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This research is motivated by the lack of availability of learning media usage and conventional learning. Therefore, an effectiveness test of the periodic table of the ladder media was conducted to improve the learning outcomes of students at SMKN 1 BP BR on the topic of periodic table of elements. This research is a pre-experimental study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of media usage using data analysis techniques through pretest-posttest assessments. The population in this study is the students of class X TBSM SMKN 1 BP BR. The research instrument is a learning outcomes test consisting of 25 multiple-choice questions that have been pilot tested. The data analysis techniques used are the t-test to determine differences in learning outcomes and the N-Gain test to determine the improvement in students' understanding. The results of the study show that there are differences and improvements in students' learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the average posttest score of 86.67. The improvement in learning outcomes is also supported by hypothesis testing conducted with the t-test, obtaining a t-value (3.45) > t-table (1.21). Another supporting evidence is the average N-Gain test score of 0.75 with a high category. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the periodic table of the ladder media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes with a high category. This media is suitable for chemistry learning that is symbolic, as it will be more engaging and challenging through direct student involvement in the learning process.

This research is motivated by the lack of availability of learning media usage and conventional learning. Therefore, an effectiveness test of the periodic table of the ladder media was conducted to improve the learning outcomes of students at SMKN 1 BP BR on the topic of periodic table of elements. This research is a pre-experimental study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of media usage using data analysis techniques through pretest-posttest assessments. The population in this study is the students of class X TBSM SMKN 1 BP BR. The research instrument is a learning outcomes test consisting of 25 multiple-choice questions that have been pilot tested. The data analysis techniques used are the t-test to determine differences in learning outcomes and the N-Gain test to determine the improvement in students' understanding. The results of the study show that there are differences and improvements in students' learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the average posttest score of 86.67. The improvement in learning outcomes is also supported by hypothesis testing conducted with the t-test, obtaining a t-value (3.45) > t-table (1.21). Another supporting evidence is the average N-Gain test score of 0.75 with a high category. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the periodic table of the ladder media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes with a high category. This media is suitable for chemistry learning that is symbolic, as it will be more engaging and challenging through direct student involvement in the learning process.

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.  

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.