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The article titled “The Philosophical Meaning of ‘Sega Golong’ as a Form of Resolve in the Serat Babad Bendaran” aims to explain the philosophy of sega golong as a form of resolve and to describe the various forms of resolve found in the Serat Babad Bendaran as a reflection of the sega golong philosophy. This study falls under philological research, drawing its primary data from the Serat Babad Bendaran. It employs Kutha Ratna’s theory of literary anthropology. Data collection was conducted using literature review and textual analysis methods. The research methodology employed is qualitative descriptive. This study reveals that the philosophy of sega golong, as a form of resolve, is an effort or inner drive within an individual to achieve specific life goals. There are five forms of resolve in the Serat Babad Bendaran, namely courage, hard work, perseverance and initiative, and discipline. It is hoped that these forms of resolve can serve as examples in the pursuit of human life goals.

The article titled “The Philosophical Meaning of ‘Sega Golong’ as a Form of Resolve in the Serat Babad Bendaran” aims to explain the philosophy of sega golong as a form of resolve and to describe the various forms of resolve found in the Serat Babad Bendaran as a reflection of the sega golong philosophy. This study falls under philological research, drawing its primary data from the Serat Babad Bendaran. It employs Kutha Ratna’s theory of literary anthropology. Data collection was conducted using literature review and textual analysis methods. The research methodology employed is qualitative descriptive. This study reveals that the philosophy of sega golong, as a form of resolve, is an effort or inner drive within an individual to achieve specific life goals. There are five forms of resolve in the Serat Babad Bendaran, namely courage, hard work, perseverance and initiative, and discipline. It is hoped that these forms of resolve can serve as examples in the pursuit of human life goals.

Education is a fundamental human need that plays a key role in shaping behavior and contributes to the development of a successful generation in Indonesia. However, during the learning process, teachers often encounter students who struggle to grasp the concepts being taught. This is due to the fact that each student brings unique characteristics and diverse backgrounds to the classroom. Teachers, therefore, must selec and develop various teaching materials that are suited to the individual needs of their students. The ability to tailor these materials effectively requires experience and knowledge in the development and selection of appropriate teaching tools for elementary schools. This study aims to assess the ability of elementary school teachers to manage differentiated learning, specifically through a literature review. The research will also identify how teachers approach the management of differentiated learning in the classroom and analyze the factors influencing their ability to implement this approach. By examining relevant literature, the study seeks to provide insight into the current capabilities of teachers and offer recommendations for improving the management of differentiated learning. The research employs a literature review method to gather data and draw conclusions about the best practices for managing differentiated learning in elementary school settings.

Education is a fundamental human need that plays a key role in shaping behavior and contributes to the development of a successful generation in Indonesia. However, during the learning process, teachers often encounter students who struggle to grasp the concepts being taught. This is due to the fact that each student brings unique characteristics and diverse backgrounds to the classroom. Teachers, therefore, must selec and develop various teaching materials that are suited to the individual needs of their students. The ability to tailor these materials effectively requires experience and knowledge in the development and selection of appropriate teaching tools for elementary schools. This study aims to assess the ability of elementary school teachers to manage differentiated learning, specifically through a literature review. The research will also identify how teachers approach the management of differentiated learning in the classroom and analyze the factors influencing their ability to implement this approach. By examining relevant literature, the study seeks to provide insight into the current capabilities of teachers and offer recommendations for improving the management of differentiated learning. The research employs a literature review method to gather data and draw conclusions about the best practices for managing differentiated learning in elementary school settings.

Polysemy is an important semantic phenomenon in Indonesian language learning in elementary schools because one word form can have more than one interrelated meaning. Understanding polysemy affects students' reading skills, text comprehension, and literacy development. However, studies that specifically examine polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials are still limited. This study aims to examine the forms of polysemy, how they are presented in Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools, and their implications for student understanding. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review design. Data were obtained from semantics books and national and international journal articles published between 2017 and 2024 that were relevant to the research topic. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials appears in the form of context-based, functional, and extended meanings, with a presentation that is not yet fully systematic, thus potentially causing misconceptions and affecting students' reading comprehension.

Polysemy is an important semantic phenomenon in Indonesian language learning in elementary schools because one word form can have more than one interrelated meaning. Understanding polysemy affects students' reading skills, text comprehension, and literacy development. However, studies that specifically examine polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials are still limited. This study aims to examine the forms of polysemy, how they are presented in Indonesian language textbooks for elementary schools, and their implications for student understanding. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review design. Data were obtained from semantics books and national and international journal articles published between 2017 and 2024 that were relevant to the research topic. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques. The results of the study show that polysemy in elementary school Indonesian language materials appears in the form of context-based, functional, and extended meanings, with a presentation that is not yet fully systematic, thus potentially causing misconceptions and affecting students' reading comprehension.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

This research is entitled "Syair Ghayati Karya Karya Ibrahim Tuqan (Study of 'Arudh Science)" which aims to analyze the ghayati poetry by the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan using the science of 'arudh. The main focus of this research is to identify the patterns or bahr syi'riyyah used in the poetry and examine the various changes that appear in it. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method because the object of study is a literary text that is analyzed in depth, then the results are presented in the form of a narrative description. The data sources for this research were obtained through literature studies by reviewing books, journals, and other relevant documents. Based on the results of the analysis, Ibrahim Tuqan's ghayati poetry uses the raml majzu' pattern as the basic structure of the poetry. In addition, changes were also found in the form of zihaf khabn and zihaf 'illah which occurred in several parts of the verse, although there was no 'illah found in the entire poetry. Thus, this research shows how the application of the science of 'arudh can reveal the beauty and dynamics in classical Arabic literary works.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.

Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes the importance of providing educational services for all children, including children with special needs (ABK), in a regular school environment. This concept is based on the philosophy that all students, regardless of physical, intellectual, social, or emotional differences, have the right to receive quality education. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources to explore the role of teachers, challenges, and implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that teachers have a central role as facilitators, collaborators, motivators, and developers of adaptive curriculum. However, in practice, there are various challenges, such as lack of training, limited facilities, an inflexible curriculum, and social stigma against ABK. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen teacher competence, increase policy support, and synergy between schools, families, and communities in realizing inclusive, fair, and quality education.

Inclusive education is an approach that emphasizes the importance of providing educational services for all children, including children with special needs (ABK), in a regular school environment. This concept is based on the philosophy that all students, regardless of physical, intellectual, social, or emotional differences, have the right to receive quality education. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing various sources to explore the role of teachers, challenges, and implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that teachers have a central role as facilitators, collaborators, motivators, and developers of adaptive curriculum. However, in practice, there are various challenges, such as lack of training, limited facilities, an inflexible curriculum, and social stigma against ABK. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen teacher competence, increase policy support, and synergy between schools, families, and communities in realizing inclusive, fair, and quality education.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Technological development has brought significant changes to the world of education, notably through the implementation of digital learning systems. However, these changes have also significantly impacted students' mental health. This research aims to analyze various factors affecting students' mental health in the digital learning era and to identify their impacts. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology using various published journals. Analysis was conducted using Huber and Miles' interactive analysis model. The results reveal that high academic workload, lack of social interaction, technology dependence, inequitable learning access, and limited emotional support are the main factors affecting students' mental health. Common impacts include academic stress, anxiety, mild to severe depression, digital fatigue, and physical health disorders. Therefore, collaborative efforts from students, families, educational institutions, and government are needed to create a healthy digital learning system.

Technological development has brought significant changes to the world of education, notably through the implementation of digital learning systems. However, these changes have also significantly impacted students' mental health. This research aims to analyze various factors affecting students' mental health in the digital learning era and to identify their impacts. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology using various published journals. Analysis was conducted using Huber and Miles' interactive analysis model. The results reveal that high academic workload, lack of social interaction, technology dependence, inequitable learning access, and limited emotional support are the main factors affecting students' mental health. Common impacts include academic stress, anxiety, mild to severe depression, digital fatigue, and physical health disorders. Therefore, collaborative efforts from students, families, educational institutions, and government are needed to create a healthy digital learning system.

Sex education is still taboo in society. Thus, it results in the implementation of sex education in schools not being optimal. The factor that influences the less than optimal implementation of sex education in schools is that many parents still have the wrong perception regarding sex education. Thus, through this study aims to review scientific articles in order to collect relevant sources related to the urgency of implementing sex education in schools. The method used in writing this article is a literature review. The study began by looking for articles related to the research topic to be carried out. The criteria for scientific articles used as data are in the form of scientific articles sourced from national and international journals with the latest 10 years, namely from 2015-2025. The results of the analysis of 12 journal articles obtained more developed types of literature review research and descriptive qualitative than other types of research. The results of the analysis show that sex education plays a major role in increasing self-awareness, maintaining the body, and forming good moral, social, and spiritual characters in children and adolescents. This education not only discusses the human body, but also teaches ethical values, responsibility, and how to control oneself, which need to be conveyed by paying attention to moral and religious values.

Sex education is still taboo in society. Thus, it results in the implementation of sex education in schools not being optimal. The factor that influences the less than optimal implementation of sex education in schools is that many parents still have the wrong perception regarding sex education. Thus, through this study aims to review scientific articles in order to collect relevant sources related to the urgency of implementing sex education in schools. The method used in writing this article is a literature review. The study began by looking for articles related to the research topic to be carried out. The criteria for scientific articles used as data are in the form of scientific articles sourced from national and international journals with the latest 10 years, namely from 2015-2025. The results of the analysis of 12 journal articles obtained more developed types of literature review research and descriptive qualitative than other types of research. The results of the analysis show that sex education plays a major role in increasing self-awareness, maintaining the body, and forming good moral, social, and spiritual characters in children and adolescents. This education not only discusses the human body, but also teaches ethical values, responsibility, and how to control oneself, which need to be conveyed by paying attention to moral and religious values.

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.