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This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

Understanding long texts in Arabic remains a significant challenge in many educational institutions, including MA Zaha. This article aims to discuss strategies for dissecting the main idea through a discourse analysis approach, focusing on both implicit and explicit meanings. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving observation, text analysis, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that discourse analysis aids students in identifying the main ideas that are often hidden in the form of metaphors or analogies. The application of strategies such as identifying opening paragraphs, analyzing sentence structures, contextual discussions, and idea mapping has proven effective in enhancing critical thinking, literacy, and understanding of Arab culture. This study recommends teacher training, textbook development, and the integration of cultural values to strengthen Arabic language learning holistically.

Understanding long texts in Arabic remains a significant challenge in many educational institutions, including MA Zaha. This article aims to discuss strategies for dissecting the main idea through a discourse analysis approach, focusing on both implicit and explicit meanings. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving observation, text analysis, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that discourse analysis aids students in identifying the main ideas that are often hidden in the form of metaphors or analogies. The application of strategies such as identifying opening paragraphs, analyzing sentence structures, contextual discussions, and idea mapping has proven effective in enhancing critical thinking, literacy, and understanding of Arab culture. This study recommends teacher training, textbook development, and the integration of cultural values to strengthen Arabic language learning holistically.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

This article explores the challenges and solutions in teaching syntax in Indonesian language education at schools. Syntax, as a crucial part of language structure, is often perceived as difficult and boring by students due to its theoretical and non-contextual delivery. Based on a literature review of scholarly journals and national books, it was found that students’ understanding of sentence structure remains low, affecting their writing and speaking skills. Teachers also face obstacles in developing effective and engaging teaching strategies. To address these issues, this article proposes several solutions, such as the use of communicative approaches, interactive learning media, and continuous professional development for teachers. It is hoped that with more contextual and practical methods, syntax learning can become more meaningful and enjoyable for students.

This article explores the challenges and solutions in teaching syntax in Indonesian language education at schools. Syntax, as a crucial part of language structure, is often perceived as difficult and boring by students due to its theoretical and non-contextual delivery. Based on a literature review of scholarly journals and national books, it was found that students’ understanding of sentence structure remains low, affecting their writing and speaking skills. Teachers also face obstacles in developing effective and engaging teaching strategies. To address these issues, this article proposes several solutions, such as the use of communicative approaches, interactive learning media, and continuous professional development for teachers. It is hoped that with more contextual and practical methods, syntax learning can become more meaningful and enjoyable for students.

Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (KPMM) is one of the essential skills that must be developed, as it trains students to formulate appropriate solution strategies, understand the meaning of each step, and cultivate systematic thinking habits. One of the tools that can be utilized to support the development of KPMM is the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD). Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using LKPD in improving students' KPMM; however, comprehensive reviews that specifically examine the effectiveness of LKPD based on educational level and the form of LKPD used are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings on the effectiveness of LKPD in supporting students’ KPMM in terms of educational level and LKPD format through a meta-analysis method. The population and sample of this study consist of journal articles and national conference proceedings selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis show that the use of LKPD has a very strong influence on enhancing students' KPMM, with an effect size of 2.123. Based on educational level, LKPD is proven to be more effective when used at the junior high school level (SMP) compared to the senior high school level (SMA), while in terms of format, digital LKPD is more effective than printed LKPD in supporting students' KPMM.

Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (KPMM) is one of the essential skills that must be developed, as it trains students to formulate appropriate solution strategies, understand the meaning of each step, and cultivate systematic thinking habits. One of the tools that can be utilized to support the development of KPMM is the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD). Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using LKPD in improving students' KPMM; however, comprehensive reviews that specifically examine the effectiveness of LKPD based on educational level and the form of LKPD used are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings on the effectiveness of LKPD in supporting students’ KPMM in terms of educational level and LKPD format through a meta-analysis method. The population and sample of this study consist of journal articles and national conference proceedings selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis show that the use of LKPD has a very strong influence on enhancing students' KPMM, with an effect size of 2.123. Based on educational level, LKPD is proven to be more effective when used at the junior high school level (SMP) compared to the senior high school level (SMA), while in terms of format, digital LKPD is more effective than printed LKPD in supporting students' KPMM.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. Elementary school children are now growing up in a digital era full of challenges, both in terms of easy access to information and negative impacts such as gadget addiction and decreased social interactions. Character education plays a key role in shaping children's morals, ethics, and responsibility in utilizing technology wisely. This article discusses the urgency of character education, the impact of technology on children's development, and strategies for implementing character education in the digital era.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. Elementary school children are now growing up in a digital era full of challenges, both in terms of easy access to information and negative impacts such as gadget addiction and decreased social interactions. Character education plays a key role in shaping children's morals, ethics, and responsibility in utilizing technology wisely. This article discusses the urgency of character education, the impact of technology on children's development, and strategies for implementing character education in the digital era.

Sex education in schools is an important aspect in supporting the growth and development and reproductive health of children and adolescents. However, in Indonesia, there is cultural resistance regarding the open discussion of sex education. Sex education in schools plays an important role in shaping the character and knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior, and prevention of various risks such as HIV/AIDS, premarital pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This article reviews the importance of sex education as an integral part of the school curriculum, with an approach to preventing deviant behavior and building a healthy and responsible young generation. It is hoped that through appropriate education, adolescents will be able to make wise and responsible decisions, and reduce the number of incidents that are detrimental to them. This discusses the urgency of implementing sex education in schools with a preventive approach, not just theoretical teaching. Preventive sex education aims to equip students with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to maintain reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. The implementation of sex education that is appropriate to the cultural context and involves various stakeholders in schools is crucial in creating an inclusive and safe learning environment.

Sex education in schools is an important aspect in supporting the growth and development and reproductive health of children and adolescents. However, in Indonesia, there is cultural resistance regarding the open discussion of sex education. Sex education in schools plays an important role in shaping the character and knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior, and prevention of various risks such as HIV/AIDS, premarital pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This article reviews the importance of sex education as an integral part of the school curriculum, with an approach to preventing deviant behavior and building a healthy and responsible young generation. It is hoped that through appropriate education, adolescents will be able to make wise and responsible decisions, and reduce the number of incidents that are detrimental to them. This discusses the urgency of implementing sex education in schools with a preventive approach, not just theoretical teaching. Preventive sex education aims to equip students with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to maintain reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. The implementation of sex education that is appropriate to the cultural context and involves various stakeholders in schools is crucial in creating an inclusive and safe learning environment.

Sex education is still taboo in society. Thus, it results in the implementation of sex education in schools not being optimal. The factor that influences the less than optimal implementation of sex education in schools is that many parents still have the wrong perception regarding sex education. Thus, through this study aims to review scientific articles in order to collect relevant sources related to the urgency of implementing sex education in schools. The method used in writing this article is a literature review. The study began by looking for articles related to the research topic to be carried out. The criteria for scientific articles used as data are in the form of scientific articles sourced from national and international journals with the latest 10 years, namely from 2015-2025. The results of the analysis of 12 journal articles obtained more developed types of literature review research and descriptive qualitative than other types of research. The results of the analysis show that sex education plays a major role in increasing self-awareness, maintaining the body, and forming good moral, social, and spiritual characters in children and adolescents. This education not only discusses the human body, but also teaches ethical values, responsibility, and how to control oneself, which need to be conveyed by paying attention to moral and religious values.

Sex education is still taboo in society. Thus, it results in the implementation of sex education in schools not being optimal. The factor that influences the less than optimal implementation of sex education in schools is that many parents still have the wrong perception regarding sex education. Thus, through this study aims to review scientific articles in order to collect relevant sources related to the urgency of implementing sex education in schools. The method used in writing this article is a literature review. The study began by looking for articles related to the research topic to be carried out. The criteria for scientific articles used as data are in the form of scientific articles sourced from national and international journals with the latest 10 years, namely from 2015-2025. The results of the analysis of 12 journal articles obtained more developed types of literature review research and descriptive qualitative than other types of research. The results of the analysis show that sex education plays a major role in increasing self-awareness, maintaining the body, and forming good moral, social, and spiritual characters in children and adolescents. This education not only discusses the human body, but also teaches ethical values, responsibility, and how to control oneself, which need to be conveyed by paying attention to moral and religious values.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.

Learning strategies are very important to be applied in preparation for the implementation of learning in its implementation can be attributed to local wisdom which is a concept that refers to the culture of the surrounding community. This study aims to analyze learning strategies based on local wisdom and its integration with the improvement of narrative writing skills in Indonesian language learning over the last 10 years which have been published in SINTA-indexed journals. This research is a qualitative research using a literature review of 20 articles. The writing of this article is assisted by several applications such as publish or perish and mendeley. Learning strategies can be associated with local wisdom that is adapted to the culture in the local environment. The results of the literature review are in the form of a classification of learning strategies in improving the ability to write narratives based on local wisdom. The results of the analysis show that local wisdom can be integrated into learning models, learning media, and the development of teaching materials. Based on the research, the application of learning strategies based on local wisdom can improve the ability to write narrative texts and can train critical thinking, creativity and cultural literacy.

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.