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Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.

This study aims to analyze seven semantic meanings in Syi'ir Tanpo Waton by KH Muhammad Nizam As-Shofa using Leech's theory of meaning. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences in the text of the poem accessed through the NU Online page. The results of the study indicate that Syi'ir Tanpo Waton contains various types of semantic meanings, namely conceptual, connotative, social, affective, reflective, collocative, and thematic meanings. The most dominant conceptual and connotative meanings describe the vertical relationship between humans and God, as well as deep spiritual values. The social meaning emphasizes inclusiveness and Javanese culture, while the affective meaning reflects religious emotions in the form of praise, prayer, and hope. The reflective meaning shows layers of multiple meanings, while the collocative meaning builds associations of related words. Thematic meaning emphasizes the urgency of worship, knowledge, and praise to God as the main themes.

This study aims to analyze seven semantic meanings in Syi'ir Tanpo Waton by KH Muhammad Nizam As-Shofa using Leech's theory of meaning. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences in the text of the poem accessed through the NU Online page. The results of the study indicate that Syi'ir Tanpo Waton contains various types of semantic meanings, namely conceptual, connotative, social, affective, reflective, collocative, and thematic meanings. The most dominant conceptual and connotative meanings describe the vertical relationship between humans and God, as well as deep spiritual values. The social meaning emphasizes inclusiveness and Javanese culture, while the affective meaning reflects religious emotions in the form of praise, prayer, and hope. The reflective meaning shows layers of multiple meanings, while the collocative meaning builds associations of related words. Thematic meaning emphasizes the urgency of worship, knowledge, and praise to God as the main themes.

This study aims to know the form and form of moral values contained in the novel of the love of ayu utami in her daily life. the method used is qualitative. The object of research in the novel love story of entrico, this study will focus on analyzing moral values in the novel. Data collection techniques are reading and notes. The reading technique is carried out by reading the story novel of enriek repeatedly and as a whole to clearly understand the contents of the story novel Enico by Utami's love story. Then the next step is to look for moral values in the novel langakah the next is to record the moral values contained in the novel Enico love story. This recording technique is to determine and analyze moral values in the novel of Enico's love story. The results of the study showed that the novel of the love story of Enico by ayu Utami includes, moral, religious, and education values. The moral value that we learn in Enrico love story is, as humans should have a clear life goal so that in the future we get life and kebahagin. The religious value is seen from his parents who are one religious Muslim and others are Christians, then Enrico himself does not choose a religion and belief. The value of education, namely Enrico, continues his education at a university in one of the universities in Bandung which is known as ITB, majoring in mining.

This study aims to know the form and form of moral values contained in the novel of the love of ayu utami in her daily life. the method used is qualitative. The object of research in the novel love story of entrico, this study will focus on analyzing moral values in the novel. Data collection techniques are reading and notes. The reading technique is carried out by reading the story novel of enriek repeatedly and as a whole to clearly understand the contents of the story novel Enico by Utami's love story. Then the next step is to look for moral values in the novel langakah the next is to record the moral values contained in the novel Enico love story. This recording technique is to determine and analyze moral values in the novel of Enico's love story. The results of the study showed that the novel of the love story of Enico by ayu Utami includes, moral, religious, and education values. The moral value that we learn in Enrico love story is, as humans should have a clear life goal so that in the future we get life and kebahagin. The religious value is seen from his parents who are one religious Muslim and others are Christians, then Enrico himself does not choose a religion and belief. The value of education, namely Enrico, continues his education at a university in one of the universities in Bandung which is known as ITB, majoring in mining.

This study aims to analyze the errors in the use of the numerals "er" and "liang" by class VII students of SMP Wahidin in the academic year 2023/2024. This study uses a qualitative research method with elicitation and interview techniques to describe the types of errors and factors causing errors made by class VII students of SMP Wahidin in the academic year 2023/2024. The results of the data analysis prove that students still make many mistakes in using the numerals "er" and "liang". The types of errors made by class VII students of SMP Wahidin when using the numerals "er" and "liang" consist of 178 selection errors, 80 sequencing errors, 4 addition errors and 2 subtraction errors. While the factors causing errors consist of mother tongue interference as many as 12 people, lack of discussion of the material as many as 2 people, Mandarin language learning strategies as many as 2 people and teachers who are not serious in teaching as many as 8 people.

This study aims to analyze the errors in the use of the numerals "er" and "liang" by class VII students of SMP Wahidin in the academic year 2023/2024. This study uses a qualitative research method with elicitation and interview techniques to describe the types of errors and factors causing errors made by class VII students of SMP Wahidin in the academic year 2023/2024. The results of the data analysis prove that students still make many mistakes in using the numerals "er" and "liang". The types of errors made by class VII students of SMP Wahidin when using the numerals "er" and "liang" consist of 178 selection errors, 80 sequencing errors, 4 addition errors and 2 subtraction errors. While the factors causing errors consist of mother tongue interference as many as 12 people, lack of discussion of the material as many as 2 people, Mandarin language learning strategies as many as 2 people and teachers who are not serious in teaching as many as 8 people.

Association is the process of changing meaning as a result of similar characteristics. The meaning contained in a word will sometimes experience a change in meaning/shift in meaning when the word is combined with other words. This research aims to find out the words that have association meaning in Yudhiswara's poetry collection Rain Escapes in Sela Jari. The research method in this study is descriptive qualitative. The theory used in this research is the theory of semantic studies on changes in meaning. The data in this research is in the form of words, phrases/idioms that have associations and the data source in this research is a collection of poems Hujan Lolos di Sela Jari by Yudhiswara.  The data collection technique in this research uses reading and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research is classifying the data including metaphorical meaning changes, analyzing the data and making conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the poem Rain Escapes in Sela Jari is in the form of compound words that contain associations of meaning, the association of meaning tells about love and tells about nature. This shows that in the poem that has been analyzed, the poet uses many words, phrases/idioms to express the feelings experienced by the reader. The reader is also carried away when reading a poem that tells about love that is hindered by time, circumstances, and places.

Association is the process of changing meaning as a result of similar characteristics. The meaning contained in a word will sometimes experience a change in meaning/shift in meaning when the word is combined with other words. This research aims to find out the words that have association meaning in Yudhiswara's poetry collection Rain Escapes in Sela Jari. The research method in this study is descriptive qualitative. The theory used in this research is the theory of semantic studies on changes in meaning. The data in this research is in the form of words, phrases/idioms that have associations and the data source in this research is a collection of poems Hujan Lolos di Sela Jari by Yudhiswara.  The data collection technique in this research uses reading and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research is classifying the data including metaphorical meaning changes, analyzing the data and making conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the poem Rain Escapes in Sela Jari is in the form of compound words that contain associations of meaning, the association of meaning tells about love and tells about nature. This shows that in the poem that has been analyzed, the poet uses many words, phrases/idioms to express the feelings experienced by the reader. The reader is also carried away when reading a poem that tells about love that is hindered by time, circumstances, and places.

Changes in meaning are influenced by the development of the times due to several factors. Changes in meaning can also occur in the world of literature, because literature is created using the medium of language. Language is a social creation, one of the literary works is the novel. Lord Of The Rings let me be a goddamn whore. Dahlan is an interesting novel because the story is taken from the real events of a Muslim woman who was very devout worship and then became a prostitute. In the middle of the process of becoming a kaffah/total muslimah, hit by a storm of disappointment by the organization she adored so that she finally decided to get out/run away. It is in that empty state that falls into a black world. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the form of amelioration in the novel God allow me to be a prostitute by Muhidin M. Dahlan. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The Data in this study are words derived from novel quotations, and the source of the data in this study is the novel God allow me to be a Whore By Muhidin M. Dahlan. Data collection techniques used in this study are read and record. Data analysis techniques by classifying data including amelioration, marking the words, analyzing the data in accordance with the Indonesian dictionary (KBBI) and making conclusions. The results of this study, found as many as 30 word forms that change the meaning of amelioration.

The pre-wedding procession in Mandailing tradition is a tradition that is still carried out today. Mandailing customary law regulates forms of marriage that reflect the community's kinship, cultural and religious values. Traditional weddings involve Dalihan Na Tolu—mora, kahanggi, and anak boru—as the core of the traditional procession. The wedding ceremony begins with a traditional meeting called makkobar or markkatai, where unique and formal greetings are used. Post-wedding processions such as marulahari, mangupa-upa and so on, all of this cannot be separated from the customs that are still inherent in Mandailing customs. All Mandailing traditional practices cannot be separated from the role of dalihan na tolu, especially in matters of marriage. This research uses a literature study method by analyzing traditional documents and related literature. The results show that Mandailing customs not only reflect cultural identity, but also strengthen social harmony and are able to adapt to changing times.

The pre-wedding procession in Mandailing tradition is a tradition that is still carried out today. Mandailing customary law regulates forms of marriage that reflect the community's kinship, cultural and religious values. Traditional weddings involve Dalihan Na Tolu—mora, kahanggi, and anak boru—as the core of the traditional procession. The wedding ceremony begins with a traditional meeting called makkobar or markkatai, where unique and formal greetings are used. Post-wedding processions such as marulahari, mangupa-upa and so on, all of this cannot be separated from the customs that are still inherent in Mandailing customs. All Mandailing traditional practices cannot be separated from the role of dalihan na tolu, especially in matters of marriage. This research uses a literature study method by analyzing traditional documents and related literature. The results show that Mandailing customs not only reflect cultural identity, but also strengthen social harmony and are able to adapt to changing times.

Changes in meaning are influenced by the development of the times due to several factors. Changes in meaning can also occur in the world of literature, because literature is created using the medium of language. Language is a social creation, one of the literary works is the novel. Lord Of The Rings let me be a goddamn whore. Dahlan is an interesting novel because the story is taken from the real events of a Muslim woman who was very devout worship and then became a prostitute. In the middle of the process of becoming a kaffah/total muslimah, hit by a storm of disappointment by the organization she adored so that she finally decided to get out/run away. It is in that empty state that falls into a black world. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the form of amelioration in the novel God allow me to be a prostitute by Muhidin M. Dahlan. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The Data in this study are words derived from novel quotations, and the source of the data in this study is the novel God allow me to be a Whore By Muhidin M. Dahlan. Data collection techniques used in this study are read and record. Data analysis techniques by classifying data including amelioration, marking the words, analyzing the data in accordance with the Indonesian dictionary (KBBI) and making conclusions. The results of this study, found as many as 30 word forms that change the meaning of amelioration.

This article identifies and describes "The Backward Flow Analysis In the Short Stories of Women, Broken Hearts of Whom Re-Had discovered the Quantitative Love Through Dreams of Eka Kurniawan, the purpose of this research paragraph is to provide information and describe the back dreams contained in this research method. The short story collection is Ginc This Red, Darling, Broken Heart Women Again Finding Love through Dreams, Making Happy A Elephant, Stone Story, Every Dog Can Be Happy, Burning Fire, and keep Parrot Lessons

This article identifies and describes "The Backward Flow Analysis In the Short Stories of Women, Broken Hearts of Whom Re-Had discovered the Quantitative Love Through Dreams of Eka Kurniawan, the purpose of this research paragraph is to provide information and describe the back dreams contained in this research method. The short story collection is Ginc This Red, Darling, Broken Heart Women Again Finding Love through Dreams, Making Happy A Elephant, Stone Story, Every Dog Can Be Happy, Burning Fire, and keep Parrot Lessons

In the school environment, a good assessment of the performance of guidance and counseling teachers by subject teachers reflects recognition of the contribution of guidance and counseling teachers in supporting students academically, emotionally, and socially. The purpose of this study was to see the views of subject teachers on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers in various aspects. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers. Based on the results of the analysis of the research data that have been presented, the researcher concluded that the performance of guidance and counseling teachers was assessed as good according to the perceptions of subject teachers based on several aspects, namely basic services, individual interest and planning services, responsive services and system support services.  

In the school environment, a good assessment of the performance of guidance and counseling teachers by subject teachers reflects recognition of the contribution of guidance and counseling teachers in supporting students academically, emotionally, and socially. The purpose of this study was to see the views of subject teachers on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers in various aspects. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire on the performance of guidance and counseling teachers. Based on the results of the analysis of the research data that have been presented, the researcher concluded that the performance of guidance and counseling teachers was assessed as good according to the perceptions of subject teachers based on several aspects, namely basic services, individual interest and planning services, responsive services and system support services.