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The purpose of this study was to develop a picture story book as a picture story book in science learning to improve the learning outcomes of grade IV students of SDN 04 Tente. The type of research used was R & D using the ADDIE development model including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation activities. The results of the study showed that the results of the book development that was made could be used as a learning resource in thematic learning were declared valid. This can be seen from the results of expert validation consisting of media validation, language validation, and expert validation of learning. The picture story book as a learning resource in thematic learning obtained a value of 84.66% with a very feasible category. The picture story book as a learning resource in thematic learning was declared practical. The results of the questionnaire analysis filled out by 22 respondents/students with an average value of 97.36% in the very practical category. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of picture story books can be seen from the results of the t-test calculation that tℎ

The purpose of this study was to develop a picture story book as a picture story book in science learning to improve the learning outcomes of grade IV students of SDN 04 Tente. The type of research used was R & D using the ADDIE development model including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation activities. The results of the study showed that the results of the book development that was made could be used as a learning resource in thematic learning were declared valid. This can be seen from the results of expert validation consisting of media validation, language validation, and expert validation of learning. The picture story book as a learning resource in thematic learning obtained a value of 84.66% with a very feasible category. The picture story book as a learning resource in thematic learning was declared practical. The results of the questionnaire analysis filled out by 22 respondents/students with an average value of 97.36% in the very practical category. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of picture story books can be seen from the results of the t-test calculation that tℎ

This study aims to analyze the science literacy skills of students in primary schools in Medan City. The method used was a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through a science literacy test given to 31 students from 3 primary schools. The results showed that students' science literacy skills were still at a low level, with only 28% of students achieving an adequate level of literacy. The findings indicate the need for improvement in science teaching in primary schools to improve students' science literacy skills. This research is expected to provide insights for educators and policy makers in formulating more effective strategies to improve science literacy among primary school students.

This study aims to analyze the science literacy skills of students in primary schools in Medan City. The method used was a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through a science literacy test given to 31 students from 3 primary schools. The results showed that students' science literacy skills were still at a low level, with only 28% of students achieving an adequate level of literacy. The findings indicate the need for improvement in science teaching in primary schools to improve students' science literacy skills. This research is expected to provide insights for educators and policy makers in formulating more effective strategies to improve science literacy among primary school students.

The purpose of this study is to develop illustrated story media to increase interest in learning social studies subjects for grade IV students of SDN Inpres Rabakodo. This study uses the R&D method, to develop illustrated story media as a learning media for social studies for grade IV elementary school students. By using the Borg and Gall model which includes 5 stages, namely potential and problems, collecting data, product design, product validation, and design revision. The results of the study showed that the validity of the illustrated story media from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 83.26 categorized as very feasible. The questionnaire response of limited test students showed the practicality of the illustrated story media with an average score of 85.16 categorized as very practical. The results of the development of illustrated story media carried out by measuring student learning interest were 82%, compared to before the use of the story media, student learning interest was only 45%. This means that the results of the development can significantly increase student learning interest

The purpose of this study is to develop illustrated story media to increase interest in learning social studies subjects for grade IV students of SDN Inpres Rabakodo. This study uses the R&D method, to develop illustrated story media as a learning media for social studies for grade IV elementary school students. By using the Borg and Gall model which includes 5 stages, namely potential and problems, collecting data, product design, product validation, and design revision. The results of the study showed that the validity of the illustrated story media from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 83.26 categorized as very feasible. The questionnaire response of limited test students showed the practicality of the illustrated story media with an average score of 85.16 categorized as very practical. The results of the development of illustrated story media carried out by measuring student learning interest were 82%, compared to before the use of the story media, student learning interest was only 45%. This means that the results of the development can significantly increase student learning interest

This objective is to develop valid, practical and effective Rattan media (cultural wheel) in increasing learning motivation of fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili. The type of research used by the researcher is R&D (Research & Development) using the ADIE development model (Analysis, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). In this development research, the effectiveness test was carried out in class V and the practicality test was carried out on fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili as a test of practicality and product effectiveness. The results of the study showed that the validity of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 93.87 (very valid). The questionnaire response of limited test students showing the practicality of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) obtained an average score of 93.33 (very practical). Thus, the rattan media learning media in sub-theme 2 can be used as a thematic learning media for fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili.

This objective is to develop valid, practical and effective Rattan media (cultural wheel) in increasing learning motivation of fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili. The type of research used by the researcher is R&D (Research & Development) using the ADIE development model (Analysis, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). In this development research, the effectiveness test was carried out in class V and the practicality test was carried out on fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili as a test of practicality and product effectiveness. The results of the study showed that the validity of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) from 4 media and material validators obtained an average score of 93.87 (very valid). The questionnaire response of limited test students showing the practicality of the Rattan media (cultural wheel) obtained an average score of 93.33 (very practical). Thus, the rattan media learning media in sub-theme 2 can be used as a thematic learning media for fourth grade students at SDN Inpres Samili.

Many students study in Jakarta but seem to learn nothing. In fact, most of them cannot speak good and correct Indonesian, in fact, there are also students who have not mastered Indonesian vocabulary. The phenomenon of learning difficulties occurs because of serious problems in education in Indonesia, one of which is the lack of mastery of Indonesian in universities. This study aims to reveal the existence of sociolinguistics on the attitudes/opinions of ITPLN students in using language in the campus environment. Finding sociolinguistic factors that strengthen and weaken the use of Indonesian in the engineering field. This study uses quantitative methods and correlational descriptive surveys, namely research conducted to obtain information about data, then processed with statistics with the preliminary study stage carried out with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of this study show the value of the determinant coefficient (R2) = 0.192, which means that around 19.2% of changes in sociolinguistic variables and learning achievement can be explained by student learning achievement. Then based on the results of the t-test, sig0.000 <0.005 was obtained, meaning that the influence was significant. In other words, sociolinguistic variables provide a significant positive contribution to the learning achievement of ITPLN students. The results of the F test obtained F count 14.04 sig0.000<0.005 Ftable shows that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence. So it can also be concluded that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted.

Many students study in Jakarta but seem to learn nothing. In fact, most of them cannot speak good and correct Indonesian, in fact, there are also students who have not mastered Indonesian vocabulary. The phenomenon of learning difficulties occurs because of serious problems in education in Indonesia, one of which is the lack of mastery of Indonesian in universities. This study aims to reveal the existence of sociolinguistics on the attitudes/opinions of ITPLN students in using language in the campus environment. Finding sociolinguistic factors that strengthen and weaken the use of Indonesian in the engineering field. This study uses quantitative methods and correlational descriptive surveys, namely research conducted to obtain information about data, then processed with statistics with the preliminary study stage carried out with a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of this study show the value of the determinant coefficient (R2) = 0.192, which means that around 19.2% of changes in sociolinguistic variables and learning achievement can be explained by student learning achievement. Then based on the results of the t-test, sig0.000 <0.005 was obtained, meaning that the influence was significant. In other words, sociolinguistic variables provide a significant positive contribution to the learning achievement of ITPLN students. The results of the F test obtained F count 14.04 sig0.000<0.005 Ftable shows that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a positive and significant influence. So it can also be concluded that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted.

Digital media such as TikTok has become a significant innovation in teaching expository texts in the digital era. However, many students still struggle to recognize the structure and language features of expository texts, affecting the quality of their writing. This study aims to analyze the implementation of TikTok as a learning media based on Discovery Learning to improve expository writing skills among tenth-grade students of MA Al-Falah Sukabumi. The research employed a pretest-posttest control group design with data collection techniques including tests (pretest and posttest) and non-test methods (questionnaires and observations). The subjects consisted of 36 students break into experimental and control groups. The finding showed a significant improvement in the writing skills of the experimental group. Furthermore, 87% of students reported that TikTok made the learning process more engaging and easier to rcognize. In conclusion, TikTok is an effective innovation for Discovery Learning-based teaching to enhance students' expository writing skills.

This study aims to find out: (1) The effect of the application of the DLDPF model on improving TDBI writing proficiency; (2) Differences between student learning outcomes with the DLDPF model and without DLDPF; and (3) Student obstacles in the application of the DLDPF model. The design of this study is a pseudo-experiment with a non-equivalent comparison group design scheme. The researcher used a nonprobability sampling technique in the form of total sampling. The instruments used in this study are tests and questionnaires. The test instrument is in the form of an essay test with four aspects of assessment criteria (content, organization, grammar, and vocabulary). There are also document study instruments and semi-open questionnaires with the Likert Scale. The results of the study revealed the following findings. First, the results of the paired sample test showed a sig. (2-tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05 which means that there is a significant influence of the application of the DLDPF model on the improvement of TDBI writing proficiency. Second, the results of the independent sample t-test showed a sig. (2-tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05 which means that the application of the DLDPF model has a significant impact on improving TDBI writing proficiency. In addition, the experimental class has an N-gain score of 0.59 which means it has a moderate level of improvement. The control class has an N-gain score of 0.24 which means it has a low level of improvement. In other words, it shows that there is a difference between student learning outcomes with the DLDPF model and student learning outcomes with no DLDPF model. And third, respondents showed few obstacles in the application of the DLDPF model, including: (1) Most of the respondents (70.53%) did not experience linguistic barriers; and (2) Most respondents (70%) did not experience nonlinguistic barriers.

This study aims to find out: (1) The effect of the application of the DLDPF model on improving TDBI writing proficiency; (2) Differences between student learning outcomes with the DLDPF model and without DLDPF; and (3) Student obstacles in the application of the DLDPF model. The design of this study is a pseudo-experiment with a non-equivalent comparison group design scheme. The researcher used a nonprobability sampling technique in the form of total sampling. The instruments used in this study are tests and questionnaires. The test instrument is in the form of an essay test with four aspects of assessment criteria (content, organization, grammar, and vocabulary). There are also document study instruments and semi-open questionnaires with the Likert Scale. The results of the study revealed the following findings. First, the results of the paired sample test showed a sig. (2-tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05 which means that there is a significant influence of the application of the DLDPF model on the improvement of TDBI writing proficiency. Second, the results of the independent sample t-test showed a sig. (2-tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05 which means that the application of the DLDPF model has a significant impact on improving TDBI writing proficiency. In addition, the experimental class has an N-gain score of 0.59 which means it has a moderate level of improvement. The control class has an N-gain score of 0.24 which means it has a low level of improvement. In other words, it shows that there is a difference between student learning outcomes with the DLDPF model and student learning outcomes with no DLDPF model. And third, respondents showed few obstacles in the application of the DLDPF model, including: (1) Most of the respondents (70.53%) did not experience linguistic barriers; and (2) Most respondents (70%) did not experience nonlinguistic barriers.

Digital media such as TikTok has become a significant innovation in teaching expository texts in the digital era. However, many students still struggle to recognize the structure and language features of expository texts, affecting the quality of their writing. This study aims to analyze the implementation of TikTok as a learning media based on Discovery Learning to improve expository writing skills among tenth-grade students of MA Al-Falah Sukabumi. The research employed a pretest-posttest control group design with data collection techniques including tests (pretest and posttest) and non-test methods (questionnaires and observations). The subjects consisted of 36 students break into experimental and control groups. The finding showed a significant improvement in the writing skills of the experimental group. Furthermore, 87% of students reported that TikTok made the learning process more engaging and easier to rcognize. In conclusion, TikTok is an effective innovation for Discovery Learning-based teaching to enhance students' expository writing skills.

This study, utilizing MindMeister, aims to examine the impact of using the mind mapping technique on the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell the content of a narrative text they have read. The research population consisted of 172 7th-grade students, with a sample size of 56 students divided into two groups: a control class and an experimental class, each comprising 28 students. The research employed a quantitative method with a true experimental design. The research instrument was a performance test, and the data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the results, the average score of students’ ability to narrate the content of a narrative text using the close reading technique was 62.21, with a standard deviation of 6.33, which falls into the “poor” category. Meanwhile, the students’ ability to retell the narrative text using the mind mapping technique with the assistance of MindMeister was 80.07, categorized as “good,” with a standard deviation of 5.48. The data indicated an improvement in the average scores between the control class, which used the intensive reading technique, and the experimental class, which applied the mind mapping technique. Through hypothesis testing, it was found that Thitung > Ttabel, thus rejecting H0 and accepting H1. This means that the use of the mind mapping technique with the help of MindMeister positively influences the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell narrative texts.

This study, utilizing MindMeister, aims to examine the impact of using the mind mapping technique on the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell the content of a narrative text they have read. The research population consisted of 172 7th-grade students, with a sample size of 56 students divided into two groups: a control class and an experimental class, each comprising 28 students. The research employed a quantitative method with a true experimental design. The research instrument was a performance test, and the data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the results, the average score of students’ ability to narrate the content of a narrative text using the close reading technique was 62.21, with a standard deviation of 6.33, which falls into the “poor” category. Meanwhile, the students’ ability to retell the narrative text using the mind mapping technique with the assistance of MindMeister was 80.07, categorized as “good,” with a standard deviation of 5.48. The data indicated an improvement in the average scores between the control class, which used the intensive reading technique, and the experimental class, which applied the mind mapping technique. Through hypothesis testing, it was found that Thitung > Ttabel, thus rejecting H0 and accepting H1. This means that the use of the mind mapping technique with the help of MindMeister positively influences the ability of 7th-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parbuluan to retell narrative texts.

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

The Active Learning method is active learning. Most practitioners and observers refer to it as a learning by doing strategy. The approach views learning as a process of building understanding through experience and information. With this approach, learners' unique perceptions, knowledge and feelings influence the learning process. The problems in this study are (1) How is student interest in learning in the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi (2) Whether the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games can increase student interest in learning multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were third grade students of SDIT Baitul Ilmi, totalling 33 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student learning interest test results, then the data was analysed using the percentage formula. The results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model from 87.50% to 93.75% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model 54.64% to 85.17% and, (3) the results of student learning interest in Mathematics subjects cycle I using Active Learning 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II. This shows that the results of students' confidence in Mathematics subjects using the Active Learning model show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' interest in learning to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve for the better.