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Education is a fundamental human need that plays a key role in shaping behavior and contributes to the development of a successful generation in Indonesia. However, during the learning process, teachers often encounter students who struggle to grasp the concepts being taught. This is due to the fact that each student brings unique characteristics and diverse backgrounds to the classroom. Teachers, therefore, must selec and develop various teaching materials that are suited to the individual needs of their students. The ability to tailor these materials effectively requires experience and knowledge in the development and selection of appropriate teaching tools for elementary schools. This study aims to assess the ability of elementary school teachers to manage differentiated learning, specifically through a literature review. The research will also identify how teachers approach the management of differentiated learning in the classroom and analyze the factors influencing their ability to implement this approach. By examining relevant literature, the study seeks to provide insight into the current capabilities of teachers and offer recommendations for improving the management of differentiated learning. The research employs a literature review method to gather data and draw conclusions about the best practices for managing differentiated learning in elementary school settings.

Education is a fundamental human need that plays a key role in shaping behavior and contributes to the development of a successful generation in Indonesia. However, during the learning process, teachers often encounter students who struggle to grasp the concepts being taught. This is due to the fact that each student brings unique characteristics and diverse backgrounds to the classroom. Teachers, therefore, must selec and develop various teaching materials that are suited to the individual needs of their students. The ability to tailor these materials effectively requires experience and knowledge in the development and selection of appropriate teaching tools for elementary schools. This study aims to assess the ability of elementary school teachers to manage differentiated learning, specifically through a literature review. The research will also identify how teachers approach the management of differentiated learning in the classroom and analyze the factors influencing their ability to implement this approach. By examining relevant literature, the study seeks to provide insight into the current capabilities of teachers and offer recommendations for improving the management of differentiated learning. The research employs a literature review method to gather data and draw conclusions about the best practices for managing differentiated learning in elementary school settings.

This study analyzes the similarities and differences between Japanese and Indonesian compound words, with particular attention to their structural patterns and semantic characteristics. The data were collected from official news websites in Japan and Indonesia, including Asahi Shinbun and Kompas, through observation and note-taking techniques. The collected data were analyzed through the distributional method, and the contrastive analysis was conducted based on morphological theories proposed by Chaer (2015), Katamba (2018), and Kageyama (2016). The findings reveal that ten Japanese and Indonesian compound words share equivalent meanings. From a structural perspective, both languages exhibit various types of compound formations, including noun, adjective, and verb compounds. A notable structural difference is that Japanese compound words may undergo a phonological process known as rendaku. From a semantic perspective, compound words in both languages may be categorized as endocentric and exocentric. However, some compounds do not share the same idiomatic meanings, even though they are constructed from identical lexemes in each language.  

This study analyzes the similarities and differences between Japanese and Indonesian compound words, with particular attention to their structural patterns and semantic characteristics. The data were collected from official news websites in Japan and Indonesia, including Asahi Shinbun and Kompas, through observation and note-taking techniques. The collected data were analyzed through the distributional method, and the contrastive analysis was conducted based on morphological theories proposed by Chaer (2015), Katamba (2018), and Kageyama (2016). The findings reveal that ten Japanese and Indonesian compound words share equivalent meanings. From a structural perspective, both languages exhibit various types of compound formations, including noun, adjective, and verb compounds. A notable structural difference is that Japanese compound words may undergo a phonological process known as rendaku. From a semantic perspective, compound words in both languages may be categorized as endocentric and exocentric. However, some compounds do not share the same idiomatic meanings, even though they are constructed from identical lexemes in each language.  

Health education important role in raising public awareness of health, particularly in adopting a healthy lifestyle. With the advancement of digital technology, online health portals such as alodokter.com have become key sources of health information. To ensure effective message delivery, the sentences in expository texts must be clear, concise, and easily understood, preventing any misinterpretation by the public as the readers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in expository text on a healthy lifestyle published on alodokter.com from January-June 2024 as part of public health education efforts. The effectiveness of sentences is assessed based on several aspects, including structure and grammar, word choice, clarity of information and readability for the general public. This research employes a qualitative descriptive approach and a syntactic approach as its theoretical framework. Data collection techniques involve the observe and note method. Data analysis is conducted using the distributional method (agih technique) to examine syntactic structure and sentence coherence, as well as the referential method (padan technique) to evaluate meaning clarity and reads comprehension. The research process is carried out in three steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3) presentation of research findings. The research object consists of expository text on online health portals discussing healthy lifestyles. Several articles are selected and analyzed in depth. The data presentation technique in this research uses formal and informal methods. The analysis result reveal the ineffectiveness of several sentences in the expository texts, particularly in terms of their inconsistency with the characteristics of effective sentences, such as unity, coherence, emphasis, and conciseness. The result of this study contribute to a deeper comprehension of the topic being explored. Furthermore, the study is beneficial for the public as a form of health education and awareness.

Health education important role in raising public awareness of health, particularly in adopting a healthy lifestyle. With the advancement of digital technology, online health portals such as alodokter.com have become key sources of health information. To ensure effective message delivery, the sentences in expository texts must be clear, concise, and easily understood, preventing any misinterpretation by the public as the readers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in expository text on a healthy lifestyle published on alodokter.com from January-June 2024 as part of public health education efforts. The effectiveness of sentences is assessed based on several aspects, including structure and grammar, word choice, clarity of information and readability for the general public. This research employes a qualitative descriptive approach and a syntactic approach as its theoretical framework. Data collection techniques involve the observe and note method. Data analysis is conducted using the distributional method (agih technique) to examine syntactic structure and sentence coherence, as well as the referential method (padan technique) to evaluate meaning clarity and reads comprehension. The research process is carried out in three steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3) presentation of research findings. The research object consists of expository text on online health portals discussing healthy lifestyles. Several articles are selected and analyzed in depth. The data presentation technique in this research uses formal and informal methods. The analysis result reveal the ineffectiveness of several sentences in the expository texts, particularly in terms of their inconsistency with the characteristics of effective sentences, such as unity, coherence, emphasis, and conciseness. The result of this study contribute to a deeper comprehension of the topic being explored. Furthermore, the study is beneficial for the public as a form of health education and awareness.

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

The comprehensive field of Islamic education encompasses not only all levels of schooling but also includes religion, ethics, history, law, and the Quran and Hadith. As part of Islamic religious education (PAI), students are taught to live in harmony with Allah, themselves, other humans, all living things, and the natural world, embodying the concept of Hablun Minallah wa Hablun Minannas. The main objective is to shape students' belief, understanding, and practice of Islamic teachings through planned learning activities, training, and guidance. Islamic religious education is an endeavor by educators to shape students' beliefs and practices via structured instruction, training, and guidance. This study explores the features of Islamic education resources across various educational levels, examining the types of instruction designed to identify these materials and evaluate their pros and cons. The study discovered that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) materials from different grade levels and educational types exhibit distinct characteristics. These differences include variations in content, weight, depth, as well as psychological, philosophical, sociological, and technological aspects. Understanding the characteristics of PAI materials at various educational levels is crucial for developing more effective, relevant curricula and teaching methods tailored to students' developmental needs. The findings of this study are also intended to serve as a reference for educators when developing PAI learning materials suitable for students' educational and developmental levels.

This study aims to identify various factors that influence language choice in communication, as well as to analyze how the use of appropriate language can have a positive impact on the success of message delivery. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using thematic methods. The results of the study indicate that success in delivering messages is greatly influenced by language choice, which depends on a number of factors, such as communication context, communication objectives, audience background and characteristics, media or communication channels, and relationships between speakers. The selection of appropriate language has been shown to improve message clarity, build emotional connections, strengthen the credibility of the communicator, avoid misunderstandings, and increase the appeal and memorability of the message. These findings emphasize the importance of choosing the right language in the communication process so that messages can be delivered effectively and easily understood as they should.

This study aims to identify various factors that influence language choice in communication, as well as to analyze how the use of appropriate language can have a positive impact on the success of message delivery. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using thematic methods. The results of the study indicate that success in delivering messages is greatly influenced by language choice, which depends on a number of factors, such as communication context, communication objectives, audience background and characteristics, media or communication channels, and relationships between speakers. The selection of appropriate language has been shown to improve message clarity, build emotional connections, strengthen the credibility of the communicator, avoid misunderstandings, and increase the appeal and memorability of the message. These findings emphasize the importance of choosing the right language in the communication process so that messages can be delivered effectively and easily understood as they should.

This study aims to describe the use of learning media in the form of digital comics based on fable stories as a means to improve the speaking skills of elementary school students. The background of this study is the low interest of students in speaking and the limited learning media that are interesting and in accordance with their age characteristics. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and speaking skills tests. The subjects in this research are fourth grade students of SDN Margasari 01 Balikpapan City. The results show that the use of digital comic media based on fable stories can increase students' courage in speaking, expand their vocabularies, and help students construct sentences more coherently and communicatively. Teachers and students also give positive responses to the media used because it is considered interesting, contextual, and in accordance with the learning needs. Thus, digital comic media based on fable stories can be an innovative alternative in learning Indonesian in elementary schools to improve the speaking skills of elementary school students.

This study aims to describe the use of learning media in the form of digital comics based on fable stories as a means to improve the speaking skills of elementary school students. The background of this study is the low interest of students in speaking and the limited learning media that are interesting and in accordance with their age characteristics. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and speaking skills tests. The subjects in this research are fourth grade students of SDN Margasari 01 Balikpapan City. The results show that the use of digital comic media based on fable stories can increase students' courage in speaking, expand their vocabularies, and help students construct sentences more coherently and communicatively. Teachers and students also give positive responses to the media used because it is considered interesting, contextual, and in accordance with the learning needs. Thus, digital comic media based on fable stories can be an innovative alternative in learning Indonesian in elementary schools to improve the speaking skills of elementary school students.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

Adaptive approach is an intervention strategy that places the unique needs of each child with mild autism as the center of attention, so that learning and therapy methods are flexibly adjusted to individual characteristics and abilities. This literature review examines how adaptive approach can increase the independence of children with mild autism through the active role of parents and the implementation of structured daily activities. Parents act as the main partners in the learning process, not only providing emotional support, but also becoming facilitators who help children apply the skills learned at school into everyday life at home. Structured daily activities provide clear and consistent routines, helping children understand and anticipate activities, thereby reducing anxiety and increasing focus in carrying out tasks. Stimulus-response techniques are an effective method in developing children's adaptive behavior, with positive reinforcement that motivates children to continue learning and repeating independent behavior. Close collaboration between teachers, therapists, and parents creates an adaptive and consistent learning environment, which allows children to develop independence gradually and sustainably. This study confirms that holistic interventions involving full support from parents and the implementation of structured daily activities are the keys to success in increasing the independence of children with mild autism.

the importance of children's literature in supporting the development of literacy, character, and imagination in the digital era. Children's literature has unique characteristics and must be adapted to the world and stage of psychological development of children. As prospective elementary school educators, understanding the theory and genre of children's literature is important in selecting and delivering appropriate reading materials. This study examines the theory of children's literature according to experts, the classification and characteristics of various genres of children's literature such as fairy tales, fables, myths and legends, children's poetry, picture stories, children's novels, fantasy, and realistic fiction. Each genre is discussed by prioritizing the educational and moral functions contained, and is equipped with examples of relevant children's literature. With this approach, this paper aims to provide prospective teachers with a comprehensive understanding of the use of children's literature in an interesting and meaningful learning process.    

This paper examines the application of paraphrastic and analytical approaches in the appreciation of productive literature, especially for children's literature. Productive literary appreciation is important in fostering children's reading interest and creativity. The paraphrastic approach helps children re-express literary works in their own language, improving understanding and critical thinking skills. On the other hand, the analytical approach allows children to identify intrinsic and extrinsic elements in literary works, providing deeper insights. Through these two approaches, children are not only passive connoisseurs, but also active in creating and exploring new literary works. This paper explains the definition, characteristics, benefits, and examples of the application of both approaches in literary activities in elementary schools. It is hoped that by implementing this method, children can develop a better appreciation of literature and the moral values ​​contained therein, creating a productive and creative learning environment.    

the importance of children's literature in supporting the development of literacy, character, and imagination in the digital era. Children's literature has unique characteristics and must be adapted to the world and stage of psychological development of children. As prospective elementary school educators, understanding the theory and genre of children's literature is important in selecting and delivering appropriate reading materials. This study examines the theory of children's literature according to experts, the classification and characteristics of various genres of children's literature such as fairy tales, fables, myths and legends, children's poetry, picture stories, children's novels, fantasy, and realistic fiction. Each genre is discussed by prioritizing the educational and moral functions contained, and is equipped with examples of relevant children's literature. With this approach, this paper aims to provide prospective teachers with a comprehensive understanding of the use of children's literature in an interesting and meaningful learning process.    

This paper examines the application of paraphrastic and analytical approaches in the appreciation of productive literature, especially for children's literature. Productive literary appreciation is important in fostering children's reading interest and creativity. The paraphrastic approach helps children re-express literary works in their own language, improving understanding and critical thinking skills. On the other hand, the analytical approach allows children to identify intrinsic and extrinsic elements in literary works, providing deeper insights. Through these two approaches, children are not only passive connoisseurs, but also active in creating and exploring new literary works. This paper explains the definition, characteristics, benefits, and examples of the application of both approaches in literary activities in elementary schools. It is hoped that by implementing this method, children can develop a better appreciation of literature and the moral values ​​contained therein, creating a productive and creative learning environment.    

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.