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This study aims to examine the figurative meanings in the poem "Guru" by Muhammad Asqalani eNeSTe through a semantic approach. The poem portrays the struggle and dedication of a teacher who devotes themselves to serving in a remote area with deep love and sacrifice. This research adopts a qualitative method with content analysis techniques by conducting a document study of the poem's text. The analysis reveals that the poem is rich in figurative language, including metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, and simile. Each of these figures of speech is employed to depict the social, emotional, and spiritual conditions of the teacher and the environment in which they serve. The use of figurative meaning in the poem not only beautifies the language but also strengthens the moral messages, educational values, and appreciation of the teaching profession. By understanding these figurative meanings, readers can grasp deeper humanistic and simplicity values embedded in the realm of education.

This study aims to examine the figurative meanings in the poem "Guru" by Muhammad Asqalani eNeSTe through a semantic approach. The poem portrays the struggle and dedication of a teacher who devotes themselves to serving in a remote area with deep love and sacrifice. This research adopts a qualitative method with content analysis techniques by conducting a document study of the poem's text. The analysis reveals that the poem is rich in figurative language, including metaphor, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, synecdoche, and simile. Each of these figures of speech is employed to depict the social, emotional, and spiritual conditions of the teacher and the environment in which they serve. The use of figurative meaning in the poem not only beautifies the language but also strengthens the moral messages, educational values, and appreciation of the teaching profession. By understanding these figurative meanings, readers can grasp deeper humanistic and simplicity values embedded in the realm of education.

In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

In a school, the most crucial decision-maker is the principal. The principal as the main leader has the responsibility to direct, improve and manage the quality of education of the school he leads in accordance with the vision and mission of the school. Many cases that occur in schools discuss the role of the principal as the highest leader in the school in making decisions for mutual progress. The purpose of this study is to identify cases that are ethical dilemmas at SDN 004 Teluk Durian to find out the methods/steps/procedures carried out by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions, to find out the challenges faced in decision-making in cases of ethical and disciplinary dilemmas, to find out the factors that facilitate or help the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian in making decisions. This study uses literature study research, by conducting an analysis by comparing the results of previous research through journals that are relevant to the study of the problem being studied. The subject of this research is the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making consist of several ways, namely (1) Identifying problems, (2) classifying problems, and (3) Practice decision-making. The principal also makes decisions that are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 steps of testing and has a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style. Several efforts made by Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal at SDN 004 Teluk Durian in implementing the code of ethics at school for the problem of late attendance at school, students were sanctioned and in line with the violations that had been committed. The challenge faced by the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian is that the local culture of the school is still very thick, such as the use of Indonesian language is very minimal in school and the use of technology in accordance with the development of the times is still relatively low so that it is not able to compete with schools in urban areas. The conclusion of this study is that Mr. Muhammad Rauf, S.Pd.SD as the principal of SDN 004 Teluk Durian, the methods/procedures/steps carried out in decision-making are in line with the knowledge of 4 paradigms, 3 principles and 9 testing steps and have a paternalistic type of democratic leadership style.

The influence of EFL apprehension on speaking performance is a significant area of study in language learning. Empirical studies reveal that anxiety among EFL students is influenced by variables such as communication anxiety, fear of receiving a poor grade, and low self-esteem.  during speaking activities. Speech anxiety among ESL/EFL learners can impact their oral communication skills negatively, leading to avoidance and withdrawal from speaking activities in the classroom. Language anxiety, specifically related to speaking, can hinder students' willingness to engage in foreign language acquisition and affect their speaking performance negatively .Research have indicated a connection between EFL students' oral communication anxiety and communication proficiency,highlighting the importance of addressing anxiety to enhance language proficiency.

The influence of EFL apprehension on speaking performance is a significant area of study in language learning. Empirical studies reveal that anxiety among EFL students is influenced by variables such as communication anxiety, fear of receiving a poor grade, and low self-esteem.  during speaking activities. Speech anxiety among ESL/EFL learners can impact their oral communication skills negatively, leading to avoidance and withdrawal from speaking activities in the classroom. Language anxiety, specifically related to speaking, can hinder students' willingness to engage in foreign language acquisition and affect their speaking performance negatively .Research have indicated a connection between EFL students' oral communication anxiety and communication proficiency,highlighting the importance of addressing anxiety to enhance language proficiency.

The problem with this study is that many schoolchildren still complain about having trouble writing essays, texts, or stories. The issue with writing skills is that for students to write well, they also need a lot of extensive knowledge. The objective is to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation text material for the 2023–2024 academic year. This will be done by measuring students' ability to write negotiation text material using class problem-based learning. This exploration technique is trial research. A scoring system for evaluating a person's capacity to write negotiation texts serves as the data collection method. The examination area is at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru. The information examination methods in this exploration are homogeneity test, ordinariness test and t test. Based on the calculations, this study came to the conclusion that, at the 95% significance level, or  = 0.05, tcount is 38.39 and ttable is 1.66. The research alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (38.39 is greater than 1.66). Therefore, the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation texts is influenced by the problem-based learning model.    

The problem with this study is that many schoolchildren still complain about having trouble writing essays, texts, or stories. The issue with writing skills is that for students to write well, they also need a lot of extensive knowledge. The objective is to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation text material for the 2023–2024 academic year. This will be done by measuring students' ability to write negotiation text material using class problem-based learning. This exploration technique is trial research. A scoring system for evaluating a person's capacity to write negotiation texts serves as the data collection method. The examination area is at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru. The information examination methods in this exploration are homogeneity test, ordinariness test and t test. Based on the calculations, this study came to the conclusion that, at the 95% significance level, or  = 0.05, tcount is 38.39 and ttable is 1.66. The research alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (38.39 is greater than 1.66). Therefore, the ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Kutalimbaru to write negotiation texts is influenced by the problem-based learning model.    

This research was conducted to determine various language errors contained in the mini research reports of students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques by means of observation, documentation and literature study. The source of data in this research is a mini research report from students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program Class of 2022, 3rd semester in the 2023 Academic Year at Medan State University. Based on the analysis activities that have been carried out, various language errors were found in the areas of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.

This research was conducted to determine various language errors contained in the mini research reports of students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques by means of observation, documentation and literature study. The source of data in this research is a mini research report from students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program Class of 2022, 3rd semester in the 2023 Academic Year at Medan State University. Based on the analysis activities that have been carried out, various language errors were found in the areas of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.

The problem of children dropping out of school is still a challenge that must be overcome in realizing equal distribution of education in Indonesia. This is proven in the 2022 Susenas Data on Out of School Children in Indonesia that there are 3,847,780 children who have dropped out of school. This condition is also experienced by the children of the Pondok Kopi Scavenger Village, East Jakarta, as many as 16  scavenger children in the area are unable to continue their education due to lack of funds and cultural conditions that make them stop going to school. PKBM Nara Creative as one of the non-formal education institutions is making efforts to deal with this problem. Therefore, this research aims to find out PKBM Nara Kreatif strategy in dealing with the problem of out-of-school children in Pondok Kopi Scavenger Village, East Jakarta. The research method in this paper is descriptive with a qualitative descriptive approach. By conducting a direct interview with the Project & Partnership Manager of PKBM Nara Kreatif. The results of the research show that in dealing with out-of-school children in Pondok Kopi Pemulung Village, PKBM Nara Kreatif uses an empowerment strategy that is formulated into a program, namely the Trusted Children's School.

The problem of children dropping out of school is still a challenge that must be overcome in realizing equal distribution of education in Indonesia. This is proven in the 2022 Susenas Data on Out of School Children in Indonesia that there are 3,847,780 children who have dropped out of school. This condition is also experienced by the children of the Pondok Kopi Scavenger Village, East Jakarta, as many as 16  scavenger children in the area are unable to continue their education due to lack of funds and cultural conditions that make them stop going to school. PKBM Nara Creative as one of the non-formal education institutions is making efforts to deal with this problem. Therefore, this research aims to find out PKBM Nara Kreatif strategy in dealing with the problem of out-of-school children in Pondok Kopi Scavenger Village, East Jakarta. The research method in this paper is descriptive with a qualitative descriptive approach. By conducting a direct interview with the Project & Partnership Manager of PKBM Nara Kreatif. The results of the research show that in dealing with out-of-school children in Pondok Kopi Pemulung Village, PKBM Nara Kreatif uses an empowerment strategy that is formulated into a program, namely the Trusted Children's School.

A short story is a literary work in the form of prose that contains a conflict with a short, focused solution only on one incident or story. The most important thing in a short story is to reveal the author's events and ideas in such a way that the reader can understand and enjoy it. The short story "At the Pantura Crossing" by Tantri Pranash published on Kompas.com on December 11 2011 is a short story that represents social reality in the region Pantura (North Coast of Java). Precisely in the Patokbeusi area which is a prostitution area, which contains the dynamics of relationships between characters, social conflicts, and the values upheld in the film local community. The aim of this research is to analyze the content of Tantri Pranash's short story "In Pantura Intersection” using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, Literary works are seen as a reflection of social life and cannot be separated from consideration elements of fiction and social aspects in social life. This means studying literary sociology the relationship between literary works and people in society, as well as social processes. Method The research used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. With using reading and note-taking techniques as data collection techniques. Short story research results Tantri Pranash ``At the Panthura Junction'' contains (1) economic aspects, (2) aspects culture, (3) social aspects, and (4) moral aspects. These results explain that literary works reflect community life.

A short story is a literary work in the form of prose that contains a conflict with a short, focused solution only on one incident or story. The most important thing in a short story is to reveal the author's events and ideas in such a way that the reader can understand and enjoy it. The short story "At the Pantura Crossing" by Tantri Pranash published on Kompas.com on December 11 2011 is a short story that represents social reality in the region Pantura (North Coast of Java). Precisely in the Patokbeusi area which is a prostitution area, which contains the dynamics of relationships between characters, social conflicts, and the values upheld in the film local community. The aim of this research is to analyze the content of Tantri Pranash's short story "In Pantura Intersection” using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, Literary works are seen as a reflection of social life and cannot be separated from consideration elements of fiction and social aspects in social life. This means studying literary sociology the relationship between literary works and people in society, as well as social processes. Method The research used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. With using reading and note-taking techniques as data collection techniques. Short story research results Tantri Pranash ``At the Panthura Junction'' contains (1) economic aspects, (2) aspects culture, (3) social aspects, and (4) moral aspects. These results explain that literary works reflect community life.

This research aims to describe increasing teacher understanding of music theory material. As an arts and culture teacher, you don't just focus on one area of ​​art, but you have to master all the material, including music, fine arts, theater and dance. One of the basic materials that teachers must master is basic music theory. There are still many teachers who do not understand the basic theory of music, even though this theory is the initial provision in learning music such as vocals. The method used is descriptive qualitative with pretest and posttest questionnaire data collection techniques, observation and interviews. The research was conducted for one week, the results showed an increase in understanding of basic music theory material by 97.8%. This can also be proven by the results of singing the score for the song Tanoh Lon Sayang according to the actual punctuation    

This research aims to describe increasing teacher understanding of music theory material. As an arts and culture teacher, you don't just focus on one area of ​​art, but you have to master all the material, including music, fine arts, theater and dance. One of the basic materials that teachers must master is basic music theory. There are still many teachers who do not understand the basic theory of music, even though this theory is the initial provision in learning music such as vocals. The method used is descriptive qualitative with pretest and posttest questionnaire data collection techniques, observation and interviews. The research was conducted for one week, the results showed an increase in understanding of basic music theory material by 97.8%. This can also be proven by the results of singing the score for the song Tanoh Lon Sayang according to the actual punctuation    

Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History

Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History

This article discusses exploring the rich flavors of Palestinian food in Indonesian learning at Stiepar Yapari Aktripa in Bandung. This study aims to introduce to the people of Bandung, to explore various flavors of food, especially typical of the Middle East. Meanwhile, the problems developed The research instruments are the results of observation, interviews, and researchers as key instruments. The source of this research data is the result of interviews from kitchen restaurant staff, The implementation of sustainable culinary concepts is a challenge because it must balance with Indonesian tastes, including the Bandung area which feels foreign to typical Palestinian food, Palestinian restaurant owners in Bandung aim to improve communication between Indonesia and Palestine through food culture, owners inspired by culinary diversity in Indonesia, especially in the city of Bandung which Many various diverse foods, with that while studying in Bandung the owner thought of opening a Palestinian restaurant to improve communication between Indonesia & Palestine through food culture.

This article discusses exploring the rich flavors of Palestinian food in Indonesian learning at Stiepar Yapari Aktripa in Bandung. This study aims to introduce to the people of Bandung, to explore various flavors of food, especially typical of the Middle East. Meanwhile, the problems developed The research instruments are the results of observation, interviews, and researchers as key instruments. The source of this research data is the result of interviews from kitchen restaurant staff, The implementation of sustainable culinary concepts is a challenge because it must balance with Indonesian tastes, including the Bandung area which feels foreign to typical Palestinian food, Palestinian restaurant owners in Bandung aim to improve communication between Indonesia and Palestine through food culture, owners inspired by culinary diversity in Indonesia, especially in the city of Bandung which Many various diverse foods, with that while studying in Bandung the owner thought of opening a Palestinian restaurant to improve communication between Indonesia & Palestine through food culture.