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Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

The background of this research is students’ mistakes in writing review texts based on linguistic level studies. This research analyzes the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax in the review text of the film entitled Alive. This research aims to obtain results of language analysis errors in grade 8 students at Shuffah Al-Jamaah Tasikmalaya Middle School. The research method uses analytical descriptive research. The sample selection method in this study used a simple random sampling method. The data collection method used is (1) accumulating the results of students’ review texts at school as a data source, (2) reading carefully all data sources, (3) marking and assigning classification codes to the data, (4) classifying data based on the form of error. Language use, (5) presenting and describing data based on forms of language use errors. The instrument used is data analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, the most dominant errors that emerged were errors in the field of phonology, namely the omission of phonemes. Apart from that, it is also often found in the field of morphology regarding reduplication, namely the use of the word repeat with a square sign. The deletion of phonemes and incorrect reduplication of writing occurs, which is done by students to shorten the writing of a word so that the writing process can be completed more quickly without paying attention to good and correct linguistic rules. Students need to concentrate and be more careful in the process of writing activities. Apart from that, teachers also need to provide direction in the form of knowledge and insight regarding the basics of good and correct linguistics to minimize the occurrence of language mistakes and mistakes.

The background of this research is students’ mistakes in writing review texts based on linguistic level studies. This research analyzes the fields of phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax in the review text of the film entitled Alive. This research aims to obtain results of language analysis errors in grade 8 students at Shuffah Al-Jamaah Tasikmalaya Middle School. The research method uses analytical descriptive research. The sample selection method in this study used a simple random sampling method. The data collection method used is (1) accumulating the results of students’ review texts at school as a data source, (2) reading carefully all data sources, (3) marking and assigning classification codes to the data, (4) classifying data based on the form of error. Language use, (5) presenting and describing data based on forms of language use errors. The instrument used is data analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, the most dominant errors that emerged were errors in the field of phonology, namely the omission of phonemes. Apart from that, it is also often found in the field of morphology regarding reduplication, namely the use of the word repeat with a square sign. The deletion of phonemes and incorrect reduplication of writing occurs, which is done by students to shorten the writing of a word so that the writing process can be completed more quickly without paying attention to good and correct linguistic rules. Students need to concentrate and be more careful in the process of writing activities. Apart from that, teachers also need to provide direction in the form of knowledge and insight regarding the basics of good and correct linguistics to minimize the occurrence of language mistakes and mistakes.

This study aims to analyze the errors in descriptive texts of class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta. This study is a descriptive qualitative type. The research instrument is the researcher himself. The data collection technique used is documentation study. The source of indicator data is the choice of words and sentences. The data is then analyzed with preliminary steps then continued to the method, results and discussion and closed with conclusions and suggestions. Based on the results of the descriptive text written by class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta, several errors were found in writing so that the sentences used were ineffective. The most common error found was an error in phonemes.

This study aims to analyze the errors in descriptive texts of class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta. This study is a descriptive qualitative type. The research instrument is the researcher himself. The data collection technique used is documentation study. The source of indicator data is the choice of words and sentences. The data is then analyzed with preliminary steps then continued to the method, results and discussion and closed with conclusions and suggestions. Based on the results of the descriptive text written by class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta, several errors were found in writing so that the sentences used were ineffective. The most common error found was an error in phonemes.

This study aims to analyze phonological and morphological errors in lifestyle column articles of the Kabar Priangan newspaper, September-October 2024 edition. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research identifies and classifies the language errors found. Data is collected through observation and note-taking techniques, where the researcher records every phonological and morphological error that appears in the text. The analysis results show various types of errors, including phoneme omission, phoneme addition, phoneme sound changes, affix usage errors, word compounding, and unnecessary word repetition. This study provides insights into the causes of errors and their impact on reader comprehension, as well as offers recommendations for improving language use in online media.

This study aims to analyze phonological and morphological errors in lifestyle column articles of the Kabar Priangan newspaper, September-October 2024 edition. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research identifies and classifies the language errors found. Data is collected through observation and note-taking techniques, where the researcher records every phonological and morphological error that appears in the text. The analysis results show various types of errors, including phoneme omission, phoneme addition, phoneme sound changes, affix usage errors, word compounding, and unnecessary word repetition. This study provides insights into the causes of errors and their impact on reader comprehension, as well as offers recommendations for improving language use in online media.

The Indonesian language learning module for high school X-grade students, created by Indri Anatya Permatasari, M.Pd, contains several writing errors. These errors include inconsistencies in punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning, which do not align with the norms of good and correct language usage. Effective sentence structure is crucial for conveying information clearly to readers. The discovery of these errors in the observation report text within the module prompted further research. The research aims to identify and address these writing errors to improve the module and enhance students' comprehension of the text. By analyzing these errors, the learning module can be tailored to better meet the needs of the students. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, with the observation report text within the Indonesian language learning module as the primary data source. The method involves thorough reading of the text, error identification, analysis, categorization, and correction. The observation report text contains facts gathered from observation activities. The research revealed four writing errors: inconsistencies in the use of punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning. These errors are attributed to the author's limited knowledge and skills in report writing.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

Understanding sentence function patterns plays a major role in reading a novel, especially in class XII. By studying the understanding of sentence function patterns, class XII students can understand the important role of sentence function patterns in a novel. This research aims to be an informative and interesting learning resource for class XII students to use novels as enrichment material and improve their language skills. This research considers the function patterns of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye and the feasibility of sentence readability as enrichment material for class XII students. The method used in this research is a qualitative-descriptive method. Qualitative descriptive methods do not rely on evidence-based systematic logic, numerical principles, or statistical methods. This research helps determine the function patterns of sentences through the functions, categories, and roles of sentences in the novel, as well as the data and data sources in this research in the form of collections of sentences in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. The data analysis technique used in this research uses the AGH method. The results of this research found sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye. There are two S-P sentence patterns; there are three S-P-O sentence patterns; there are three S-P-Pel sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-Pel sentence patterns; there are three S-P-K sentence patterns; there are four S-P-O-K sentence patterns; there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns; and there are five S-P-O-Pel-K sentence patterns. Analysis of sentences based on function found the following sentence function patterns: S, P, O, and K. Analysis of sentences based on categories found in sentences is as follows: Function S is in the noun category. Function P is categorized as an adjective or verb. Function O is in the noun category. Ket functions are categorized as verbs, adjectives, and verb phrases. The analysis of sentences based on the roles found in the sentences is as follows: S's function is to act as an actor. Function P acts as a command or action. Function O acts as a sufferer. The functions of information are time, nature, and circumstances. Apart from that, the sentence function patterns in the novel "Pulang" by Tere Liye are suitable as enrichment material for class not good, accuracy in finding sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in finding sentence function patterns, accuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, inaccuracy in preparing sentence function patterns, effectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels, and ineffectiveness in reading story text narratives in novels. The results of this research can provide knowledge and insight into an understanding of In this research, understanding sentence function patterns for class XII students is very important to ensure that the teaching materials presented can be understood and applied by the class.

The Indonesian language learning module for high school X-grade students, created by Indri Anatya Permatasari, M.Pd, contains several writing errors. These errors include inconsistencies in punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning, which do not align with the norms of good and correct language usage. Effective sentence structure is crucial for conveying information clearly to readers. The discovery of these errors in the observation report text within the module prompted further research. The research aims to identify and address these writing errors to improve the module and enhance students' comprehension of the text. By analyzing these errors, the learning module can be tailored to better meet the needs of the students. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, with the observation report text within the Indonesian language learning module as the primary data source. The method involves thorough reading of the text, error identification, analysis, categorization, and correction. The observation report text contains facts gathered from observation activities. The research revealed four writing errors: inconsistencies in the use of punctuation marks, diction, conjunctions, and inappropriate meaning. These errors are attributed to the author's limited knowledge and skills in report writing.

Teaching writing is not easy. Teacher needs to think the appropriate and effective medium that will be able to attract the students’ interest. Due to this case, an animated video was chosen as a medium to facilitate students' learning process to be more interactive and attract students' interest for composing, particularly to write Descriptive Texts. The research explored the use animated videos to teach descriptive text in grade seventh academic year 2023/2024 at MTsN 6 Tulungagung. The type of experiment utilized is a Quantitative with Pre-Experiment Designs. The sample consisted of 31 students as control group. There are three steps conducting this research: pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The expert formed the validation of the questions. Based of the data analysis results, the pre-experimental class’s mean scores 76.35 and 86.32 in the post-test. Researchers found that the score of Sig. (2-Tailed) is 0.001 less than 0.05, therefore H0 is denied by acceptance of Ha. So in this case it was concluded that the differences in the analysis of the mean between the results of the pre and post-test meant that there were effects of using the animated video as the medium of learning in writing Descriptive Text in class VII in the 2023/2024 school year at MTsN 6 Tulungagung.

Teaching writing is not easy. Teacher needs to think the appropriate and effective medium that will be able to attract the students’ interest. Due to this case, an animated video was chosen as a medium to facilitate students' learning process to be more interactive and attract students' interest for composing, particularly to write Descriptive Texts. The research explored the use animated videos to teach descriptive text in grade seventh academic year 2023/2024 at MTsN 6 Tulungagung. The type of experiment utilized is a Quantitative with Pre-Experiment Designs. The sample consisted of 31 students as control group. There are three steps conducting this research: pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The expert formed the validation of the questions. Based of the data analysis results, the pre-experimental class’s mean scores 76.35 and 86.32 in the post-test. Researchers found that the score of Sig. (2-Tailed) is 0.001 less than 0.05, therefore H0 is denied by acceptance of Ha. So in this case it was concluded that the differences in the analysis of the mean between the results of the pre and post-test meant that there were effects of using the animated video as the medium of learning in writing Descriptive Text in class VII in the 2023/2024 school year at MTsN 6 Tulungagung.

This study looks at the meanings of words and their context in Maya Angelou’s poem "Still I Rise." This poem is well-known for its message of strength and empowerment, especially for African American women during the civil rights movement. Using a qualitative approach, this research combines examining the text and interpreting its context. The lexical analysis looks at dictionary definitions of important words in the poem and their deeper meanings within the poem’s context. The contextual interpretation places the poem within the larger historical and cultural background of Angelou's life and the civil rights era. The findings show that Angelou’s use of language not only strengthens the poem’s themes of defiance and self-worth but also deeply connects with the socio-political climate of its time. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the lexical and contextual meanings of some of the lines in Angelou's literary work "Still I Rise" as well as in discussions of race, identity and empowerment.

This study looks at the meanings of words and their context in Maya Angelou’s poem "Still I Rise." This poem is well-known for its message of strength and empowerment, especially for African American women during the civil rights movement. Using a qualitative approach, this research combines examining the text and interpreting its context. The lexical analysis looks at dictionary definitions of important words in the poem and their deeper meanings within the poem’s context. The contextual interpretation places the poem within the larger historical and cultural background of Angelou's life and the civil rights era. The findings show that Angelou’s use of language not only strengthens the poem’s themes of defiance and self-worth but also deeply connects with the socio-political climate of its time. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the lexical and contextual meanings of some of the lines in Angelou's literary work "Still I Rise" as well as in discussions of race, identity and empowerment.

The hermeneutic approach plays an important role in the analysis of literary texts by providing in-depth insight into the interpretation of meaning, cultural context and social dynamics contained in literary works. This research aims to identify and analyze the meaning contained in modern Indonesian literary texts through a hermeneutic approach, as well as exploring the application of the results of this analysis in Madrasah Aliyah Al Amiriyyah Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach. Data was collected through analysis of modern Indonesian literary texts selected purposively. The analysis process involves stages of text interpretation, identification of main themes, and interpretation of meaning in cultural and social contexts. Research findings show that modern Indonesian literary texts contain various complex themes that reflect Indonesian social, cultural and political realities. In conclusion, hermeneutic studies of modern Indonesian literary texts help students understand the meaning of texts more deeply, as well as improve their critical and reflective skills in analyzing literary works.

The hermeneutic approach plays an important role in the analysis of literary texts by providing in-depth insight into the interpretation of meaning, cultural context and social dynamics contained in literary works. This research aims to identify and analyze the meaning contained in modern Indonesian literary texts through a hermeneutic approach, as well as exploring the application of the results of this analysis in Madrasah Aliyah Al Amiriyyah Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a hermeneutic approach. Data was collected through analysis of modern Indonesian literary texts selected purposively. The analysis process involves stages of text interpretation, identification of main themes, and interpretation of meaning in cultural and social contexts. Research findings show that modern Indonesian literary texts contain various complex themes that reflect Indonesian social, cultural and political realities. In conclusion, hermeneutic studies of modern Indonesian literary texts help students understand the meaning of texts more deeply, as well as improve their critical and reflective skills in analyzing literary works.

Fifth grade elementary school teachers are able to determine their students' reading literacy abilities. The aim of the research is to narrate the fifth grade reading literacy skills from the perspective of the fifth grade elementary school teacher. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used was interviews. The data analysis technique applied is descriptive qualitative data analysis to discuss research results and determine conclusions. There were 26 fifth grade students who were the subjects of the research. The research results showed that fifth grade students had good reading literacy skills in understanding various fiction and non-fiction texts, although there were three students with special needs who were still having difficulties. There are 26 out of 26 students who regularly borrow and read various books in the library every Friday. Morning literacy and literacy activities every Friday after gymnastics make students' literacy skills better. There were also 23 out of 26 students who were able to understand the content of reading fairy tales, short stories, explanatory texts, math story problems and thematic lesson material. This research can be applied for consideration by teachers in improving the reading literacy skills of fifth grade students.

Fifth grade elementary school teachers are able to determine their students' reading literacy abilities. The aim of the research is to narrate the fifth grade reading literacy skills from the perspective of the fifth grade elementary school teacher. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used was interviews. The data analysis technique applied is descriptive qualitative data analysis to discuss research results and determine conclusions. There were 26 fifth grade students who were the subjects of the research. The research results showed that fifth grade students had good reading literacy skills in understanding various fiction and non-fiction texts, although there were three students with special needs who were still having difficulties. There are 26 out of 26 students who regularly borrow and read various books in the library every Friday. Morning literacy and literacy activities every Friday after gymnastics make students' literacy skills better. There were also 23 out of 26 students who were able to understand the content of reading fairy tales, short stories, explanatory texts, math story problems and thematic lesson material. This research can be applied for consideration by teachers in improving the reading literacy skills of fifth grade students.