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This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

This article examines the accusations of PKI affiliation contained in the novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk Ahmad Tohari's work, with a literary sociology approach. This novel describes the lives of village communities are hit by social and political tensions after the incident G30S/PKI. Through the main character Srintil, a ronggeng who is trapped in stigma politics, this article analyzes how accusations of PKI affiliation affect social dynamics and culture in the village. The focus of this study is to understand how social elements, especially gender and the role of women in Batak custom, interact with greater political power, and how this is reflected in the novel's narrative structure. By using literary sociology theory, this research also discusses identity social and political aspects are formed through literary texts, as well as the implications of these accusations on the formation of morality and views of society at that time. Through analysis It is hoped that this article will contribute to the understanding of the relationship between literature, politics and social identity in Indonesia, especially in context post-1965 history.

This research aims to explore how a story-based learning approach can increase students' understanding of the rain phenomenon in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at the elementary school level. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, this research involved fourth grade students and science and science teachers in one elementary school. The research results show that story-based learning is able to change students' erroneous understanding of the rain phenomenon into a more accurate scientific understanding. Stories that connect scientific concepts with students' daily experiences successfully increase their engagement and participation in learning. In addition, this approach can also simplify abstract concepts such as the water cycle, making the material more interesting and easy to understand. Despite some challenges, such as the time required to design relevant stories, the positive impact of this approach on students' understanding and their engagement is significant. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of more creative and contextual science learning methods in elementary schools.

This research aims to explore how a story-based learning approach can increase students' understanding of the rain phenomenon in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning at the elementary school level. Using a qualitative approach and case studies, this research involved fourth grade students and science and science teachers in one elementary school. The research results show that story-based learning is able to change students' erroneous understanding of the rain phenomenon into a more accurate scientific understanding. Stories that connect scientific concepts with students' daily experiences successfully increase their engagement and participation in learning. In addition, this approach can also simplify abstract concepts such as the water cycle, making the material more interesting and easy to understand. Despite some challenges, such as the time required to design relevant stories, the positive impact of this approach on students' understanding and their engagement is significant. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of more creative and contextual science learning methods in elementary schools.

The purpose of this study is to see how local folktales and science concepts can be used as learning resources in Natural and Social Science lessons in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). In this study, qualitative methods and content analysis techniques were applied to relevant local folktales. The main data sources were folktales from various regions in Indonesia, which were selected based on their relevance to science concepts in the IPAS curriculum. Data collection was conducted through document analysis of folktales, interviews with IPAS teachers, and observations on how folktales are applied in classroom learning. Using a descriptive approach, the data collected was analyzed to find and categorize the science concepts contained in the folktales. In addition, it was assessed the possibility of folklore can be used as learning media. The results showed that local folktales have great potential as a source of IPAS education covering physics and chemistry concepts, as well as natural phenomena and animal and plant life. Students can gain a better understanding of science concepts through folktales, which are more contextualized and easy to understand. Thus, folktales can be incorporated into IPAS learning to improve students' understanding, enrich their learning experience, and raise awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. In addition, this study suggests the creation of folklore-based learning modules and teacher training programs to maximize this potential.

The purpose of this study is to see how local folktales and science concepts can be used as learning resources in Natural and Social Science lessons in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). In this study, qualitative methods and content analysis techniques were applied to relevant local folktales. The main data sources were folktales from various regions in Indonesia, which were selected based on their relevance to science concepts in the IPAS curriculum. Data collection was conducted through document analysis of folktales, interviews with IPAS teachers, and observations on how folktales are applied in classroom learning. Using a descriptive approach, the data collected was analyzed to find and categorize the science concepts contained in the folktales. In addition, it was assessed the possibility of folklore can be used as learning media. The results showed that local folktales have great potential as a source of IPAS education covering physics and chemistry concepts, as well as natural phenomena and animal and plant life. Students can gain a better understanding of science concepts through folktales, which are more contextualized and easy to understand. Thus, folktales can be incorporated into IPAS learning to improve students' understanding, enrich their learning experience, and raise awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. In addition, this study suggests the creation of folklore-based learning modules and teacher training programs to maximize this potential.

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

This article discusses the phenomenon of healing beliefs in Javanese and Japanese culture which is presented through the narrative of the novel Pingkan Melipat Distance by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The novel explores the complexities of cross-cultural relationships, highlighting the traditional beliefs that influence the way the main character, Pingkan, deals with emotional and identity crises. In Javanese culture, healing beliefs are rooted in harmony between spirituality, nature and the body, while in Japanese culture, balance between the body, mind and environment is the main foundation. This article finds that through Pingkan's journey, this novel represents a cross-cultural dialogue that not only connects local and global values ​​but also opens up space for reflection on identity and healing in the modern era. With a literary approach and cultural perspective, this article presents an in-depth understanding of how healing traditions contribute to the sustainability of cultural values as well as being a tool to face the challenges of globalization.

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

This article discusses the phenomenon of healing beliefs in Javanese and Japanese culture which is presented through the narrative of the novel Pingkan Melipat Distance by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The novel explores the complexities of cross-cultural relationships, highlighting the traditional beliefs that influence the way the main character, Pingkan, deals with emotional and identity crises. In Javanese culture, healing beliefs are rooted in harmony between spirituality, nature and the body, while in Japanese culture, balance between the body, mind and environment is the main foundation. This article finds that through Pingkan's journey, this novel represents a cross-cultural dialogue that not only connects local and global values ​​but also opens up space for reflection on identity and healing in the modern era. With a literary approach and cultural perspective, this article presents an in-depth understanding of how healing traditions contribute to the sustainability of cultural values as well as being a tool to face the challenges of globalization.

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

This article analyzes the representation of culture shock in Andrea Hirata's novel Edensor, focusing on the experiences of the main characters, Ikal and Arai, as they interact with European culture. Using Kalvero Oberg's culture shock theory, which includes the stages of honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment, this study explores how both characters undergo shifts in mindset and attitudes when confronted with foreign cultural values. The paper also discusses the impact of culture shock on their character development and its relevance in today's global socio-cultural context, including migration and international education. Through this analysis, it is understood that culture shock is not merely a clash of cultures, but also a crucial process for learning and personal growth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to interdisciplinary literary studies, particularly in understanding the relationship between literature and social-cultural phenomena.

This article analyzes the representation of culture shock in Andrea Hirata's novel Edensor, focusing on the experiences of the main characters, Ikal and Arai, as they interact with European culture. Using Kalvero Oberg's culture shock theory, which includes the stages of honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment, this study explores how both characters undergo shifts in mindset and attitudes when confronted with foreign cultural values. The paper also discusses the impact of culture shock on their character development and its relevance in today's global socio-cultural context, including migration and international education. Through this analysis, it is understood that culture shock is not merely a clash of cultures, but also a crucial process for learning and personal growth. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to interdisciplinary literary studies, particularly in understanding the relationship between literature and social-cultural phenomena.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Education is the main foundation for the progress of society and individuals, Basic education is very important to build students' knowledge and skills, especially in the field of science. Conventional methods, such as the use of illustrations and textbooks, are often not interesting and interactive. Digital technology presents new opportunities in learning innovation, including by utilizing augmented reality (AR). This study aims to analyze and evaluate the use of interactive media based on augmented reality (AR) in learning the topic of animal classification based on their type of food. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific sources, including journals, articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. AR-based interactive media offers an innovative and immersive learning experience, allowing students to interact directly with virtual objects in the form of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations. The results of the study show that the use of AR can improve students' understanding of the material, increase engagement in learning, and provide a more interesting and contextual learning experience. In addition, AR media is considered effective in helping students identify animal characteristics based on eating habits, such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. This study concludes that the integration of AR in science learning at the elementary school level has great potential to improve learning effectiveness.

Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

Masculinity is a social construct often internalized in society through various forms, including literary works. This study aims to analyze the representation of masculinity in Boy Candra's novel Trauma, particularly through male characters interacting with the protagonist, Kimara. This research employs the approaches of literary sociology, gender theory, and trauma theory to understand how masculinity is depicted. Data were collected through a critical reading technique applied to the novel's text. The analysis reveals that masculinity is represented in various forms, ranging from emotional dominance to expressions of affection, as well as the influence of trauma in shaping gender dynamics. These findings emphasize that masculinity in Trauma is not an innate trait but a social construct influenced by emotional and social contexts. The study contributes to gender studies and Indonesian literature, while also enhancing readers’ understanding of the complexity of masculinity in literary works.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.