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This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

This research examines the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana as the orientation center of the Balinese Hindu community in Ternate City, functioning not only as a place of worship but also as a hub for social and cultural activities. The study aims to describe the role of Pura Siwa Jagat Karana in the religious, social, and cultural life of the Balinese Hindu community and to analyze the challenges faced in sustaining its existence within a multicultural society. The research employs Emile Durkheim’s Structural Functionalism theory, emphasizing the role of religious institutions in maintaining social integration. A qualitative approach was applied, using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Pura Siwa Jagat Karana functions as a spiritual center, a medium for preserving Balinese culture, and a means of strengthening solidarity and identity of the Balinese Hindu community. Nevertheless, the temple faces several challenges, including limited accessibility for worshippers, changes in management, insufficient ritual facilities, dynamics in priest leadership, and constrained resources. Despite these obstacles, the temple continues to serve as a symbol of harmony and a space for interfaith dialogue that fosters peace in the heterogeneous society of Ternate.

The use of Javanese in society is an important challenge in an increasingly connected era of globalization. The phenomenon of diglossia, where two or more language variants are used in one language community, is important to research. This research aims to explore the dynamics of diglossia in Javanese-speaking communities using a sociolinguistic approach and literary studies. The literature study method is used to collect data from various relevant literary sources, including books, literature, notes and other sources. The data analyzed includes findings about the use of Javanese in various life contexts, factors that influence diglossia, and the social and cultural impact of changes in language use patterns. The research results show that social and technological changes have brought about a shift in the use of Javanese, with the younger generation tending to switch to Indonesian or foreign languages ​​in daily communication. Factors such as education level, age, social stratification, and family attitudes influence language use preferences in society. In facing these changes, efforts to develop the Javanese language are very important to maintain local language and culture in this era of globalization.

The use of Javanese in society is an important challenge in an increasingly connected era of globalization. The phenomenon of diglossia, where two or more language variants are used in one language community, is important to research. This research aims to explore the dynamics of diglossia in Javanese-speaking communities using a sociolinguistic approach and literary studies. The literature study method is used to collect data from various relevant literary sources, including books, literature, notes and other sources. The data analyzed includes findings about the use of Javanese in various life contexts, factors that influence diglossia, and the social and cultural impact of changes in language use patterns. The research results show that social and technological changes have brought about a shift in the use of Javanese, with the younger generation tending to switch to Indonesian or foreign languages ​​in daily communication. Factors such as education level, age, social stratification, and family attitudes influence language use preferences in society. In facing these changes, efforts to develop the Javanese language are very important to maintain local language and culture in this era of globalization.

The term gender has been heard by many people, but there are nevertheless many people who do not really understand the term correctly. Gender Equality is one of the problems that is generally often discussed by people to accompany the development of contemporary thinking, both inside the pre-Islamic period and in the period after the arrival of Islam. This paper discusses how gender roles were in the pre-Islamic period which at that time was still very thick with patriarchal culture. And the technique used in this study is within the shape of a literature study, namely by using data sources through literature data such as journals, articles, and internet sites without having to conduct interviews and observations to the field. The result of this paper is that inside the pre-Islamic times of arab society the women were in a time of disgrace and were so demeaned that they became a symbol of the scum and filth of society in that era, but everything changed When the Messenger of Rasulullah SAW came to bring islam to this world, and in those days it positioned women in a noble place. Which means that among men and women there's no distinction when in social life.

The term gender has been heard by many people, but there are nevertheless many people who do not really understand the term correctly. Gender Equality is one of the problems that is generally often discussed by people to accompany the development of contemporary thinking, both inside the pre-Islamic period and in the period after the arrival of Islam. This paper discusses how gender roles were in the pre-Islamic period which at that time was still very thick with patriarchal culture. And the technique used in this study is within the shape of a literature study, namely by using data sources through literature data such as journals, articles, and internet sites without having to conduct interviews and observations to the field. The result of this paper is that inside the pre-Islamic times of arab society the women were in a time of disgrace and were so demeaned that they became a symbol of the scum and filth of society in that era, but everything changed When the Messenger of Rasulullah SAW came to bring islam to this world, and in those days it positioned women in a noble place. Which means that among men and women there's no distinction when in social life.

Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History

Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History