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This research aims to see the effect of the project based learning model on the ability to understand concepts in fraction material in fourth grade elementary school. This type of research is a quantitative approach and uses a quasi-experiment method. The design in this study was a nonequivalent control group design, namely using two classes, namely class IVB as the experimental class and IVA as the control class which was obtained randomly. The experimental class will be given PjBL learning model treatment and the control class will receive conventional treatment. This study gave a pre-test to both classes before giving treatment to both classes and gave a post-test to the class after receiving treatment. Based on the results of the hypothesis test data analysis that the researchers carried out, significant independent t-test results obtained for the initial and final values ​​of the experimental class and control class were 0.027. Based on these results, a significant value of 0.027 <0.05 was obtained, so Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the project based learning model on the ability to understand concepts in fraction material in class IV elementary school.

This study aims to examine the impact of using visual aids on students' mathematics achievement in division material at the elementary school level. The method implemented was a quasi-experiment using a pretest-posttest group design. The subjects of this study were third-grade elementary school students, divided into two groups: the experimental group, which used visual aids, and the control group, which applied conventional methods. The study's findings indicate that the experimental group, which applied visual aids, showed a significant improvement in mathematics achievement, particularly in division material. The average pretest score of the experimental group was 75.2, while the posttest score increased to 80.9. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the use of visual aids has a positive impact on students' mathematics achievement in division material.

This study aims to analyze the effect of mycorrhizal biofertilizer on the growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) height over a period of 8 weeks. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with six treatments: no mycorrhiza (Mo), low doses (M0.1), and high doses (M1, M1.1, M2, M2.1) with variations of 5 grams and 10 grams. The results showed that the application of mycorrhiza at higher doses resulted in significant growth compared to the control treatment. By week 8, plants receiving treatments M2 and M2.1 reached an average height of 32 cm and 32.5 cm, while the control treatment without mycorrhiza only reached 9 cm. Variance analysis (ANOVA) indicated significant differences at the 95% confidence level among treatments. Therefore, the use of mycorrhizal biofertilizer has been proven effective in enhancing the height growth of tomato plants, which is expected to increase productivity in horticultural cultivation.

Difficulties in speaking include students being able to convey messages well but still using their mother tongue, being embarrassed and nervous about speaking in front of the class and even forgetting what they are going to convey. Role-playing is an effective learning model in improving students' speaking skills. This model can help students become more active, independent and happy during the learning stage. This research aims to determine the effect of the role-playing learning model on students' speaking skills. By applying a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental design, this research involved a population of 112 students. The research sample consisted of 59 students, where class IV A as the experimental class included 31 students and class IV B as the control class consisted of 28 students. The instrument used in this research is a non-test technique in the form of a performance test. Hypothesis testing is carried out using the t test after first carrying out a normality test. The results of the significance value (2-tailed) of 0.001 < 0.05 indicate that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.

This research aims to find out whether there is an influence of audio-visual media on listening skills in class V Indonesian Language subjects at elementary school. This research has several problems, namely the low level of listening skills in Indonesian Language learning which is caused by a lack of maximizing learning methods and media as well as a lack of student involvement in the learning process. This research is a quasi-experimental quantitative. This research sample used Purposive Sampling Technique which consisted of two classes, namely class V A with 23 students as an experimental class using audio visual media and class V B with 23 students as a control class without using media. The data collection technique used in this research is a multiple choice test. The results of the research in the experimental class were with an average pretest score of 57.97 and an average posttest score of 83.19. From the t-test hypothesis, the value of tcount is 8.653 > ttable 1.679 at the significance level (α) = 0.05 and df (n1=n1) -2 = (23+23)-2= 44. This means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. So, it can be concluded that there is an influence of audio-visual learning media on students' listening skills in class V Indonesian language learning at elementary school for the 2023/2024 academic year.

This research aims to determine the effect of scrapbook media on the reading comprehension ability of class IV students at UPT SDN 060816 Medan. This research has several problems, namely when students read they do not understand the content of the reading they read. This research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental type of research. The sample in this study used a saturated sampling technique consisting of two classes, namely class IV A with 32 students as the experimental class using scrapbook media and class IV B with 31 students as the control class without using media. The data collection technique used in this research is a multiple choice test. The research results from both classes, namely the experimental class, had an average score of 45.81 (pretest) and 82.47 (posttest). And the control class has an average of 39.81 (pretest) and 67.90 (posttest). The results of the hypothesis test are the Paired Sample t-Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results found a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0.05. So it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so there is an influence of scrapbook media on the reading comprehension ability of class IV students at UPT SDN 060816 Medan.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of letter card media on students' initial reading ability in Indonesian Language subject grade II in elementary school. This research is a quantitative research with an experimental research method with a quasi experiment type. The sample of this study was taken using a saturated sampling technique consisting of two classes, namely class II A with 20 students as a control class without using letter cards and class II B with 20 students as an experimental class using letter card media. The data collection technique used in this study is a performance test (initial reading test) using pretest and posttest. The results of the research from both classes, namely in the pretest, had an average value (Mean) of the experimental class of 52.50 and the control class of 49.69. At the time of the posttest, the average score (Mean) of the experimental class was 80.94 and the control class was 59.69. The results of the hypothesis show that the tcount value > the table is 5,146 > 1,684 which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. So, the hypothesis states that the letter card media has an effect on students' initial reading ability in Indonesian subjects grade II at UPT SDN 060816 Medan.

The aim of this research is to explore the impact of using the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on the expository writing skills of class VI students at SDN Bangbayang 2 Elementary School. This research is based on the low level of expository text writing skills of elementary school students, students tend to be less interested in practicing writing. Students consider writing activities to be a difficult task. Problems that often occur in writing activities are the inability to use punctuation, spelling, diction, sentence structure and written content, so it is certain that the results will not be in accordance with the expected competence. The research used an experimental design with a control and experimental group, the experimental group consisted of 30 students at SDN Bangbayang 2 and the control group consisted of 35 students at SDN Bangbayang 1. Data was collected through written  tests before and after the intervention. The results showed that the experimental group  experienced a significant increase in the average posttest score compared to the pretest, while the control group only showed a slight increase in the posttest and pretest. The conclusion of this research is that the integration of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL)model is effective in improving students' expository writing skills.    

This research aims to improve students' disciplinary character through Pancasila material using holistic methods. The holistic method has four important aspects, namely: mental, physical, emotional and spiritual. The results of this research show that the holistic method is very effective in improving students' disciplinary character. Students not only understand the principles of Pancasila cognitively, but can also apply the principles of Pancasila in everyday life. Students show an increase in discipline, responsibility and emotional control. This research shows that the holistic method can be an effective method for improving the disciplinary character of students through Pancasila material in elementary schools, which will make students become people who are balanced, have integrity, and are able to apply Pancasila values in everyday life.

This research was conducted to determine the importance of descriptive text writing skills that students must master to support learning. However, in reality, it turns out that students' descriptive text writing skills are still low. One of the causes of these low skills is that the learning model used by teachers is still a conventional teacher-centered model, so that students are not actively involved in learning. The aim of this research is to determine the influence and improvement through action in two different groups using four indicators of descriptive text writing skills. The experimental group used a Project Based Learning model assisted by MEGASI, and the control group used a cooperative learning model. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group design and a sample of 42 people was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research results showed that the improvement in descriptive text writing skills of students in the experimental class was better than students in the control class. There is a positive influence in the use of the Project Based Learning model assisted by MEGASI is serial image media on the descriptive text writing skills of fifth grade elementary school students.

This research was aimed to find out whether the implementation of Project Based Learning can be effectively increasing students’ writing skills. Quantitative method was used in this research by giving pre-test and post-test in order to know the students’ productivity in writing. There were 25 students as the participants.  They were in the fifth semester in which 13 students became the experimental class and the 12 students became the controlled class. The mean score showed that the pretest was 50 and the score of the posttest was 76,15. The percentage and frequency of the students’ score on the pretest for experimental class showed that 7 or 54% got an average score, 5 or 38% got a poor score, and 1 or 8% got a very poor score. While, after the researcher conducted the project based learning, the posttest showed that 5 or 38% of students got very good scores, 2 or 15% of students got a good score and 6 or 46% students got an average score. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest. based on the result, there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the controlled class in their writing achievement. Hence, the implementation of project based learning was effective in increasing students' writing ability in writing news.

This research aims to prove the effect of using the demonstration method on the results of learning to expressive painting using shoes as a medium for class X students at SMK Negeri 9 Medan. This research uses a quasi experimental research method. With a sample of 66 class X students taken using cluster random sampling. This research used a control class (painting using conventional methods) and an experimental group (painting using demonstration methods). Based on the research results, the average pretest scores for the experimental and control classes were 61.48 and 61.27 and the average posttest scores for the experimental and control classes were 80.93 and 70.96. And it can be seen from the results of the t test where these results are marked with the t test value from the experiment, it was found that thit = 10.23, the price of ttab with dk = 62 with a real level of 0.05, it was obtained that ttab = 1.9989 with the result 10.23 > 1.9989. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence from the use of the demonstration method on the results of learning to paint using shoes as a medium for class X students at SMK Negeri 9 Medan.

This study aims to determine the effect of using beaded props on fraction material on the mathematics learning outcomes of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mimika. The type of experimental research used is True Experimental Design in the form of Pretest - posttest control group design. The variables of this study consisted of independent variables, namely the effect of using beaded props and the dependent variable, namely the mathematics learning outcomes of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mimika. The study population consisted of all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 7 Mimika, totaling 246 students. Data collection techniques are by means of tests, observation and documentation. Instruments to measure learning outcomes using pre-test and post-test that has been known homogeneity and normality. In the experimental group, the average pre-test value was 71.90 and the post-test was 88.43. In the control group, the average pre-test value was 60.23 and the post-test was 77.17. The results of hypothesis testing show that the significance value of tcount> ttable (10.20> 1.67). From these results it can be concluded that the use of props beads on fraction material brings a positive influence on the learning outcomes of students in grade VII SMP Negeri 7 Mimika.

Students feel physics is a difficult subject and full of formulas, the amount of subject matter that must be memorized, lack of motivation from within students to learn physics, and the inaccuracy of models, methods, and learning media used by teachers, so that learning activities feel bored and boring. Theaim of the research to determine student learning outcomes using the Discovery Learning model assisted by Powerpoint media. This type of research is quantitative research. From the data analysis, the average score of the experimental class was 10.32 with a classification standard of 2.19 and the average score of the control class was 10.06 with a division standard of 2.08. In the normality test for the experimental class obtained Lcount< Ltable = 0.066 < 0.246 and in the control class Lcalculate< Ltable = 0.056<0.234 then both classes have normal distributed data. In the homogeneity test of the data of both samples obtained Fhityoung ≤ Ftabel = 0.429 < 0.657 then both samples came from samples that Homogeneous. The results of the t test are obtained tcount>t table = 2.021 > 1.684 so that Ha is accepted. Thus, this study shows that there is a significant influence on the discovery learning learning model using PowerPoint media on student learning outcomes at SMAN 1 Tanoh Alas.

This research aims to determine the learning outcomes of class V students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency in science learning after implementing the Card Sort Type Active Learning Model on Science Learning Results for Class V Students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. This research uses a pre-experimental quantitative research method involving one class as a focus class using a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in my research was class V students with a total of 20 students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. The sampling technique used was using only the experimental group without a control (comparison) group. The author took samples using total sampling techniques or saturated samples. So the sample size for this research is all fifth grade students at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. The instruments used were student observation sheet instruments and science learning outcomes tests in the form of multiple choice questions to measure student learning outcomes with Pretest and Posttest. The results of the research show that the science learning outcomes of students in class V of Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency, descriptive statistical analysis data revealed that after implementing the Card Sort Type Active Learning Model, the average score on the Pretest was 45, which is in the very low category with the number of students not 16 students completed, namely 80% and 4 students completed, namely 20%. Meanwhile, the average on the PostTest, namely 68.05, is in the medium category with the number of students who did not complete 4 people, namely 20% and 16 students who completed it, namely 80%. The average score on the PostTest is higher than the average score on the Pretest. Meanwhile, the average in the n-gain test was 0.41, which means it is in the medium category. So it can be concluded that the application of the Card Sort Type Active Learning Model to student learning outcomes in class V science learning at Lonrong State Elementary School, Bajeng District, Gowa Regency has increased.

This research aims to determine the difference in student learning outcomes regarding linear equations and inequality taught using the PBL model compared to student learning outcomes taught using the Direct Instruction model. This research is quasi-experimental. The samples in the research were class X-IPA as an experimental class with a total of 17 students. The instrument used in this research consisted of a learning outcomes test in the form of a written test in the form of an essay with material on linear equations and inequalities. The data collection technique is through observation and tests in the form of evaluation questions. The test is carried out twice. Namely, the pretest is carried out at the beginning of the research to determine students' achievement scores before treatment, and the posttest is carried out in both control and experimental groups after treatment. Based on hypothesis testing using independent test statistics (T-test), tcount = 3.596 and ttable = 1.694 at a significance level of ⍺ = 0.05. The research results show that the tcount value is more significant than ttable because (3.596 > 1.694) with a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.014 < 0.05 so it can be said that there is a significant difference in the learning outcomes of the experimental group using the PBL model and the control group using the Direct Instruction learning model which means that there is an influence of the application of the PBL learning model on the learning outcomes of class X students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano.

This study seeks to examine the disparity in mean scores between students instructed through the project-based learning approach and those taught using conventional learning methods. The study population consisted of randomly selected class X pupils from SMA Negeri 2 Tondano, who were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental class consisted of 25 students who received instruction using the project-based learning model, while the control class consisted of 22 students who received instruction using the conventional paradigm. Data collection was conducted by administering a pre-test prior to administering the treatment, followed by a post-test after the treatment was provided. The research yielded an average post-test score of 0.0842 for the experimental class and 0.075 for the control class. Statistical tests, specifically the t-test, were conducted to compare the learning results of the experimental class and the control class. The calculated tcount 17.164176, was found to be more than the critical ttable 1.67943. Therefore, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. The null hypothesis H0 is rejected at a significance level of 0.05. Therefore, it may be inferred that the project-based learning paradigm has an impact on students' learning results in the subject of growth substance.

This research aims to analyze Algebra learning by applying the principles of PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education) through the game of marbles at SD 3 Sidigede, especially in class 3. The research method used is using a qualitative approach, namely describing the process of playing the game and the benefits of playing marbles. The subjects in this research were grade 3 students at SD 3 Sidigede where the number of students in one class was 30 people consisting of 10 boys and 20 girls. The results of this research are that the ability to learn algebra in this class is good. Students can perform addition and subtraction operations on a pattern presented containing predetermined numbers. In this learning, the principles of PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education) have been applied, namely in a marble game. Where the game of marbles can train students' motor skills, train their thinking skills, their ability to count, sharpen their social skills and can train children to control their emotions.

According to Law No. 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have the spiritual power of religious rituals, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble morals, and the necessary skills. by himself, society, nation, and state. Learning media is a tool in the teaching and learning process that conveys messages and clarifies material to help the learning process. Observations carried out at SDN Sukamulya still used media such as pictures on paper or were only guided by the textbooks used. From these results, students had no interest in the learning process if they only used paper media. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of learning videos on interest in learning mathematics for class V at SDN Sukamulya. The research method used was an experiment with a quantitative approach design to determine how variable the results were. From the pretest results, it was 23.64%, and the posttest results increased to 25.76%.