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This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

Sex education is still taboo in society. Thus, it results in the implementation of sex education in schools not being optimal. The factor that influences the less than optimal implementation of sex education in schools is that many parents still have the wrong perception regarding sex education. Thus, through this study aims to review scientific articles in order to collect relevant sources related to the urgency of implementing sex education in schools. The method used in writing this article is a literature review. The study began by looking for articles related to the research topic to be carried out. The criteria for scientific articles used as data are in the form of scientific articles sourced from national and international journals with the latest 10 years, namely from 2015-2025. The results of the analysis of 12 journal articles obtained more developed types of literature review research and descriptive qualitative than other types of research. The results of the analysis show that sex education plays a major role in increasing self-awareness, maintaining the body, and forming good moral, social, and spiritual characters in children and adolescents. This education not only discusses the human body, but also teaches ethical values, responsibility, and how to control oneself, which need to be conveyed by paying attention to moral and religious values.

Sex education is still taboo in society. Thus, it results in the implementation of sex education in schools not being optimal. The factor that influences the less than optimal implementation of sex education in schools is that many parents still have the wrong perception regarding sex education. Thus, through this study aims to review scientific articles in order to collect relevant sources related to the urgency of implementing sex education in schools. The method used in writing this article is a literature review. The study began by looking for articles related to the research topic to be carried out. The criteria for scientific articles used as data are in the form of scientific articles sourced from national and international journals with the latest 10 years, namely from 2015-2025. The results of the analysis of 12 journal articles obtained more developed types of literature review research and descriptive qualitative than other types of research. The results of the analysis show that sex education plays a major role in increasing self-awareness, maintaining the body, and forming good moral, social, and spiritual characters in children and adolescents. This education not only discusses the human body, but also teaches ethical values, responsibility, and how to control oneself, which need to be conveyed by paying attention to moral and religious values.

This study, utilizing MindMeister, aims to examine the impact of using the mind mapping technique on the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell the content of a narrative text they have read. The research population consisted of 172 7th-grade students, with a sample size of 56 students divided into two groups: a control class and an experimental class, each comprising 28 students. The research employed a quantitative method with a true experimental design. The research instrument was a performance test, and the data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the results, the average score of students’ ability to narrate the content of a narrative text using the close reading technique was 62.21, with a standard deviation of 6.33, which falls into the “poor” category. Meanwhile, the students’ ability to retell the narrative text using the mind mapping technique with the assistance of MindMeister was 80.07, categorized as “good,” with a standard deviation of 5.48. The data indicated an improvement in the average scores between the control class, which used the intensive reading technique, and the experimental class, which applied the mind mapping technique. Through hypothesis testing, it was found that Thitung > Ttabel, thus rejecting H0 and accepting H1. This means that the use of the mind mapping technique with the help of MindMeister positively influences the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell narrative texts.

This study, utilizing MindMeister, aims to examine the impact of using the mind mapping technique on the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell the content of a narrative text they have read. The research population consisted of 172 7th-grade students, with a sample size of 56 students divided into two groups: a control class and an experimental class, each comprising 28 students. The research employed a quantitative method with a true experimental design. The research instrument was a performance test, and the data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the results, the average score of students’ ability to narrate the content of a narrative text using the close reading technique was 62.21, with a standard deviation of 6.33, which falls into the “poor” category. Meanwhile, the students’ ability to retell the narrative text using the mind mapping technique with the assistance of MindMeister was 80.07, categorized as “good,” with a standard deviation of 5.48. The data indicated an improvement in the average scores between the control class, which used the intensive reading technique, and the experimental class, which applied the mind mapping technique. Through hypothesis testing, it was found that Thitung > Ttabel, thus rejecting H0 and accepting H1. This means that the use of the mind mapping technique with the help of MindMeister positively influences the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell narrative texts.

This qualitative study investigates the effectiveness of the Duolingo English app in enhancing English learning motivation among 11th-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sawan. Motivation in language learning is a critical factor influencing proficiency and engagement. Utilizing semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this research explores how the app influences students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels. Findings reveal that DuoLingo positively impacts motivation through its interactive features and gamified learning approach, fostering a more engaging and enjoyable learning environment. Educational implications and recommendations for integrating such technology into language classrooms are discussed.

This qualitative study investigates the effectiveness of the Duolingo English app in enhancing English learning motivation among 11th-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sawan. Motivation in language learning is a critical factor influencing proficiency and engagement. Utilizing semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this research explores how the app influences students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels. Findings reveal that DuoLingo positively impacts motivation through its interactive features and gamified learning approach, fostering a more engaging and enjoyable learning environment. Educational implications and recommendations for integrating such technology into language classrooms are discussed.

Education is a process in which educators and students work together to create benefits, skilled attitudes, and personalities. In the midst of the pandemic, the government is encouraging educational institutions to change students from face-to-face learning to virtual, or distance, learning. Virtual learning remains another option when teachers cannot be in class. This research aims to understand how the learning environment influences the desire to learn. This study uses a quantitative approach. A sample of 30 sharia economics study program students at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten received a questionnaire via Google form. Data were then collected using the SPSS Version 25 program. This research found that the online learning environment influenced students' desire to study sharia economics at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. The findings show that some students experience difficulties in learning the lessons given by their teachers during online learning, which results in a decrease in their desire to learn. Therefore, to increase student motivation and learning outcomes, the quality of learning on campus must be improved.

Education is a process in which educators and students work together to create benefits, skilled attitudes, and personalities. In the midst of the pandemic, the government is encouraging educational institutions to change students from face-to-face learning to virtual, or distance, learning. Virtual learning remains another option when teachers cannot be in class. This research aims to understand how the learning environment influences the desire to learn. This study uses a quantitative approach. A sample of 30 sharia economics study program students at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten received a questionnaire via Google form. Data were then collected using the SPSS Version 25 program. This research found that the online learning environment influenced students' desire to study sharia economics at UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten. The findings show that some students experience difficulties in learning the lessons given by their teachers during online learning, which results in a decrease in their desire to learn. Therefore, to increase student motivation and learning outcomes, the quality of learning on campus must be improved.

Social media has become an inseparable part of people's lives, including in the world of education. Students can use social media for various purposes, including to support the learning process. This research aims to understand how the use of social media by Islamic Economics students at UIN SMH Banten influences their study habits. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to students to find out about the social media they use, duration of use, and purpose of use, as well as its influence on study habits. The research results show that social media has a positive and significant influence on student study habits. Simultaneously, the social media variable as a whole contributes 49.2% to the study habits variable.

Social media has become an inseparable part of people's lives, including in the world of education. Students can use social media for various purposes, including to support the learning process. This research aims to understand how the use of social media by Islamic Economics students at UIN SMH Banten influences their study habits. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to students to find out about the social media they use, duration of use, and purpose of use, as well as its influence on study habits. The research results show that social media has a positive and significant influence on student study habits. Simultaneously, the social media variable as a whole contributes 49.2% to the study habits variable.

  Abstract The role of the PKK Chair in advancing society, especially through the fields of education and literacy, has significance that cannot be underestimated. Her position as PAUD Mother, Literacy Mother, and DWP advisor, Chair of the PKK has a great influence in community development efforts. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how the role of the PKK Chair influences community development through education and literacy. Various aspects discussed include: Educational Advocacy, Organizing Educational Programs, Empowering Teachers and Education Personnel, and promoting literacy. Through his active role and involvement in these various initiatives, the PKK Chair can make a significant contribution to improving the quality of life and potential of society as a whole.      

  Abstract The role of the PKK Chair in advancing society, especially through the fields of education and literacy, has significance that cannot be underestimated. Her position as PAUD Mother, Literacy Mother, and DWP advisor, Chair of the PKK has a great influence in community development efforts. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how the role of the PKK Chair influences community development through education and literacy. Various aspects discussed include: Educational Advocacy, Organizing Educational Programs, Empowering Teachers and Education Personnel, and promoting literacy. Through his active role and involvement in these various initiatives, the PKK Chair can make a significant contribution to improving the quality of life and potential of society as a whole.      

Bullying, especially in the digital era, has become a serious concern due to its involvement in various forms of physical, verbal, and social violence. Empathy education is considered an integral solution to address this issue by instilling the ability to sense and understand the feelings of others from an early age. This article also outlines the concept of bullying, its effects on perpetrators and victims, as well as its long-term impacts. Furthermore, empathy education is discussed in-depth as a preventive and remedial strategy for bullying. Empathy is not only taught to children but is also applied to those responsible within the school. Through theoretical studies, this article correlates the concept of bullying with a lack of empathy and details the significance of empathy education in the development of students' characters. Empathy education is deemed essential as it influences positive behavior, enhances the quality of social interactions, and fosters meaningful relationships.

Bullying, especially in the digital era, has become a serious concern due to its involvement in various forms of physical, verbal, and social violence. Empathy education is considered an integral solution to address this issue by instilling the ability to sense and understand the feelings of others from an early age. This article also outlines the concept of bullying, its effects on perpetrators and victims, as well as its long-term impacts. Furthermore, empathy education is discussed in-depth as a preventive and remedial strategy for bullying. Empathy is not only taught to children but is also applied to those responsible within the school. Through theoretical studies, this article correlates the concept of bullying with a lack of empathy and details the significance of empathy education in the development of students' characters. Empathy education is deemed essential as it influences positive behavior, enhances the quality of social interactions, and fosters meaningful relationships.

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

Language is very important for human life because through it they can communicate with each other. Language is also used to communicate one's ideas, concepts, opinions, feelings and thoughts to other people. as well as a tool for personal growth and interaction with others. This research aims to find out how important it is to use Indonesian properly and correctly, what causes the widespread use of slang, especially among teenagers, and how slang influences the use of Indonesian. In processing the data in this article, the literature study method was used to study various literature. Slang has caused the decline of good and correct Indonesian language martabak. Today's society has been influenced by technological advances which have triggered the emergence of slang. National identity and Indonesian as an official language must be strengthened so that it is not influenced by slang.

Language is very important for human life because through it they can communicate with each other. Language is also used to communicate one's ideas, concepts, opinions, feelings and thoughts to other people. as well as a tool for personal growth and interaction with others. This research aims to find out how important it is to use Indonesian properly and correctly, what causes the widespread use of slang, especially among teenagers, and how slang influences the use of Indonesian. In processing the data in this article, the literature study method was used to study various literature. Slang has caused the decline of good and correct Indonesian language martabak. Today's society has been influenced by technological advances which have triggered the emergence of slang. National identity and Indonesian as an official language must be strengthened so that it is not influenced by slang.