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The term gender has been heard by many people, but there are nevertheless many people who do not really understand the term correctly. Gender Equality is one of the problems that is generally often discussed by people to accompany the development of contemporary thinking, both inside the pre-Islamic period and in the period after the arrival of Islam. This paper discusses how gender roles were in the pre-Islamic period which at that time was still very thick with patriarchal culture. And the technique used in this study is within the shape of a literature study, namely by using data sources through literature data such as journals, articles, and internet sites without having to conduct interviews and observations to the field. The result of this paper is that inside the pre-Islamic times of arab society the women were in a time of disgrace and were so demeaned that they became a symbol of the scum and filth of society in that era, but everything changed When the Messenger of Rasulullah SAW came to bring islam to this world, and in those days it positioned women in a noble place. Which means that among men and women there's no distinction when in social life.

The term gender has been heard by many people, but there are nevertheless many people who do not really understand the term correctly. Gender Equality is one of the problems that is generally often discussed by people to accompany the development of contemporary thinking, both inside the pre-Islamic period and in the period after the arrival of Islam. This paper discusses how gender roles were in the pre-Islamic period which at that time was still very thick with patriarchal culture. And the technique used in this study is within the shape of a literature study, namely by using data sources through literature data such as journals, articles, and internet sites without having to conduct interviews and observations to the field. The result of this paper is that inside the pre-Islamic times of arab society the women were in a time of disgrace and were so demeaned that they became a symbol of the scum and filth of society in that era, but everything changed When the Messenger of Rasulullah SAW came to bring islam to this world, and in those days it positioned women in a noble place. Which means that among men and women there's no distinction when in social life.

The Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival tradition is a cultural activity that takes the form of tradition and is carried out every year. The heritage carnival activity was carried out by the community in Jugo Village, Kesamben District, Blitar Regency. This tradition is carried out every year on Legi Sunday in the month of Sela, this is the calculation of dates and months in Javanese tradition. The implementation of the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition is a form of respect for the village ancestor named Eyang Djoego and as a form of community gratitude because with his services he was able to make the residents of Jugo Village live prosperously and have enough because the harvest was so abundant. The focus of this research discusses the origins, procedures, what ubarampe is and the meaning of ubarampe, as well as the function of this traditional activity. This research uses the half-lisa folklore theory of James Danandjadja. The research design used is a qualitative descriptive method, the data sources used in the research are primary and secondary as well as oral and non-verbal data. The results of research from the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition produce meanings that are related to culture. This research discusses the origins of the heritage carnival tradition which originated and developed in Jugo Village. These traditional activities are also enlivened and supported by the people in Jugo Village.

The Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival tradition is a cultural activity that takes the form of tradition and is carried out every year. The heritage carnival activity was carried out by the community in Jugo Village, Kesamben District, Blitar Regency. This tradition is carried out every year on Legi Sunday in the month of Sela, this is the calculation of dates and months in Javanese tradition. The implementation of the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition is a form of respect for the village ancestor named Eyang Djoego and as a form of community gratitude because with his services he was able to make the residents of Jugo Village live prosperously and have enough because the harvest was so abundant. The focus of this research discusses the origins, procedures, what ubarampe is and the meaning of ubarampe, as well as the function of this traditional activity. This research uses the half-lisa folklore theory of James Danandjadja. The research design used is a qualitative descriptive method, the data sources used in the research are primary and secondary as well as oral and non-verbal data. The results of research from the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition produce meanings that are related to culture. This research discusses the origins of the heritage carnival tradition which originated and developed in Jugo Village. These traditional activities are also enlivened and supported by the people in Jugo Village.

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

A short story is a literary work in the form of prose that contains a conflict with a short, focused solution only on one incident or story. The most important thing in a short story is to reveal the author's events and ideas in such a way that the reader can understand and enjoy it. The short story "At the Pantura Crossing" by Tantri Pranash published on Kompas.com on December 11 2011 is a short story that represents social reality in the region Pantura (North Coast of Java). Precisely in the Patokbeusi area which is a prostitution area, which contains the dynamics of relationships between characters, social conflicts, and the values upheld in the film local community. The aim of this research is to analyze the content of Tantri Pranash's short story "In Pantura Intersection” using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, Literary works are seen as a reflection of social life and cannot be separated from consideration elements of fiction and social aspects in social life. This means studying literary sociology the relationship between literary works and people in society, as well as social processes. Method The research used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. With using reading and note-taking techniques as data collection techniques. Short story research results Tantri Pranash ``At the Panthura Junction'' contains (1) economic aspects, (2) aspects culture, (3) social aspects, and (4) moral aspects. These results explain that literary works reflect community life.

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

A short story is a literary work in the form of prose that contains a conflict with a short, focused solution only on one incident or story. The most important thing in a short story is to reveal the author's events and ideas in such a way that the reader can understand and enjoy it. The short story "At the Pantura Crossing" by Tantri Pranash published on Kompas.com on December 11 2011 is a short story that represents social reality in the region Pantura (North Coast of Java). Precisely in the Patokbeusi area which is a prostitution area, which contains the dynamics of relationships between characters, social conflicts, and the values upheld in the film local community. The aim of this research is to analyze the content of Tantri Pranash's short story "In Pantura Intersection” using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, Literary works are seen as a reflection of social life and cannot be separated from consideration elements of fiction and social aspects in social life. This means studying literary sociology the relationship between literary works and people in society, as well as social processes. Method The research used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. With using reading and note-taking techniques as data collection techniques. Short story research results Tantri Pranash ``At the Panthura Junction'' contains (1) economic aspects, (2) aspects culture, (3) social aspects, and (4) moral aspects. These results explain that literary works reflect community life.

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

The Preparing Classroom Action Research (PTK) for the Classroom Therefore, this study aims to enhance motivation in learning arts and culture  using the Osborn learning model. This type of research consists of two cycles and each cycle has four phases, viz. The subjects of this study are 32 students of class X AK 3 of SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar. This study was conducted from October to November 2023. The data analysis technique used was qualitative descriptive analysis using the Osborn learning model to examine the results of evaluating student presentations. by comparing learning outcomes with average completion scores. Research results  show that the results of learning art and culture subjects in grade X AK 3 gradually increase from  cycle 1 to  cycle 2. This is clearly shown through the average increase obtained from the assessment results. present. The average score of the first semester class is 79, of which the highest score is 88 and the lowest score is 68. Meanwhile, in the second semester, the average score of the class is 87,  the highest score is 93 and the lowest score is 82.

The Preparing Classroom Action Research (PTK) for the Classroom Therefore, this study aims to enhance motivation in learning arts and culture  using the Osborn learning model. This type of research consists of two cycles and each cycle has four phases, viz. The subjects of this study are 32 students of class X AK 3 of SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar. This study was conducted from October to November 2023. The data analysis technique used was qualitative descriptive analysis using the Osborn learning model to examine the results of evaluating student presentations. by comparing learning outcomes with average completion scores. Research results  show that the results of learning art and culture subjects in grade X AK 3 gradually increase from  cycle 1 to  cycle 2. This is clearly shown through the average increase obtained from the assessment results. present. The average score of the first semester class is 79, of which the highest score is 88 and the lowest score is 68. Meanwhile, in the second semester, the average score of the class is 87,  the highest score is 93 and the lowest score is 82.

This research aims to describe increasing teacher understanding of music theory material. As an arts and culture teacher, you don't just focus on one area of ​​art, but you have to master all the material, including music, fine arts, theater and dance. One of the basic materials that teachers must master is basic music theory. There are still many teachers who do not understand the basic theory of music, even though this theory is the initial provision in learning music such as vocals. The method used is descriptive qualitative with pretest and posttest questionnaire data collection techniques, observation and interviews. The research was conducted for one week, the results showed an increase in understanding of basic music theory material by 97.8%. This can also be proven by the results of singing the score for the song Tanoh Lon Sayang according to the actual punctuation    

This research aims to describe increasing teacher understanding of music theory material. As an arts and culture teacher, you don't just focus on one area of ​​art, but you have to master all the material, including music, fine arts, theater and dance. One of the basic materials that teachers must master is basic music theory. There are still many teachers who do not understand the basic theory of music, even though this theory is the initial provision in learning music such as vocals. The method used is descriptive qualitative with pretest and posttest questionnaire data collection techniques, observation and interviews. The research was conducted for one week, the results showed an increase in understanding of basic music theory material by 97.8%. This can also be proven by the results of singing the score for the song Tanoh Lon Sayang according to the actual punctuation    

This research was conducted based on the low reading culture of class VI students being a serious symptom for the continuity of learning in the classroom. Improving reading culture in students must be nurtured and nurtured from an early age and is a continuous process so that their reading culture grows and develops by utilizing reading corners. The aim of this research is to determine the increase in reading culture of class VI students by using a reading corner. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative with research methods in the form of observation and literature study. The research subjects were class VI students and the research object was the use of reading corners. The aim of using a reading corner is to stimulate students to be more fond of reading, to bring books closer to students, at any time students can read books without having to visit the library, as part of learning activities, to condition the class so that it is not noisy, to support independent learning activities, to provide opportunities to students to improve reading culture, develop thinking power, and enrich students' learning experiences.    

This research was conducted based on the low reading culture of class VI students being a serious symptom for the continuity of learning in the classroom. Improving reading culture in students must be nurtured and nurtured from an early age and is a continuous process so that their reading culture grows and develops by utilizing reading corners. The aim of this research is to determine the increase in reading culture of class VI students by using a reading corner. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative with research methods in the form of observation and literature study. The research subjects were class VI students and the research object was the use of reading corners. The aim of using a reading corner is to stimulate students to be more fond of reading, to bring books closer to students, at any time students can read books without having to visit the library, as part of learning activities, to condition the class so that it is not noisy, to support independent learning activities, to provide opportunities to students to improve reading culture, develop thinking power, and enrich students' learning experiences.    

This study aims to explore an in-depth understanding of Kim Ji Young's personality in the film "Kim Ji Young, Born 1982" in the context of patriarchal culture using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research method used is a qualitative method using note-taking technique. We used Sigmund Freud's theory, specifically concepts such as id, ego, and superego, to help us understand the inner conflict experienced by the main character. We also analyzed various events in the film that depict Kim Ji Young's experience as a woman in a society dominated by patriarchal values. The results of this study show that Kim Ji Young experiences complex internal conflicts while performing her role as a woman in a patriarchal culture. Freud's theory helps us understand how these conflicts arise and affect her personality. In addition, this study also emphasizes the important role of family environment, society, and childhood experiences in shaping Kim Ji Young's personality. This research has important implications in understanding the role of women in a patriarchal society and how psychoanalytic theory can be used to analyze characters in works of art such as films.

This study aims to explore an in-depth understanding of Kim Ji Young's personality in the film "Kim Ji Young, Born 1982" in the context of patriarchal culture using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research method used is a qualitative method using note-taking technique. We used Sigmund Freud's theory, specifically concepts such as id, ego, and superego, to help us understand the inner conflict experienced by the main character. We also analyzed various events in the film that depict Kim Ji Young's experience as a woman in a society dominated by patriarchal values. The results of this study show that Kim Ji Young experiences complex internal conflicts while performing her role as a woman in a patriarchal culture. Freud's theory helps us understand how these conflicts arise and affect her personality. In addition, this study also emphasizes the important role of family environment, society, and childhood experiences in shaping Kim Ji Young's personality. This research has important implications in understanding the role of women in a patriarchal society and how psychoanalytic theory can be used to analyze characters in works of art such as films.

Education is a key element in the development of society and the country. This article examines the development of education in Indonesia with a focus on the background, results and conclusions of the historical journey of education in this country. The development of education in Indonesia has been influenced by a long history, especially the period of Dutch colonialism. Education at that time was limited to the native elite and created inequality in access to education. However, after the proclamation of independence in 1945, education became a top priority in national development, resulting in a significant increase in access to basic education. Nevertheless, educational inequality between urban and rural areas and between islands in Indonesia remains a problem that must be addressed..Educational developments in Indonesia include increasing access to education, diversifying higher education programs, and efforts to integrate local culture in the curriculum. The government has allocated a significant budget for education, modernizing the curriculum and improving the quality of teaching. Education reform also includes teacher training and curriculum updates to face changing times. However, there are still challenges in educational governance, unequal access to education, and integrating technology in the learning process. The development of education in Indonesia reflects a journey full of challenges and significant changes. While there has been progress in terms of access and cultural integration efforts, challenges such as educational inequality, complex governance, and technology integration still need to be addressed. Quality education remains a priority, with the hope that continued efforts will ensure that education in Indonesia meets high quality standards and is relevant to face a challenging future. Keywords: Education, Indonesia, History

This study aims to analyze spelling patterns in the form of spelling errors in student speech texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the speech texts of students of the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Semester 5, Faculty of Letters and Culture, Gorontalo State University in the 2022/2023 academic year. The data in this study are sentences that contain spelling mistakes in accordance with EYD in the form of letter usage, word writing, punctuation usage, and writing of absorbed elements. The number of speech texts in the research is 40 speech texts. The data collection techniques used in this research are documentation, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this research goes through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, data inference and verification, and final conclusion. The results of this study show that there are three forms of spelling errors in speech texts written by students, namely the use of letters, word writing, and the use of punctuation marks. The errors in the use of letters include errors in the use of capital letters as many as 20 errors consisting of errors in writing titles, geographic names, and greetings. Meanwhile, there were 5 italicization errors consisting of foreign language writing errors. Word writing errors in the form of preposition writing errors consist of 10 errors. Punctuation errors include 5 period errors and 27 comma errors.