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Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

Fifth grade elementary school teachers are able to determine their students' reading literacy abilities. The aim of the research is to narrate the fifth grade reading literacy skills from the perspective of the fifth grade elementary school teacher. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used was interviews. The data analysis technique applied is descriptive qualitative data analysis to discuss research results and determine conclusions. There were 26 fifth grade students who were the subjects of the research. The research results showed that fifth grade students had good reading literacy skills in understanding various fiction and non-fiction texts, although there were three students with special needs who were still having difficulties. There are 26 out of 26 students who regularly borrow and read various books in the library every Friday. Morning literacy and literacy activities every Friday after gymnastics make students' literacy skills better. There were also 23 out of 26 students who were able to understand the content of reading fairy tales, short stories, explanatory texts, math story problems and thematic lesson material. This research can be applied for consideration by teachers in improving the reading literacy skills of fifth grade students.

Fifth grade elementary school teachers are able to determine their students' reading literacy abilities. The aim of the research is to narrate the fifth grade reading literacy skills from the perspective of the fifth grade elementary school teacher. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used was interviews. The data analysis technique applied is descriptive qualitative data analysis to discuss research results and determine conclusions. There were 26 fifth grade students who were the subjects of the research. The research results showed that fifth grade students had good reading literacy skills in understanding various fiction and non-fiction texts, although there were three students with special needs who were still having difficulties. There are 26 out of 26 students who regularly borrow and read various books in the library every Friday. Morning literacy and literacy activities every Friday after gymnastics make students' literacy skills better. There were also 23 out of 26 students who were able to understand the content of reading fairy tales, short stories, explanatory texts, math story problems and thematic lesson material. This research can be applied for consideration by teachers in improving the reading literacy skills of fifth grade students.

Speech delay is a condition of delayed development of speaking abilities in children who are below the normal developmental stage for their age. The phenomenon of speech delay in Indonesian celebrity children is interesting to study from a psycholinguistic perspective. Psycholinguistics is a branch of science that studies the relationship between language and the mental processes involved in language use and provides an in-depth understanding of the causes and treatment of speech delay in celebrity children. This research aims to analyze cases of speech delay in children of Indonesian celebrities in a review of psycholinguistic studies. The research method used is a literature study by collecting data related to speech delay and language disorders in Indonesian celebrity children through YouTube video shows and through article reviews. The results of the analysis show that speech delay in Indonesian celebrity children can be caused by neurological problems, genetic and environmental factors. A psycholinguistic perspective helps understand the mental processes involved in the acquisition and use of language in celebrity children who experience speech delay. Some treatment recommendations that can be given include speech therapy, communication stimulation, as well as family and social environmental support that is conducive to the child's language development.  

Speech delay is a condition of delayed development of speaking abilities in children who are below the normal developmental stage for their age. The phenomenon of speech delay in Indonesian celebrity children is interesting to study from a psycholinguistic perspective. Psycholinguistics is a branch of science that studies the relationship between language and the mental processes involved in language use and provides an in-depth understanding of the causes and treatment of speech delay in celebrity children. This research aims to analyze cases of speech delay in children of Indonesian celebrities in a review of psycholinguistic studies. The research method used is a literature study by collecting data related to speech delay and language disorders in Indonesian celebrity children through YouTube video shows and through article reviews. The results of the analysis show that speech delay in Indonesian celebrity children can be caused by neurological problems, genetic and environmental factors. A psycholinguistic perspective helps understand the mental processes involved in the acquisition and use of language in celebrity children who experience speech delay. Some treatment recommendations that can be given include speech therapy, communication stimulation, as well as family and social environmental support that is conducive to the child's language development.  

The 21st century has led to many transitions, mainly related to the instructional paradigm from teacher-centred to student-centred. This paradigm demands meaningful activities that emphasise learning and are able to build motivation to learn well. This has relevance to Ki Hadjar Dewantara's ideas regarding his concept of education which focuses on the question of how to become a complete human being. Therefore, this narrative literature study aims to provide a descriptive explanation of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's ideas related to the 21st century learning perspective based on existing literature. This article reveals that the ideas inherited by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have strong relevance to the construction of 21st century learning. The discussion of the relevance will be explained in this article as a common reflection for many people, especially educational agents

The 21st century has led to many transitions, mainly related to the instructional paradigm from teacher-centred to student-centred. This paradigm demands meaningful activities that emphasise learning and are able to build motivation to learn well. This has relevance to Ki Hadjar Dewantara's ideas regarding his concept of education which focuses on the question of how to become a complete human being. Therefore, this narrative literature study aims to provide a descriptive explanation of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's ideas related to the 21st century learning perspective based on existing literature. This article reveals that the ideas inherited by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have strong relevance to the construction of 21st century learning. The discussion of the relevance will be explained in this article as a common reflection for many people, especially educational agents

This research delves into the intricate realm of maritime education, focusing on the academic and professional preparedness of Semester 3 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). Anchored in a qualitative descriptive approach, the study synthesizes document analysis and cadet surveys to unravel the multifaceted dynamics shaping the educational landscape. The document analysis reveals a curriculum at STIP Jakarta that aligns commendably with international standards, supported by comprehensive lecturer training programmes. However, the nuanced cadet perspectives spotlight a need for refined emphasis on the practical application of English proficiency in real-world maritime scenarios. Cadet self-assessment underscores both confidence in academic intelligence and an identified need for additional language support, calling for targeted interventions. Exploring professional competences uncovers a disparity between technical proficiency and English Maritime communication, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to bridge this gap. Cadet motivations vary from a genuine passion for maritime activities to the allure of lucrative career prospects and international recognition. Recognizing this diversity urges the need for personalised career guidance and mentorship programmes. The research also sheds light on English Maritime and Literacy proficiency, differentiating between basic skills and the ability to handle complex communication scenarios. Recommendations include integrating advanced language modules and tailored language support initiatives within the curriculum, ensuring a seamless development of linguistic skills alongside technical competences. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of maritime education at STIP Jakarta, unveiling challenges and opportunities that resonate globally. The synthesis of findings and recommendations forms a compass for refining pedagogical approaches, fostering linguistic and technical adeptness in future maritime professionals. This voyage towards enhancement is not merely a localized pursuit but a contribution to the broader discourse on cultivating global competence in maritime education.

This research delves into the intricate realm of maritime education, focusing on the academic and professional preparedness of Semester 3 cadets at the Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). Anchored in a qualitative descriptive approach, the study synthesizes document analysis and cadet surveys to unravel the multifaceted dynamics shaping the educational landscape. The document analysis reveals a curriculum at STIP Jakarta that aligns commendably with international standards, supported by comprehensive lecturer training programmes. However, the nuanced cadet perspectives spotlight a need for refined emphasis on the practical application of English proficiency in real-world maritime scenarios. Cadet self-assessment underscores both confidence in academic intelligence and an identified need for additional language support, calling for targeted interventions. Exploring professional competences uncovers a disparity between technical proficiency and English Maritime communication, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to bridge this gap. Cadet motivations vary from a genuine passion for maritime activities to the allure of lucrative career prospects and international recognition. Recognizing this diversity urges the need for personalised career guidance and mentorship programmes. The research also sheds light on English Maritime and Literacy proficiency, differentiating between basic skills and the ability to handle complex communication scenarios. Recommendations include integrating advanced language modules and tailored language support initiatives within the curriculum, ensuring a seamless development of linguistic skills alongside technical competences. In conclusion, this research offers a comprehensive understanding of maritime education at STIP Jakarta, unveiling challenges and opportunities that resonate globally. The synthesis of findings and recommendations forms a compass for refining pedagogical approaches, fostering linguistic and technical adeptness in future maritime professionals. This voyage towards enhancement is not merely a localized pursuit but a contribution to the broader discourse on cultivating global competence in maritime education.

The use of documentary video learning media can have a positive impact on the learning process, especially the understanding of complex concepts and their application in everyday life. Documentary videos can provide a deeper perspective and insight into real life, so it can be a window or tool to better see and understand real life. In this study, documentary videos have been evaluated in the context of Social Studies learning at the junior high school level. The literature review method was used to analyze various aspects of the use of documentary video learning media, including its impact on concept understanding and application in daily life. The results of this literature review provide an in-depth understanding of the factors that support the effectiveness of documentary video learning media, such as good design, content relevance, and instructional support. However, it also identifies some constraints, including the limited accessibility of technology and the need for teacher support in effective implementation. Thus, the findings from this study provide a strong basis for recommending the implementation of documentary video learning media in social studies learning in junior high schools. The practical implications can provide guidance for the development of more interesting and effective learning materials, by utilizing the potential of documentary videos as innovative and relevant learning aids.

The use of documentary video learning media can have a positive impact on the learning process, especially the understanding of complex concepts and their application in everyday life. Documentary videos can provide a deeper perspective and insight into real life, so it can be a window or tool to better see and understand real life. In this study, documentary videos have been evaluated in the context of Social Studies learning at the junior high school level. The literature review method was used to analyze various aspects of the use of documentary video learning media, including its impact on concept understanding and application in daily life. The results of this literature review provide an in-depth understanding of the factors that support the effectiveness of documentary video learning media, such as good design, content relevance, and instructional support. However, it also identifies some constraints, including the limited accessibility of technology and the need for teacher support in effective implementation. Thus, the findings from this study provide a strong basis for recommending the implementation of documentary video learning media in social studies learning in junior high schools. The practical implications can provide guidance for the development of more interesting and effective learning materials, by utilizing the potential of documentary videos as innovative and relevant learning aids.

Education plays a very important role in developing the human resource potential of a country. This research examines how Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara reflect on their experiences in facing the newly implemented Merdeka Curriculum. The Independent Curriculum is an educational approach that focuses on student needs, so teachers face additional challenges and responsibilities in implementing it. This research aims to explore the perspectives and experiences of Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara in facing the Independent Curriculum. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with interview techniques with Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara. Data validity testing was carried out using data source triangulation techniques. The research results show that the Merdeka Curriculum is considered relevant and oriented towards meeting student needs. Teachers have tried a variety of tailored learning strategies, including content, process, and product differentiation. Apart from that, this research also highlights the important role of learning modules and media in the Independent Curriculum, as well as the importance of In House Training (IHT) as an effort to increase teachers' understanding of the newly implemented curriculum. It is hoped that these findings can provide a valuable contribution in the development of educational strategies and provide the necessary support to teachers and other educational institutions that are implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

Education plays a very important role in developing the human resource potential of a country. This research examines how Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara reflect on their experiences in facing the newly implemented Merdeka Curriculum. The Independent Curriculum is an educational approach that focuses on student needs, so teachers face additional challenges and responsibilities in implementing it. This research aims to explore the perspectives and experiences of Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara in facing the Independent Curriculum. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with interview techniques with Indonesian language teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Padamara. Data validity testing was carried out using data source triangulation techniques. The research results show that the Merdeka Curriculum is considered relevant and oriented towards meeting student needs. Teachers have tried a variety of tailored learning strategies, including content, process, and product differentiation. Apart from that, this research also highlights the important role of learning modules and media in the Independent Curriculum, as well as the importance of In House Training (IHT) as an effort to increase teachers' understanding of the newly implemented curriculum. It is hoped that these findings can provide a valuable contribution in the development of educational strategies and provide the necessary support to teachers and other educational institutions that are implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

The short story "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a captivating work of literature that captures the attention of readers and researchers due to its profound potential for semiotic analysis. This analysis helps us delve into deeper meanings and understand how the author uses signs and symbols to convey significant messages within the short story. Furthermore, semiotic analysis allows us to comprehend the author's thoughts and worldview. This article provides a detailed exploration of the semiotic analysis approach used in the short story, revealing the complexity of this literary work and how semiotic elements are employed to convey profound messages and meanings. The theoretical framework includes an introduction to Peirce's semiotic theory as the basis for the analysis, while the research methodology offers a clear perspective on the analytical process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of semiotic analysis in understanding literature and enriching our understanding of "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" as a form of literature that touches on profound aspects of humanity and society. This research has the potential to serve as a foundation for further studies on semiotic theory in literature.

The short story "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma is a captivating work of literature that captures the attention of readers and researchers due to its profound potential for semiotic analysis. This analysis helps us delve into deeper meanings and understand how the author uses signs and symbols to convey significant messages within the short story. Furthermore, semiotic analysis allows us to comprehend the author's thoughts and worldview. This article provides a detailed exploration of the semiotic analysis approach used in the short story, revealing the complexity of this literary work and how semiotic elements are employed to convey profound messages and meanings. The theoretical framework includes an introduction to Peirce's semiotic theory as the basis for the analysis, while the research methodology offers a clear perspective on the analytical process. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of semiotic analysis in understanding literature and enriching our understanding of "Dilarang Menyanyi di Kamar Mandi" as a form of literature that touches on profound aspects of humanity and society. This research has the potential to serve as a foundation for further studies on semiotic theory in literature.