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This literature study examines the procedures for developing creativity test instruments based on creative thinking indicators in educational assessment. The background of this study is driven by the limited availability of appropriate instruments that can accurately measure students’ creative thinking skills, as most existing assessments still emphasize lower-order thinking. The objective of this study is to analyze systematic procedures in developing valid and reliable creativity test instruments. The method used is a qualitative literature review of various studies on instrument development, particularly those applying Research and Development (R&D) approaches such as 4-D models. The findings show that the development process generally involves several stages, including needs analysis, formulation of test specifications, construction of items based on creative thinking indicators (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration), expert validation, limited trials, and statistical analysis of validity and reliability. These indicators represent core dimensions of creative thinking that must be integrated into the instrument to ensure comprehensive measurement . The implications of this study highlight that systematic and theory-based procedures are essential to produce high-quality instruments that are valid, reliable, and practical, thereby supporting effective evaluation and fostering students’ creative thinking skills.

This study aims to examine the impact of learning atmosphere, perseverance in learning, and learning motivation on the Tahfiz achievement of students at SMKN 1 Sungai Aur. The method used in this study is quantitative with a causal associative design. The population studied includes all students from grades X, XI, and XII at SMKN 1 Sungai Aur using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through the use of closed questionnaires for the variables of learning atmosphere, perseverance in learning, and learning motivation, as well as documentation of Tahfiz scores as an indicator of learning achievement. Data analysis included validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing, and multiple linear regression analysis. The research findings show that learning atmosphere, perseverance in learning, and learning motivation together have a significant effect on Tahfiz learning achievement. Individually, the three independent variables also have a significant impact, with learning motivation being the most influential variable. This study emphasizes the importance of creating a supportive learning atmosphere, cultivating perseverance in learning, and strengthening spiritual motivation to improve the quality of Tahfiz learning.

This study aims to describe and analyze the effectiveness of digital service transformation through the myBCA ecosystem at Bank BCA KCP Ponorogo Cokroaminoto from the perspective of Public Administration. The paradigm shift from the Old Public Administration (OPA) to the New Public Service (NPS) requires service institutions to place citizens as the main subjects through the principles of transparency, accountability, and respect for public dignity. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques, passive participatory observation, and documentation. Informants were selected by purposive sampling, including branch management, frontline officers (Customer Service and Teller), and customers. The results of the study show that the transformation towards the myBCA ecosystem has succeeded in significantly improving service efficiency through the transfer of routine administrative processes from bank counters to customer self-service. Features such as Single ID allow for flexible multi-account management, especially for businesses with high mobility in the Cokroaminoto area. This process reflects debureaucratizing practices that encourage frontline officers to focus on value-added consultative services that demand empathy and analysis. The success of this digital adaptation is supported by the synergy between the quality of e-service and the responsiveness of human resources. Although myBCA offers ease of use and reliability of the system, the role of officers as digital educators remains essential in bridging the technology literacy gap. The responsiveness and digital empathy shown by the officers increases public trust and ensures access to professional human support. In line with Law No. 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, transparency and real-time information through myBCA strengthens institutional legitimacy. Thus, the effectiveness of digital services at KCP Ponorogo is determined by the balance between a reliable digital system and responsive personnel.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the Paired Story Telling learning model on the narrative essay writing skills of grade V students of MI Assa'Adah Bungah for the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The problems raised in this study focus on the low ability of students to write narrative essays in a sequential, interesting, and correct structure. The Paired Story Telling model was chosen because it is considered to increase students' interest and active involvement in learning to write by retelling the content of the story with their partners. The method used in this study is a pseudo-experiment with between subject design. The sample in this study consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class that was given treatment using the Paired Story Telling model, and the control class that was not given special treatment and still used conventional learning methods. The research instrument is in the form of a narrative essay writing test that has gone through a validity and reliability test. The population in this study is all students of class V MI Assa'Adah Bungah for the 2024/2025 Academic Year which totals 42 students. The data analysis technique used a t-test which showed that there was a significant difference between student learning outcomes in the experimental class and the control class. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the significance value was 0.000 < 0.05 which means that H₀ was rejected and Hₐ was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the Paired Story Telling model has a significant effect on improving students' narrative essay writing skills. These findings suggest that collaborative learning models such as Paired Story Telling can be used as an alternative strategy in effective writing teaching in elementary schools.

Examining how elementary school students' motivation and academic performance are affected by the use of interactive learning tools is the primary goal of this study. One of the developments that might pique students' interest in learning and get them more involved in the process is interactive learning media, which presents information in a more engaging and accessible way. Study was conducted using a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design. Students in fifth grade from one of the local elementary schools served as the study sample. They were split into two groups, one for the experiment and one for control. While the control group stuck to more traditional approaches, the experimental group made use of interactive learning materials. Testing for reliability and validity was not conducted on the learning motivation questionnaire and learning accomplishment assessments that were used to gather data. To compare the groups' levels of motivation and academic success, a t-statistical test was used to analyze the data. Using interactive learning media significantly increased students' learning motivation compared to the control group, according to the findings. Furthermore, compared to the group that relied on conventional methods of instruction, students in the test group outperformed them academically. These findings show that elementary school students may be motivated and accomplish more with the use of interactive learning tools. In order to make learning more engaging and conducive to student achievement, instructors are encouraged to include interactive media into the learning process

This study aims to: 1) Develop an Android-based learning media for the front handspring movement tailored for undergraduate physical education students at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), 2) Assess the feasibility of the developed learning media, 3) Evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing students’ handspring skills. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design, validated by six experts. Trials were conducted with UNNES physical education students (small-scale: 6 students; large-scale: 40 students; practicality and effectiveness tests: 49 students). Data were collected using questionnaires and handspring skill tests. Data analysis involved Aiken’s V for validity, Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability, and descriptive quantitative analysis for effectiveness.The results indicated that the developed media is both valid and reliable, with expert validation scores of 0.95 (media) and 0.93 (content). Reliability testing yielded Alpha scores of 0.892 and 0.901, respectively. Effectiveness testing showed a significant improvement in handspring performance from an average pre-test score of 75 to a post-test score of 81, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005. Therefore, the Android-based learning media is considered effective in improving front handspring skills among physical education students at UNNES.

This study aims to explore the influence of the Discovery Learning model on student learning outcomes and to assess the level of student learning activity on the material of light properties. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment. The study population included all fifth grade students of SDN 060928, with samples taken from 30 students of class VA who applied the Discovery Learning model, while class VB used the conventional learning model. The study began with a pretest, followed by a posttest after the implementation of the Discovery Learning model. The instruments used consisted of a test in the form of 20 multiple-choice questions to measure learning outcomes and an observation sheet to assess student activity. Data analysis tools include validity, reliability, discrimination, and difficulty level tests. Statistical analysis techniques include normality tests, homogeneity tests, two-mean difference tests, and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the average learning outcome in the experimental class was 77.66, higher than the control class which only reached 62.16. In addition, student learning activities in the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model showed a significant level of activity with an average value of 76.30. The use of the Discovery Learning model has a positive effect on student learning outcomes and activities in science learning on the properties of light.  

The research sought to identify knowledge management and work quality and the relationship between them in the National Sports Federation in the game of gymnastics. Utilizing correlational correlations and the survey method, the researchers employed a descriptive strategy. The research community was determined from the workers in the National Sports Federation, numbering (120) workers. The community was divided into (20) workers for the exploratory experiment and (100) workers for the preparation and application experiment. The scientific foundations of the two scales (reliability and validity ) were used through the ability to distinguish, internal consistency and half-split. The researchers concluded that the prevailing work quality in the Federation has a set of constituent elements that the Federation must realize and work to balance between them to reach a better work environment that accompanies the activity of the workers. The researchers recommended that the Federation and the sample study must know the steps and mechanisms related to knowledge management and search for methods through which they can discover the relationship and impact with the performance of the working individuals and guide decision-makers in the Federation to the path that can be taken to reach that activity that links knowledge management and work quality.

Forensic accounting and investigative auditing are disciplines used when investigating complex cases of fraud related to the law. It contains investigative audit techniques that can help forensic accountants in their implementation. In Indonesia, investigative audits are more often associated with solving corruption cases, one of which is money laundering. So in this research the author wants to find out what investigative audit techniques are most effective in uncovering money laundering cases based on the perspective of forensic accountants. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. Based on the results of the analysis, the results of the investigative audit stages were predication, hypothesis formulation, data gathering, data reliability testing, data analysis, calling for interviews and interrogation, loss calculation, and reporting. Then it was also concluded that in theory and practice no investigative audit technique was chosen as the most effective technique. Because beforehand forensic accountants need to consider the matters and characteristics of money laundering cases, only then determine which investigative audit techniques will be used.

The purpose of this study was to find out how well grade 5 students at SDN 037 Bakau Aceh understand mathematics subjects. This research uses a type of qualitative research known as a case study. The validity test showed that 15 questionnaire questions from the questionnaire based on respondents' answers were invalid and 5 questionnaire questions had a correlation value greater than 0.05. In addition, reliability determines that all questions in the questionnaire based on respondents' answers are reliable with a significance level of 5%. Among students' understanding in mathematics subjects is that students have the ability to explain back learning outcomes, are able to develop concepts that have been learned in a structured manner, are able to provide examples to their friends related to learning material according to the context of discussion, and are able to interpret concepts systematically so that they can relate them to each other in everyday life.

The purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the question and answer teaching method used by Jesus in John 4:1-28 has on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant influence from the method. teaching questions and answers by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the active learning of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024. This research is a population study, namely all 99 students. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 45 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to the conclusions according to experts' theories. The questionnaire trial was carried out on 48 respondents of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Tarutung using a 45-item questionnaire and after being tested, the results of the validity of the questionnaire trial showed that the value of rcount > rtable = 0.159-0.715 > 0.284 (there were 6 question items that had validity less than rtable = 0.284, namely item numbers 21, 25, 27, 34, 37, 44) and the reliability of the questionnaire trial was at a value of 0.939. It has been tested for validity and reliability. However, in research at SMP N 4 Tarutung, invalid questionnaire items were replaced so that the research was carried out using a new questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is making a distribution table of respondents' answers based on alternative answers, making a distribution table of respondents' answers, looking for the correlation coefficient between X and Y by calculating the Product Moment correlation, testing the real level with the t test, knowing the degree of influence of variable test the hypothesis with the t test. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the question and answer teaching method by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024 with the relationship test obtained rcount>rttable, namely 0.281> 0.195, with a significant test of the relationship between Tcount > Ttable, namely 2.875>1.985. This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the picture and picture learning model on the active learning of Christian Religious Education for class VI students at SD Negeri 030399, Silima Pungga Pungga District, Dairi Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. Thesis of the Christian Religious Education Study Program with the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the picture and picture learning model on the active learning of Christian Religious Education for class VI students at SD Negeri 030399, Silima Pungga Pungga District, Dairi Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research uses descriptive quantitative research methods with a population as well as a research sample of 35 people. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire and was tested on 32 students at SD Negeri 030388 Parongil with a validity test of rcount > rable, namely 0.396 to 0.718 > 0.349, this shows that the entire questionnaire is valid and the reliability test r11 0.874 (0.800 – 1.000) is in the very category strong means the questionnaire is valid and reliable and can be used as a research instrument. From the results of the data analysis, it was obtained that the correlation coefficient (rxy) was 0.396 > 0.334 in a positive direction, meaning that there was a positive relationship between the Picture and Picture Learning Model and the Learning Activeness of Christian Religious Education for Class VI Students at State Elementary School 030399, Silima Pungga Pungga District, Dairi Regency, Academic Year 2023/ 2024. Thus it is concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.