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This study aims to examine the historical origins and development of the sociology of education, explore the biographies and ideas of key scholars from both Islamic and Western traditions, and analyze their relevance in the context of modern education. The development of education has always been closely linked to social, political, and economic dynamics, which gave rise to the sociology of education as a discipline that investigates the relationship between education and social change. Contemporary challenges such as social inequality, the impacts of globalization and technological advancement, and the growing demand for the democratization of education require a comprehensive examination of the major sociological theories that have emerged over time. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method through the analysis of relevant books and scholarly journal articles. The findings indicate that the ideas of scholars such as Ibn Khaldun, Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Herbert Spencer, George Herbert Mead, Talcott Parsons, and Ali Shariati have made significant contributions to understanding the functions, conflicts, and interactions within education. Structural functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories provide complementary analytical frameworks for explaining education’s role as a means of social integration, an arena for the reproduction of inequality, and a space for the construction of meaning and identity. By adopting a comparative approach across different intellectual traditions, this study offers a holistic perspective for the development of the sociology of education in the modern era.

The exponential growth of digital technology has profoundly reshaped the communicative landscape of Muslim communities across the globe, fundamentally altering how they access information, forge religious identities, and engage in collective discourse. This study examines the imperative of building an Islamic and ethical digital ecosystem grounded in three foundational pillars of Islamic thought: theological monotheism (tawhid), Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), and moral excellence (akhlakul karimah). Employing a qualitative methodology through systematic literature review and critical discourse analysis, this research synthesizes perspectives drawn from Islamic studies, digital ethics, communication theory, and social informatics. The findings demonstrate that Islamic moral principles encompassing truthfulness (sidq), integrity (amanah), wisdom (hikmah), and justice (adl) constitute a robust and coherent normative framework for governing conduct in digital spaces. The study maps four interconnected dimensions of an Islamic digital ecosystem: theological grounding for online behavior, ethical interaction in social media environments, creative dakwah through positive content generation, and collective approaches to countering moral hazards including misinformation, cyberbullying, and digital addiction. The research concludes that without deliberate, coordinated engagement from religious scholars, educators, content creators, and policymakers, digital spaces risk amplifying moral degradation rather than fostering spiritual development. The paper proposes a multi-stakeholder model for constructing an Islamic digital culture that is genuinely value-driven, participatory, and adaptive to the evolving technological landscape rather than merely rule-compliant.

This study aims to analyze the role of educational psychology management in improving students' emotional well-being through a literature review approach. The study is motivated by the increasing emotional problems experienced by students due to academic pressures, social demands, and technological developments in the digital era. Research data were obtained from various relevant scientific articles published between 2022 and 2025 and accessed through academic databases. The analysis process was conducted by reviewing, comparing, and synthesizing research findings related to educational psychology management and students' emotional well-being. The results of the review indicate that effective educational psychology management can be implemented through empathetic approaches in learning, academic stress management, the development of emotional regulation skills, and the integration of spiritual values into the educational process. These approaches have been proven to create a conducive, safe, and supportive learning environment that optimally promotes students' emotional development. In addition, guidance and counseling services, as well as the implementation of humanistic learning management, play a significant role in maintaining students' psychological stability. Therefore, educational psychology management serves as an important strategy in realizing an educational system that is not only oriented toward academic achievement but also focused on enhancing students' overall emotional well-being.

Educational philosophy plays a significant role in developing students’ thinking abilities, especially in improving critical thinking competence and creativity. Through learning strategies that encourage students to actively ask questions, analyze, and evaluate information, students can develop into more rational, critical, and independent individuals in making decisions. This study aims to explore the role of educational philosophy in developing students’ critical reasoning competence and creativity. The research employed a qualitative method using a literature study approach. Data were obtained from various sources, including books, scientific journals, and articles relevant to the research topic. The findings show that the implementation of educational philosophy through discussions, question-and-answer methods, and experience-based learning (learning by doing) can improve students’ analytical skills while encouraging the emergence of creative and innovative ideas. In addition, a learning environment that provides students with opportunities to express their opinions can support the optimal development of their potential. Thus, educational philosophy not only functions as a theoretical foundation in education but also has practical applications in creating creative, active, and progressive learning environments. Therefore, the implementation of educational philosophy is important in producing a generation that is creative, analytical, and capable of facing the challenges of the modern era.

This study discusses the phenomenon of hoaxes among students as one of the challenges to digital literacy in the education sector. The rapid growth of digital technology and social media has made information easier for students to access. However, this development also increases the spread of false information and hoaxes among young people. This research used a qualitative approach whit a literature study method by riviewing various publications related to digital literacy and misinformation. The findings show that the apread of hoaxes among students is caused by several factors, such as limited digital literacy skills, emotional influences, social enviroments, technological developments. And weak critical thingking abilities. In addition, social media algorithms and digital culture also play an important role in accelerating the spread of misleading information. Therefore, strengthening digital literacy is considered important as a preventive effort, especially through improving critical thingking skills, information verification abilities, and ethical awareness ehwn using digital media. The study concludes that cooperation between schools, families, government, and socienty is necessary to improve students’ digital literacy skills so that the spread of hoaxes in the digital era can be reduced.

This study examines how digital literacy influences students’ critical thinking skills in the educational process during the digital era. The research used a literature review method by analyzing various scientific publications related to digital literacy and critical thinking. The findings indicate that digital literacy has a positive and significant effect on students’ critical thinking abilities. Students with higher digital literacy skills are more capable of accessing, analyzing, evaluating, and using information effectively. Digitally literate students can also identify reliable information sources, avoid misinformation and scams, and make logical decisions and plans. In addition, technologies such as social media and artificial intelligence can support learning when accompanied by strong analytical skills. Therefore, the ability to use digital tools effectively is essential for modern educators who aim to improve learning quality and enhance student achievement in today’s digital learning environment. These findings highlight the importance of integrating digital literacy instruction into educational practices at all learning levels.

The rapid development of digital technology has encouraged schools to adapt counseling services to the needs of students in the modern era. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the transformation of guidance and counseling services toward the digital era through a digital counseling audit at SMP N 18 Medan. The study used a descriptive evaluative approach with mixed methods involving guidance counselors and students as research subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation related to digital counseling services. The findings showed that digital counseling services had begun to be implemented through online communication media such as WhatsApp and digital learning materials. Both counselors and students responded positively to the implementation of digital counseling because it was considered more flexible and accessible. However, the audit results indicated that the school was still in the transition category because several aspects such as digital databases, online assessment systems, and integrated counseling platforms had not been fully developed. The study implies that schools need to strengthen digital infrastructure, improve counselor digital competence, and develop more integrated counseling systems to support student needs in the digital era.

The rapid development of social media in the digital era brings both positive and negative impacts on society. One of the most concerning negative impacts is the widespread dissemination of hoaxes or false information that threatens social stability, religious harmony, and national security. Indonesia, as one of the largest social media user countries in the world, faces serious challenges in addressing this issue. This study aims to examine the role of digital literacy in countering the spread of hoaxes on social media from the perspective of Islamic values. The method used is a library research with a descriptive qualitative approach, drawing from the Qur’an, hadith, scientific journals, and relevant national and international literature. The findings indicate that good digital literacy, encompassing the ability to identify, verify, and critically filter information, is aligned with Islamic principles such as tabayyun (clarification), amar ma’ruf nahi munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil), and the prohibition of spreading false information (slander). Islam firmly encourages its followers to be critical, selective, and responsible in receiving and disseminating information. The integration of Islamic values with digital literacy competencies can shape individuals who are not only technologically intelligent but also morally upright in the digital space. Therefore, the internalization of Islamic values in digital literacy practice is an effective and holistic strategy in minimizing the spread of hoaxes on social media.

This study aims to determine the influence of religious activities on adolescent behavior in daily life. Adolescence is a developmental phase that is vulnerable to various environmental influences, both positive and negative. Therefore, religious activities are considered one of the efforts to develop character and morality that can shape adolescents’ behavior in a positive direction. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation involving adolescents who actively participated in religious activities at school and within the community. The data were analyzed using simple statistical analysis techniques to identify the relationship and influence between the intensity of religious activities and adolescent behavior. The results showed that religious activities have a positive influence on adolescent behavior, particularly in aspects such as discipline, responsibility, politeness, social awareness, and self-control. Adolescents who actively participate in religious activities tend to demonstrate better behavior compared to those who are less involved. In addition, religious activities also contribute to reducing deviant behaviors among adolescents, such as juvenile delinquency, negative social interactions, and lack of respect toward parents and teachers. Therefore, religious activities can serve as an effective means of character building and strengthening moral values among adolescents in the modern era.

This study is motivated by the growing gap between the normative principle of humanity in global human rights law and the practice of limiting violence in increasingly complex contemporary conflicts, particularly in the context of asymmetric warfare and the use of modern technology. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the integration between the principle of humanity in international law—especially through the principles of proportionality and distinction—and the framework of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory, which is oriented toward maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah and substantive justice. This research employs a normative juridical approach using a literature study method with a conceptual and comparative analysis of various sources of international law and contemporary Islamic law. The findings indicate that the procedural and calculative nature of global human rights law has not fully addressed the complexity of humanitarian impacts in modern conflicts, thereby necessitating a more holistic approach. The integration with Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory proves to enrich the analysis by emphasizing the protection of life, public welfare, and a substantive evaluation of the impacts of violence, both direct and long-term. The implications of this study highlight the importance of reconstructing a paradigm of violence limitation that is more adaptive, humanistic, and contextual through a synthesis of universal values and Islamic ethical-theological principles in order to strengthen the protection of human dignity in the contemporary era.  

This paper examines the paradigm of Islamic philosophy of education from postmodern and reconstructivist perspectives as an effort to construct a critical, humanistic, and transformative educational framework. The dominance of modernism, characterized by instrumental rationality and an excessive emphasis on technical efficiency, has contributed to spiritual crises, alienation, and dehumanization within educational practices. As a response, postmodernism challenges rational absolutism and creates space for spirituality, intercultural dialogue, ethical reflection, and value pluralism. In this context, Islamic education possesses significant potential to function as a liberating and enlightening movement through the integration of tawhid-based principles, human dignity, and social justice. Meanwhile, reconstructivism views education not merely as the transmission of knowledge but as a dynamic process of social reconstruction aimed at fostering ethical awareness and collective responsibility. This study proposes a synthesis between Islamic philosophical foundations and contemporary thought—postmodernism, critical theory, and reconstructivism—to formulate a renewed and globally relevant direction for Islamic education in the modern era.

The development of digital technology in the Society 5.0 era has significant implications for the education system, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. This era places humans at the center of technological development, thus demanding Islamic education to remain relevant, adaptive, and oriented towards humanitarian values. This study aims to analyze and reconstruct the objectives, materials, and strategies of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning to align with the characteristics and challenges of the Society 5.0 era. This study uses a literature review approach through a review of various scientific sources in the form of books, articles, and other sources. The results of the study indicate that the reconstruction of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning encompasses three main aspects. First, the learning objectives are directed at developing students who are faithful, have noble character, possess 21st-century competencies, and are able to utilize technology wisely. Second, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning materials need to be developed adaptively, contextually, and integrated with digital technology without eliminating the foundation of the Qur'an and Hadith. Third, Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategies in the Society 5.0 era emphasize a humanistic, participatory approach, discovery learning, and blended learning that combines face-to-face and digital learning. This reconstruction is expected to produce a relevant, innovative Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning model that is oriented toward character building and strengthening Islamic values ​​amidst modern technological developments.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the education sector has undergone major changes. These changes bring great opportunities to change the learning process to be more personal, effective, and inclusive. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the potential and challenges that need to be faced in the application of AI in education so that it can run optimally. The method used in this study is the literature review method of various recent studies that discuss the use of AI in education, The results of the study show that AI has great potential to improve the personalization of learning and educational efficiency. However, there are number of significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, privacy and data security issues, resistance from educators and students, and the digital divide that still occurs in several regions. Therefore, a strategy is needed that includes a academic laziness that reduces learning motivation, constraints on AI contextual knowledge, Inability to process complex information, loss of literacy skills, amd the risk of addiction to AI technology. With a planned and sustainable strategy, AI has great potential to improve the quality of national education and also reduce the dangers that may arise from the modern technological era.  

This study aims to analyze the role of Collaborative Governance in the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by Bank BRI Jombang Branch as an alternative strategy to enhance financial access. Utilizing the theoretical framework of Ansell and Gash, this study examines how the dimensions of starting conditions, facilitative leadership, and institutional design influence the effectiveness of inter-actor synergy in bridging access gaps that are unreachable through single-actor approaches. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with bank management, village officials, and community leaders, supported by field observations and document analysis. The findings indicate that collaboration effectively mitigates information asymmetry and credit risks through a trust-based "social collateral" mechanism managed by local actors. Empirically, this collaborative intervention successfully reduced community dependence on informal high-interest lenders (moneylenders) significantly from 40% to 10% in the target area, and transformed customer behavior from merely holding passive accounts to becoming active users of productive financial services for micro-business development. It can be concluded that Collaborative Governance has successfully shifted the role of State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) CSR from mere transactional philanthropy to an inclusive strategic empowerment instrument. Nevertheless, this success still faces challenges regarding the discrepancy between rigid banking administrative standards and the simpler economic practices of rural communities, as well as a significant digital literacy gap. This study recommends the adoption of a more adaptive institutional design through the simplification of verification procedures for vulnerable groups and the strengthening of hybrid-model mentoring, to ensure the program remains effective and supports the sustainability of community economic independence in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the simultaneous effect of implementing Canva, an interactive visual media, in Science (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam/IPA) and the application of the Deep Learning approach (in-depth and contextual learning) in English on improving students' learning motivation at SMP Negeri 3 Galesong Selatan. Learning motivation is measured as a dependent variable crucial for academic success in the digital era. This research uses a Mixed Methods design with an embedded quasi-experimental model, supported by descriptive qualitative data through in-depth observations and interviews. The research sample consists of seventh-grade students who were the subjects of the Canva intervention in Science, and eighth-grade students who were the subjects of the Deep Learning intervention in English, each compared with a control group. The results of the paired t-test hypothesis test showed a significant and positive increase in students' learning motivation in both intervention groups. Qualitatively, Canva proved effective in visualizing complex Science concepts, facilitating understanding and creativity. Meanwhile, Deep Learning successfully contextualized English through authentic projects, enhancing material relevance and student independence. The main conclusion of this study is that the combination of visual technology innovation and the adoption of pedagogy focused on in-depth understanding is a transformative strategy for fostering strong intrinsic learning motivation at the junior high school level.

This study aims to explore the historical and intellectual trajectory of physical education tracing its evolution from ancient civilizations to the modern era. Through a comprehensive analysis of the social cultural and scientific dimensions that have shaped the objectives and methods of this vital educational field the research investigates how physical education has always been interwoven with the prevailing religious political and philosophical ideologies of its time. Adopting a historical-analytical methodology the study examines key transitional phases—from the use of physical education in ancient societies for religious rites and military preparation through its marginalization during the conservative religious dominance of the Middle Ages to its revival during the Renaissance and Enlightenment where humanistic philosophies re-established the unity of body and mind within a holistic worldview. In the modern era physical education has emerged as an institutionalized and science-based discipline grounded in biology psychology and pedagogy. It has moved beyond its traditional functions to become a transformative tool for developing a well-rounded human being—physically mentally and socially. The findings reveal that the development of physical education over time was neither superficial nor merely procedural. Rather it reflected profound shifts in perceptions of the human body and its place within broader value systems. The comparison between ancient and modern perspectives highlights a significant shift: from shaping obedient bodies under authority to empowering individuals through self-awareness psychological well-being and active civic participation. Contemporary physical education therefore is no longer confined to physical performance; it serves as a holistic approach to preparing individuals to meet life’s challenges with balance and adaptability. The study recommends a re-evaluation of modern curricula to incorporate the rich historical and philosophical legacy of physical education along with greater integration of psychological and social dimensions within its pedagogical aims. It further calls for comparative research grounded in culturally nuanced frameworks that link past insights with present needs contributing to the creation of more humane and integrated educational models. Finally, the research underscores the critical role of specialized physical education instructors and advocates for their training to include leadership guidance and psychosocial support competencies beyond technical instruction.

Learning motivation is a crucial factor influencing student success in the learning process at school. However, in reality, many students still suffer from low learning motivation, characterized by a lack of interest in lessons, passive behavior, and a tendency to engage in negative behavior in the school environment. This study aims to explore in-depth the strategies used by teachers to improve student learning motivation in junior high schools (SMP). This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation with 3 teachers experienced in teaching students with diverse backgrounds and characteristics. The results show that teachers employ various strategies to improve learning motivation, including building positive emotional relationships between teachers and students, creating a pleasant classroom atmosphere, implementing active learning methods, and providing positive reinforcement such as praise and rewards. These strategies have proven effective in increasing student engagement, self-confidence, and responsibility for the learning process. This study confirms that the role of teachers is not only as instructors but also as motivators and mentors, significantly influencing the development of students' enthusiasm for learning. The implications of this research demonstrate the importance of training and professional development for teachers to design learning strategies that adapt to the needs and characteristics of students in the modern education era.

The phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing among university students has become increasingly prevalent alongside the rapid growth of social media. This article aims to analyze the challenges and implications of mixed language practices in students’ digital interactions, while reflecting on their significance for the development of the Indonesian language in the global era. The study applies a literature-based analytical approach, using thematic synthesis to identify patterns, motivations, and functions of code-switching across various social media platforms. Findings show that students’ code-switching practices vary depending on the digital ecology of each platform. On Instagram, code-mixing often reflects prestige and modern identity construction. Twitter or X emphasizes communicative efficiency and community solidarity, while TikTok highlights creativity, humor, and stance-taking. The main driving factors include identity expression, practicality, prestige, and online community norms. At a global level, this phenomenon resonates with the trend of digital translanguaging, which broadens the linguistic repertoire of young generations. The study concludes that code-switching in digital spaces presents a dual implication: a potential erosion of Indonesian language norms on one hand, and an opportunity for multilingual enrichment on the other. Therefore, adaptive language policies and digital-linguistic literacy strategies are necessary to safeguard the Indonesian language while embracing creative multilingual practices among students.

This study uses a qualitative library method aimed at analyzing the use of slang from a semiotic perspective among elementary school students and its implications for Indonesian language learning. The slang frequently used by students has certain symbols, meanings, and signs that reflect group identity, social dynamics, and the cultural development of early adolescence. In this context, slang functions not only as a means of communication but also as a means of self-expression and building social relationships among peers. The use of slang among elementary school students creates a space for them to interact and understand each other, as well as strengthen social bonds within their group. This study examines various literature and previous research results on semiotic theories proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce. These theories serve as an important foundation in understanding the linguistic signs and meanings behind the use of slang. However, the uncontrolled use of slang can potentially obscure the rules of standard Indonesian. If not addressed with an appropriate pedagogical approach, this can disrupt the learning process and students' understanding of formal Indonesian. Therefore, it is important for educators to understand the dynamics of slang use among students in order to manage and direct its use in learning contexts. This way, students will not only be able to communicate well in slang but also be able to apply standard Indonesian language rules in appropriate situations, enabling them to become effective and competent communicators in today's global era. This research is expected to provide deeper insight into the importance of understanding slang in educational contexts, as well as encourage the development of more innovative and relevant teaching methods to meet the needs of students in the modern era.

The digital era has significantly transformed the external environment of educational institutions, demanding swift, strategic, and innovative adaptation to remain relevant to societal needs. Key external factors such as rapid technological advancement, evolving government policies, globalization of education, and disparities in digital access pose substantial challenges to maintaining educational quality. Institutions that fail to adapt risk falling behind in both learning quality and graduate competitiveness. This study aims to explore effective adaptation strategies for educational institutions amid these digital dynamics. Employing a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, the research analyzes various sources discussing educational responses to technological and policy developments. The findings highlight essential strategies such as integrating a technology-based curriculum, adopting digital learning platforms, enhancing educators’ digital literacy, and improving technological infrastructure to support distance learning. Strengthening institutional capacity to manage digital transformation also becomes a vital component. Furthermore, collaboration with stakeholders—government, private sector, and society—is vital for building an inclusive educational ecosystem. Community involvement and industry partnerships can support resource development and ensure curriculum relevance. However, implementation barriers remain, including insufficient teacher training in digital pedagogy, unequal internet access in remote areas, and limited funding. These issues necessitate digital-oriented education policy evaluations and stronger regulatory frameworks to bridge the digital divide. The study concludes that successful adaptation goes beyond merely adopting technology. Sustainable transformation also depends on continuous evaluation and support systems. By implementing the right strategies and addressing key obstacles, educational institutions can effectively navigate digital challenges and foster sustainable, future-oriented learning environments aligned with contemporary demands.