AND “Islamic education.” From an initial pool of 40 articles, the screening process yielded 5 articles that met the criteria of publication year (2021–2025), topical relevance, and open access availability. The review reveals three main themes: (1) epistemological integration emphasizing the Islamization of knowledge; (2) the application of Islamic psychology in education, counseling, and curriculum development; and (3) conceptual and practical challenges in linking Western psychology with Islamic paradigms. This synthesis highlights the importance of integrative frameworks to enhance the relevance of Islamic psychology in academic and social contexts. Future studies should broaden empirical methodologies and further develop cross-disciplinary applied models.

The Selected Topics in Secondary School Mathematics course is a strategic subject in the mathematics education program, as it plays a crucial role in connecting mathematical theory with its application in secondary school teaching. However, various studies indicate that students often face difficulties in understanding this subject, particularly in mastering fundamental concepts, maintaining learning motivation, and applying concepts in instructional contexts. This study aims to identify effective learning strategies to overcome these challenges through a literature review approach. Data were collected from national and international journals published within the last five years, focusing on learning strategies and students’ learning difficulties. The findings reveal that the implementation of Project-Based Learning can enhance conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking skills, metacognitive-based strategies promote independent learning, the integration of character values strengthens motivation and academic ethics, and the use of interactive digital media facilitates the visualization of abstract concepts. This review concludes that the development of holistic, adaptive, and contextual learning strategies serves as an effective solution to address students’ difficulties in the Selected Topics in Secondary School Mathematics course while preparing them to become competent and character-driven future educators.

Reading and numeracy skills are the main foundations for the learning process, cognitive development, and student success in everyday life. However, in Indonesia, these two basic skills remain a serious challenge, particularly at the elementary school level. Based on the results of the 2023 National Assessment, 61.53% of students have not achieved minimum competency in reading literacy, and 46.67% have not met basic standards in numeracy. This condition reflects a significant gap between curriculum targets and actual achievements in the field. This low achievement is influenced by various factors, including uneven teacher quality and competence, limited educational infrastructure such as inadequate libraries, limited internet access, especially in remote areas, and disparities in literacy development between regions. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review method and analysis of empirical data from various sources, including government reports, national survey results, and previous research, to identify the root causes and formulate improvement strategies. The study results indicate that strengthening the foundations of basic education must be done through improving teacher competency, ongoing training, and updating teaching methods to be more contextual. The use of educational technology and digital media can be an innovative solution to expand access to quality learning, especially in areas with limited facilities. Furthermore, revitalizing school and community libraries, as well as strengthening community-based literacy programs, is considered capable of fostering a culture of reading and numeracy from an early age. With a comprehensive approach, collaboration between the government, schools, communities, and the private sector can create an inclusive, responsive, and sustainable education ecosystem. This joint effort is expected to reduce the literacy and numeracy achievement gap, while preparing a young generation that is capable, critical, and adaptive to future challenges.

This study analyzes Jalaluddin Rumi's poem “This Marriage” from a Sufi perspective, highlighting the spiritual dimension of marriage and divine love. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and stylistic analysis, this research explores how marriage is presented not only as a social union, but also as a path of inner purification and mystical union with God. Primary data is extracted from the translated text of the poem, while secondary sources include academic articles and works on symbolism, Sufism and the concept of love. Analysis reveals that Rumi employs spiritual metaphors such as fruit, shadow and paradise to illustrate the depth of sacred love in marriage. The notion of fana (annihilation of the ego) and baqa (spiritual perennity) is central, underlining marriage as a means to divine union (ittihad). This research contributes to a better understanding of the Sufi vision of conjugal love as a spiritual path. It is suggested that future studies include interdisciplinary analysis and other Sufi works to enrich interpretation.

This social project aims to instill character values and develop critical thinking skills among children at Insan Madani Orphanage, Blitar Regency. The program was designed as a form of community service by PGSD students of Nahdlatul Ulama University Blitar through an educational, interactive, and practical approach. Activities included seminars, discussions, educational games, poster-making, and hands-on projects such as planting vegetables. The method emphasized participatory learning to foster values such as responsibility, cooperation, and empathy, while simultaneously training logical, analytical, and reflective thinking skills. The results showed high enthusiasm and active participation from the children in each session. They were able to express ideas confidently and demonstrated improvement in understanding character concepts and critical thinking. The orphanage welcomed the program and expressed hope for future collaboration. For the students, this activity provided real-world experience in applying character education and nurturing social awareness. This program demonstrates that the synergy between character development and critical thinking training is essential to shaping a golden generation that is intellectually capable and morally grounded.

This study aims to analyze the impact of Distance Learning (PJJ) on the learning outcomes of elementary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. In its implementation, PJJ presents various challenges, including decreased learning outcomes (learning loss), lack of student involvement, low concentration, and limited learning facilities. Inhibiting factors such as access to technology, minimal parental guidance, and lack of motivation for independent learning also worsen the condition. However, various strategies have been implemented by teachers and parents to overcome these obstacles, ranging from variations in learning methods, strengthening communication, to creating a conducive learning environment. The results of the analysis show that collaboration between teachers and parents is very important in maintaining the quality of learning. This study also found a significant difference between learning outcomes before and during PJJ, where face-to-face learning tends to provide better results. This study recommends the need to strengthen educational infrastructure and increase the digital capacity of all elements of education as an effort to face similar challenges in the future.  

This study aims to describe the techniques used to develop early childhood language skills through play and social interaction activities at TK Alkafani, Aek Galoga. Language ability is a crucial aspect of early childhood development, serving as the foundation for communication and future learning. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The findings reveal that role-playing, symbolic play, singing, and shared reading are effective techniques in stimulating children's language skills. Interactions between children and teachers, as well as among peers, contribute positively to the improvement of vocabulary, sentence structure, and speaking abilities. Through enjoyable and interactive approaches, children become more active in expressing ideas and thoughts verbally. This study recommends the implementation of play and interaction-based techniques as appropriate language learning strategies tailored to the developmental characteristics of early childhood.

The advancement of information and communication technology has revolutionized educational paradigms, demanding the presence of innovative and contextual learning methods. One transformative approach that is increasingly being adopted in the context of elementary education is the Virtual Field Trip (VFT) a digital-based field trip simulation that allows students to explore various educational locations virtually. This article aims to thoroughly analyze the implementation of VFT in elementary-level learning using a qualitative approach based on grounded research and life-history methods. Through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and the analysis of digital and audiovisual documents, this study reveals three main findings:  (1) VFT can broaden students' horizons and sharpen their imagination by virtually bridging real learning experiences; (2) This approach enhances student engagement and enthusiasm through immersive visual and interactive presentations; and (3) Learning becomes more meaningful and contextual, as students can understand concepts directly and in an applied manner. The analysis shows that VFT is not only a pedagogical solution to physical and geographical limitations but also a strategic tool to promote critical thinking, global awareness, and cross-cultural understanding from an early age. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of VFT implementation is highly influenced by technological readiness, educators’ digital competence, as well as institutional and parental support. Therefore, a comprehensive and adaptive implementation strategy is needed to optimize the potential of VFT as an inclusive and sustainable future learning instrument in elementary schools.

Natural Sciences (IPA) are the knowledge of nature, including living things, dead objects, and processes that occur around it. Natural science is a branch of science that is very broad and includes physics, chemistry, biology, and the science of Earth and Space. This study aims to explore the importance of natural science (IPA) in basic education, focusing on developing scientific skills and understanding of natural phenomena. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. This approach aims to describe the phenomena that occur in science learning and analyze their effectiveness in increasing student understanding. The results showed that IPA learning has an important role in student daily lives. With an interdisciplinary approach that includes physics, chemistry, biology, and earth and space science, from the four IPA fields allow students to develop critical thinking skills and problem solving needed to face global challenges. Thus, natural science is very important in everyday life and also in understanding the relationship between humans and nature. Through a deep understanding of natural science, we can better appreciate the beauty of nature and play an active role in maintaining its sustainability for future generations.

A pension fund program is a crucial instrument in the social security system, playing a vital role in ensuring economic stability and financial well-being for individuals in their later years. This program is designed as a form of long-term financial planning aimed at providing protection for workers after they enter retirement. Through this, workers are promised structured benefits in the form of pension funds or allowances, ensuring sustainable income security. Long-term financial planning, particularly for retirement, has become an essential need in the modern economy. This research explores the implementation of actuarial approaches in pension fund calculations utilizing Python programming to enhance the calculation process. The research aims to determine the total promised pension funds allocated across the working period to calculate funding requirements more systematically. Simulated data is used to compare manual calculation results with Python-based estimations. Python is expected to provide additional efficiency in estimating future pension needs. The findings demonstrate that actuarial calculation methods, supported by programming technology, can enhance accuracy in projections and assist in determining the appropriate amount for pension fund programs.

Reading intelligence greatly affects students. The overall responsibility for developing an interest in reading in primary school children should rest with teachers at school, parents at home and students. One of the obstacles is the low interest of primary school students in reading. Because lack of interest in reading can hinder children's growth, development, and learning, it can lead to poor performance in the future. The reason for students' low interest in reading is their own reluctance to read. Teachers also do not require students to read books in class. To increase students' interest in reading in primary grades, it is necessary to maintain their interest in reading and provide them with exposure to reading materials so that they can become accustomed to reading. Having a reading habit from childhood will help develop a strong interest in reading in the future. The purpose of this study is to discuss various innovative teaching methods that can be used to increase children's interest in reading in primary schools. It is important that teachers encourage students' interest in reading in school. Research is conducted by developing research questions and searching for journal references suitable for data analysis. Google Chendikia or Google Scholar is used to search the Internet for a collection of journals. Data is studied, examined and compared with other data. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The analysis found that this could potentially increase students' interest in reading in primary schools.    

This research, done is to explore about the paradox used in the song lyrics, and through the exploration will be known how and why it is used there. The research conducted by using the method of qualitative research, which does not use statistical data; it is collected in the form of written, spoken, or observed behavior. The researcher also uses the library research in the collecting data.                Findings of this research are paradox is used by bringing order to the ambiguous shared meanings that are provided by perceptions of reality, constructing a draft to use as a guide for their future research, reformulating element of modern, industrial society, understanding the start or result of research, supporting the suitability of the goal of the research, giving space to have critical quality, amplify contrast between elements of the lyrics.                Through this research is hoped that it can inspire the readers to deeper into the subject of paradox, spark the discussion of the paradox sentences or ideas in Martinez’s lyrics, so that the readers can have a better understanding about the paradox itself.