Publication Search

Educational philosophy plays a significant role in developing students’ thinking abilities, especially in improving critical thinking competence and creativity. Through learning strategies that encourage students to actively ask questions, analyze, and evaluate information, students can develop into more rational, critical, and independent individuals in making decisions. This study aims to explore the role of educational philosophy in developing students’ critical reasoning competence and creativity. The research employed a qualitative method using a literature study approach. Data were obtained from various sources, including books, scientific journals, and articles relevant to the research topic. The findings show that the implementation of educational philosophy through discussions, question-and-answer methods, and experience-based learning (learning by doing) can improve students’ analytical skills while encouraging the emergence of creative and innovative ideas. In addition, a learning environment that provides students with opportunities to express their opinions can support the optimal development of their potential. Thus, educational philosophy not only functions as a theoretical foundation in education but also has practical applications in creating creative, active, and progressive learning environments. Therefore, the implementation of educational philosophy is important in producing a generation that is creative, analytical, and capable of facing the challenges of the modern era.

This article discusses the issue of self-confidence crisis among students of class XI-4 at SMAN 8 Medan in expressing their opinions during the learning process. This phenomenon leads to passive classroom interaction, where students tend to remain silent, hesitant to ask questions, and afraid to answer due to psychological barriers in the form of speech anxiety. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors causing low self-confidence, describe the behavioral manifestations of anxiety, and design an interactive, solution-oriented strategy. The methodology employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including open-ended questionnaires distributed to 35 students, in-depth interviews with the subject teacher, and field documentation. The results indicate that students' low self-confidence is predominantly driven by internal factors, such as the fear of negative evaluation and physical responses like nervousness or trembling. Furthermore, a rigid teaching approach in the classroom influences students' willingness to speak by up to 80%. As a solution, the implementation of an innovative strategy through the "Talk or Challenge" game using a paper ball relay proved effective in reducing speech anxiety, triggering instant critical thinking skills, and fostering a supportive, inclusive, and collaborative peer-support ecosystem.

The inquiry learning strategy is a learning approach that places students at the center of the learning process by emphasizing the development of critical thinking skills, analysis, and independent concept discovery through a question and answer process, exploration, and investigation. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the inquiry learning strategy in improving students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills in certain subjects. The method used is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design involving an experimental group that applies the inquiry strategy and a control group with conventional learning methods. Data were collected through conceptual understanding tests and critical thinking skills assessment instruments before and after treatment. The results of the study showed that the application of the inquiry learning strategy significantly improved students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills compared to conventional learning methods. In conclusion, the inquiry learning strategy is effectively used as an alternative learning method that can improve the quality of the process and student learning outcomes. The implications of this study suggest that teachers integrate inquiry strategies in learning to encourage students to become active and creative learners and improve high-level thinking skills.

Sports in our current era have witnessed a great development in the lives of people and for various activities, events, ages, and genders, and have become of great importance to countries and governments through the establishment of huge sports facilities for practice, marketing, and investment, thus transforming it into a sports industry managed by international sports companies. The aim of the research is to identify the reality of sports professionalism in the development of Iraqi football from the point of view of sports intellectuals. The researcher used a descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research problem. The research community was represented by (1200) individuals from sports intellectuals, while the research sample consisted of (800) individuals, i.e. (400) individuals were excluded due to incomplete answers. It was divided into a survey sample (50) individuals, a construction sample (350) individuals, and an application sample (400). The results of the tables showed the total degree of answers of the sample members on all areas of the scale, and despite the different names and functions of the research sample, their results were close. These results indicate that all members of the application sample had a positive outlook and full awareness of a high degree towards the legal texts of sports professionalism and its importance in works to improve the good of Iraqi football clubs. The researcher concluded that the scale proved its effectiveness in measuring sports professionalism on the development of football from the point of view of sports intellectuals. The application of regulations and laws in a good and effective manner helped to provide the best for sports professionalism.

This research discusses the optimization of implementing collaborative learning in the topic of norms and rules, integrating the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach and Kahoot games with with assessments conducted both in groups and individually, along with observations by an observer. The study was conducted at MIN 1 Balikpapan with 28 students consisting of 12 male students and 16 female students. The assessment was designed to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and social skills through innovative and interactive methods. Observation results show that students are able to communicate and work together effectively in groups, while the presentation and question and answer stages encourage critical thinking skills and self-confidence. The group-based Kahoot game created a fun and competitive atmosphere, increasing students’ motivation and engagement in learning. Individual evaluations conducted at the end of the assessment measured the extent of students' understanding after the collaborative learning process. Overall, this assessment approach successfully fostered an active learning environment that supported the development of students' understanding of the material, social skills, and independent learning abilities. Final results showed that 29% of students achieved a perfect score of 100, 32% scored 90, 21% scored 80, and 14% achieved a passing grade with a score of 70. Only 4% of students did not meet the passing criteria, scoring 60. These findings demonstrate that the majority of students were able to achieve satisfactory learning outcomes.  

This research was conducted with the aim of Finding and describing the problems faced in implementing the independent curriculum at the Angkasa Padang Primary School. This research is motivated by the many problems related to the implementation of the independent education curriculum and various policies related to the independent education curriculum. The research question asked is: What problems exist in implementing the unique curriculum at Angkasa Padang Middle School? This research was conducted as quantitative research. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire survey at Angkasa Padang School. These observations are analyzed and presented in a descriptive format. The results of this analysis can answer the questions formulated in the research problem. The results of the analysis reveal problems in implementing the voluntary curriculum which are caused by less than optimal government guidance and support in implementing the voluntary curriculum. Apart from that, there are challenges originating from teachers in the form of using independent teaching platforms and their lack of ability to utilize technology to learn and understand the independent curriculum.

This research is a type of classroom action research (PTK) which uses a qualitative approach. The CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) approach is the approach used in this research. The research subjects were students in class VII-2 of Beringin 1 State Junior High School in the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 32 students, namely 13 boys and 19 girls. Data collection techniques include objective tests, observation, direct question and answer, documentation, and field notes. The instruments used include learning outcomes tests, assessment of students' attitudes and emotions, assessment of writing skills based on assignments, as well as observation sheets from the research process. The results of reflection and data analysis during cycles I and II of the learning process show that the implementation of CTL has gone well. Students are very involved in learning activities and most have completed assignments. The indicators for implementing learning using the CTL method in cycle II entered the very good category or 90.

This research began with the love relationship in the short story Harapan in the book 11:11 by Fiersa Besari. This love relationship originates from the figures of Timur and the sun. Starting from a love relationship, the problem arises of finding answers to questions regarding the components of love in that relationship. The aim of this research is to determine the form of love for 'Eastern' characters in literary works. The work taken is in the short story genre entitled Hope by Fiersa Besari. The problem in this research is how their relationship is in establishing interpersonal relationships in the short story. The method used is a descriptive qualitative research method, while the data used is note-taking using Sternberg's psychological approach regarding the Tringular theory of love. The research results obtained show that Timur and Mentari stores have components of intimacy and commitment. The research results show that the love relationship between Timur and Mentari is affective love.

In this study, researchers used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques of participant observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, the collected data was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, namely through 4 stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The subjects in this study were the head and teachers. While the location of this research was carried out at MA An Nawari Serattengah Bluto, Sumenep.Based on the analysis of the data, the answer was that the managerial head of MA An Nawari uses several very broad aspects, starting from preparing school plans, developing the organization, providing directions, and carrying out supervision of the implementation of school activities according to applicable supervisory standards. The management of the madrasa head is very influential in increasing the competencies that must be possessed by teachers, both personality competencies, pedagogic competencies, social competencies, and professional competencies which will have implications for improving the quality of education in general.    

The aim of this research is to determine research trends and describe relevant research results regarding cooperative learning models on the mathematical representation abilities of students at the junior high school/MTs level. The method used in this research is literature study or generally known as Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to answer the problem formulation in the research. This research consists of five stages, namely formulation of research questions (Research Question), literature search (Search Process), determination of inclusion criteria (Inclusion Criteria), assessment of literature sources (Quality Assessment), and data analysis (Data Analysis). The study literature search process was carried out by accessing Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, and Garuda. Data was obtained related to keywords and based on the inclusion criteria, namely 22 articles that met the criteria. The research results from reviewing the 22 articles show that the cooperative learning models most widely used to improve representation abilities are cooperative learning models with the STAD and TPS types. The most published articles regarding cooperative learning models on representational abilities were in 2019. The description of research results related to cooperative learning models on representational abilities is that they are able to improve the mathematical representational abilities of students at the SMP/MTs level and equivalent. The cooperative learning model can be combined with appropriate media, strategies and approaches so that it can improve students' mathematical representation abilities.

The purpose of this study was to find out how well grade 5 students at SDN 037 Bakau Aceh understand mathematics subjects. This research uses a type of qualitative research known as a case study. The validity test showed that 15 questionnaire questions from the questionnaire based on respondents' answers were invalid and 5 questionnaire questions had a correlation value greater than 0.05. In addition, reliability determines that all questions in the questionnaire based on respondents' answers are reliable with a significance level of 5%. Among students' understanding in mathematics subjects is that students have the ability to explain back learning outcomes, are able to develop concepts that have been learned in a structured manner, are able to provide examples to their friends related to learning material according to the context of discussion, and are able to interpret concepts systematically so that they can relate them to each other in everyday life.

The purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the question and answer teaching method used by Jesus in John 4:1-28 has on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant influence from the method. teaching questions and answers by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the active learning of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024. This research is a population study, namely all 99 students. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 45 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to the conclusions according to experts' theories. The questionnaire trial was carried out on 48 respondents of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Tarutung using a 45-item questionnaire and after being tested, the results of the validity of the questionnaire trial showed that the value of rcount > rtable = 0.159-0.715 > 0.284 (there were 6 question items that had validity less than rtable = 0.284, namely item numbers 21, 25, 27, 34, 37, 44) and the reliability of the questionnaire trial was at a value of 0.939. It has been tested for validity and reliability. However, in research at SMP N 4 Tarutung, invalid questionnaire items were replaced so that the research was carried out using a new questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is making a distribution table of respondents' answers based on alternative answers, making a distribution table of respondents' answers, looking for the correlation coefficient between X and Y by calculating the Product Moment correlation, testing the real level with the t test, knowing the degree of influence of variable test the hypothesis with the t test. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the question and answer teaching method by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024 with the relationship test obtained rcount>rttable, namely 0.281> 0.195, with a significant test of the relationship between Tcount > Ttable, namely 2.875>1.985. This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The aim of this research is to produce image media which is based on the expectations of PAK teachers regarding the importance of image media in the material I am God's Creation in learning PAK and Characteristics for grade 1 elementary school. The research uses a development approach (research and development) which aims to produce image media products that are effective for use in Christian Religious Education learning with the material I am God's Creation for grade I elementary school. The research location is a State Elementary School in Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency. The research was carried out from August to September 2023. Development steps using the ADDIE model. From the research results it is known: 1) Analysis, results of questionnaire answers by ten teachers that 88.33% require the development of image media that makes it easier for teachers to teach and attract students' attention to learning material I am God's creation. 2) Design, a) Making drawings of body parts and body function. b) Determination of learning materials. I am God's creation from the book of Genesis 1:27. c) Reviewing material in images according to the 2013 curriculum. 3) Development of a validator for media validation in image media has been improved and is suitable for use in field trials. 4) Implementation, the result is that 78% of grade I elementary school teachers in Sipoholon District strongly agree that the content of the material and the quality of the media in the material images I am God's Creation are good and can be used effectively in learning. 5) Evaluation, spiritual assessment of students is known to have achieved 97.97%, social assessment of students is known to have achieved 97.12%, cognitive and spicomotor assessments can be known directly from students' answers and abilities to questions given by the Christian Religious Education teacher after being taught the material I am a creation God uses image media and has shown results in the very good category, which means that through learning using image media, students are able to be grateful for God's creation within themselves and will try to use their body parts to carry out good activities and glorify God in their daily lives.