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The term gender has been heard by many people, but there are nevertheless many people who do not really understand the term correctly. Gender Equality is one of the problems that is generally often discussed by people to accompany the development of contemporary thinking, both inside the pre-Islamic period and in the period after the arrival of Islam. This paper discusses how gender roles were in the pre-Islamic period which at that time was still very thick with patriarchal culture. And the technique used in this study is within the shape of a literature study, namely by using data sources through literature data such as journals, articles, and internet sites without having to conduct interviews and observations to the field. The result of this paper is that inside the pre-Islamic times of arab society the women were in a time of disgrace and were so demeaned that they became a symbol of the scum and filth of society in that era, but everything changed When the Messenger of Rasulullah SAW came to bring islam to this world, and in those days it positioned women in a noble place. Which means that among men and women there's no distinction when in social life.

The problem in this research is whether the application of role playing techniques through group guidance is effective in increasing the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year? The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increase the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki Kupang 2023/2024 academic year The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive using pre-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design). The instruments used in this research were a self-esteem questionnaire and guidelines for implementing role playing techniques. The data analysis technique uses the t test formula. The results of data analysis show that the t_count value is 33.4268, while the t_table value at the 5% significance level is 2.132. Thus, the t_count>t_table value, this shows that the role playing technique through group guidance is effective in increasing the self-esteem of class IX A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki Kupang 2023/2024 academic year. Based on the results of this research, the researcher provides suggestions to: 1) The Principal is expected to further increase collaboration with Guidance and Counseling teachers in the implementation of role playing techniques through group guidance in order to help increase students' self-esteem. 2) Guidance and Counseling Teachers are expected to continuously carry out activities applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increase students' self-esteem. 3) Students are expected to actively participate in participating in activities applying role playing techniques through group guidance to increased self-esteem.

The problem in this research is whether the application of bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling is effective for improving the self-concept of class VIII A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year? The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of applying bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling to improve the self-concept of class VIII students at ASMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive with pre-experimental design (one-group pretest-posttest design). The research instruments used were a self-concept questionnaire and guidelines for implementing bibliotherapy techniques. The t test formula is used by research when analyzing data. The analysis results show that the t_count value is 88.75, while the t_table value at the 5% significance level is 12.71 (t_count > t_(table)). This shows that the application of bibliotherapy techniques through individual counseling is effective for improving the self-concept of class VIII A students at SMPK St. Yoseph Noelbaki for the 2023/2024 academic year. Based on the results of this research, the researcher provides suggestions to: 1) The principal is expected to better coordinate and support the entire BK program so that it is implemented well in order to help students improve their self-concept. 2) Guidance and Guidance Teachers are expected to continuously provide individual counseling services using bibliotherapy techniques to improve students' self-concept. 3) Students are expected to actively participate in individual counseling using bibliotherapy techniques carried out by guidance and counseling teachers to improve students' self-concept.

The term gender has been heard by many people, but there are nevertheless many people who do not really understand the term correctly. Gender Equality is one of the problems that is generally often discussed by people to accompany the development of contemporary thinking, both inside the pre-Islamic period and in the period after the arrival of Islam. This paper discusses how gender roles were in the pre-Islamic period which at that time was still very thick with patriarchal culture. And the technique used in this study is within the shape of a literature study, namely by using data sources through literature data such as journals, articles, and internet sites without having to conduct interviews and observations to the field. The result of this paper is that inside the pre-Islamic times of arab society the women were in a time of disgrace and were so demeaned that they became a symbol of the scum and filth of society in that era, but everything changed When the Messenger of Rasulullah SAW came to bring islam to this world, and in those days it positioned women in a noble place. Which means that among men and women there's no distinction when in social life.

The Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival tradition is a cultural activity that takes the form of tradition and is carried out every year. The heritage carnival activity was carried out by the community in Jugo Village, Kesamben District, Blitar Regency. This tradition is carried out every year on Legi Sunday in the month of Sela, this is the calculation of dates and months in Javanese tradition. The implementation of the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition is a form of respect for the village ancestor named Eyang Djoego and as a form of community gratitude because with his services he was able to make the residents of Jugo Village live prosperously and have enough because the harvest was so abundant. The focus of this research discusses the origins, procedures, what ubarampe is and the meaning of ubarampe, as well as the function of this traditional activity. This research uses the half-lisa folklore theory of James Danandjadja. The research design used is a qualitative descriptive method, the data sources used in the research are primary and secondary as well as oral and non-verbal data. The results of research from the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition produce meanings that are related to culture. This research discusses the origins of the heritage carnival tradition which originated and developed in Jugo Village. These traditional activities are also enlivened and supported by the people in Jugo Village.

The Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival tradition is a cultural activity that takes the form of tradition and is carried out every year. The heritage carnival activity was carried out by the community in Jugo Village, Kesamben District, Blitar Regency. This tradition is carried out every year on Legi Sunday in the month of Sela, this is the calculation of dates and months in Javanese tradition. The implementation of the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition is a form of respect for the village ancestor named Eyang Djoego and as a form of community gratitude because with his services he was able to make the residents of Jugo Village live prosperously and have enough because the harvest was so abundant. The focus of this research discusses the origins, procedures, what ubarampe is and the meaning of ubarampe, as well as the function of this traditional activity. This research uses the half-lisa folklore theory of James Danandjadja. The research design used is a qualitative descriptive method, the data sources used in the research are primary and secondary as well as oral and non-verbal data. The results of research from the Eyang Djoego Heritage Carnival Tradition produce meanings that are related to culture. This research discusses the origins of the heritage carnival tradition which originated and developed in Jugo Village. These traditional activities are also enlivened and supported by the people in Jugo Village.

Oral and written communication is broad and free. However, the content in it must comply with applicable rules, one of which is the principle of politeness contained in three anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil”. Criticism in it is conveyed by paying attention to the principles of politeness. However, not all speech contained in the text meets the principles of politeness. Therefore, the author was moved to carry out an analysis of the principles of politeness in the anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil” contained in the Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia SMA/SMK Kelas X. This analysis aims to discover and examine further the principles of language politeness by the discipline of pragmatics. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of data analysis were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. The results of the analysis in this research found 19 violations of politeness principles, dominated by violations of the thimble agreement. Apart from that, there is compliance with the principles of politeness, totaling 4 utterances, namely 2 on the thimble of agreement, and the other 2 on the thimble of humility and the thimble of feelings. With this research, it is hoped that it will be useful for providing understanding and as additional reference material for further research regarding the principles of language politeness in communication.

One example of editorial text found in everyday life is in newspapers. Newspapers provide actual information needed by the public through reporting in editorial texts. The newspaper that is often found today is the Kompas Newspaper. In the educational realm, the editorial text in the Kompas Newspaper can be a medium for learning Indonesian. Editorial text in newspapers requires appropriate sentence structure so that readers can understand the meaning of the contents of the newspaper. Thus, sentence structure in editorial texts can be a medium for analyzing directive illocutionary speech acts. This research aims to determine the types of directive illocution speech acts contained in editorial texts in the Kompas Newspaper. The theoretical benefit of this research is to increase insight and information regarding the types of directive illocution speech acts. The practical benefit is being able to understand the meaning of sentences written in newspapers. This research is classified as descriptive qualitative which refers to a theoretical approach in the form of a pragmatic approach. The method in this research is the matching method using listening and note-taking techniques, while the data presentation method uses formal data presentation. The primary data used is editorial text sourced from the Kompas Newspaper. The data that has been found is presented in the form of an explanation and linked to secondary data in the form of similar previous research. The results of this research are 18 types of directive illocution speech acts which include 7 directive illocution speech acts suggesting, 1 opposing, 2 requesting, 1 commanding, 1 hoping, 1 appealing, 1 giving a signal, 2 pleading, 1 urging, and 1 inviting.

Currently, many learning videos are available on various social media platforms. It is hoped that each video will achieve existing learning objectives and enable students to understand and implement the results of their learning activities well.  This research aims to examine and explain the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts found in several learning videos and evaluate whether the speech acts in these videos support the development of Indonesian language literacy and speaking skills in giving speeches.  Illocutionary speech acts relate to the power effect obtained by the audience of an utterance uttered by the speaker.  This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a pragmatic approach with an analysis of the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts.  In this research, qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze related data.  Data was obtained from six speech learning videos on the YouTube channel, and the data collection technique involved proficient free-involved listening (SBLC) and note-taking techniques.  Researchers watched videos about learning speech texts on the Literacy for Indonesia YouTube Channel, then took notes and recorded utterances that contained illocutionary utterances.  The data analysis technique uses matching and high techniques to study the form and type of illocutionary speech.  From the data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that there are assertive utterances giving testimony and stating, directive utterances giving advice and ordering, expressive utterances containing prayers and hopes, and commissive utterances offering and promising.  It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase deeper understanding and knowledge regarding illocutionary speech acts and their use, knowledge about their types, as well as guide educators and online learning material creators to increase learning effectiveness.

Oral and written communication is broad and free. However, the content in it must comply with applicable rules, one of which is the principle of politeness contained in three anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil”. Criticism in it is conveyed by paying attention to the principles of politeness. However, not all speech contained in the text meets the principles of politeness. Therefore, the author was moved to carry out an analysis of the principles of politeness in the anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil” contained in the Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia SMA/SMK Kelas X. This analysis aims to discover and examine further the principles of language politeness by the discipline of pragmatics. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of data analysis were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. The results of the analysis in this research found 19 violations of politeness principles, dominated by violations of the thimble agreement. Apart from that, there is compliance with the principles of politeness, totaling 4 utterances, namely 2 on the thimble of agreement, and the other 2 on the thimble of humility and the thimble of feelings. With this research, it is hoped that it will be useful for providing understanding and as additional reference material for further research regarding the principles of language politeness in communication.

One example of editorial text found in everyday life is in newspapers. Newspapers provide actual information needed by the public through reporting in editorial texts. The newspaper that is often found today is the Kompas Newspaper. In the educational realm, the editorial text in the Kompas Newspaper can be a medium for learning Indonesian. Editorial text in newspapers requires appropriate sentence structure so that readers can understand the meaning of the contents of the newspaper. Thus, sentence structure in editorial texts can be a medium for analyzing directive illocutionary speech acts. This research aims to determine the types of directive illocution speech acts contained in editorial texts in the Kompas Newspaper. The theoretical benefit of this research is to increase insight and information regarding the types of directive illocution speech acts. The practical benefit is being able to understand the meaning of sentences written in newspapers. This research is classified as descriptive qualitative which refers to a theoretical approach in the form of a pragmatic approach. The method in this research is the matching method using listening and note-taking techniques, while the data presentation method uses formal data presentation. The primary data used is editorial text sourced from the Kompas Newspaper. The data that has been found is presented in the form of an explanation and linked to secondary data in the form of similar previous research. The results of this research are 18 types of directive illocution speech acts which include 7 directive illocution speech acts suggesting, 1 opposing, 2 requesting, 1 commanding, 1 hoping, 1 appealing, 1 giving a signal, 2 pleading, 1 urging, and 1 inviting.

Currently, many learning videos are available on various social media platforms. It is hoped that each video will achieve existing learning objectives and enable students to understand and implement the results of their learning activities well.  This research aims to examine and explain the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts found in several learning videos and evaluate whether the speech acts in these videos support the development of Indonesian language literacy and speaking skills in giving speeches.  Illocutionary speech acts relate to the power effect obtained by the audience of an utterance uttered by the speaker.  This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a pragmatic approach with an analysis of the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts.  In this research, qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze related data.  Data was obtained from six speech learning videos on the YouTube channel, and the data collection technique involved proficient free-involved listening (SBLC) and note-taking techniques.  Researchers watched videos about learning speech texts on the Literacy for Indonesia YouTube Channel, then took notes and recorded utterances that contained illocutionary utterances.  The data analysis technique uses matching and high techniques to study the form and type of illocutionary speech.  From the data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that there are assertive utterances giving testimony and stating, directive utterances giving advice and ordering, expressive utterances containing prayers and hopes, and commissive utterances offering and promising.  It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase deeper understanding and knowledge regarding illocutionary speech acts and their use, knowledge about their types, as well as guide educators and online learning material creators to increase learning effectiveness.

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in crime cases in Indonesia, sometimes linked to psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is a form of mental disorder characterized by a lack of personal organization and integration, an inability to take moral responsibility, and frequent conflicts with social norms and laws due to illness.mental, created by your own imagination.This study aims to describe the phenomenon of psychopathic behavior in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  using a literary psychology approach, specifically using Sigmund Freud's theory of psychopathic personality disorder.Basically, literary psychology deals with the psychology of fictional characters in literary works. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive technique. Based on the results of several studies, it can be seen that (1) the psychopathic behavior of the characters in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  is known to be based on specific behavioral characteristics of psychopaths, specifically, their penchant for manipulation and action. aggressive, brutal behavior, without remorse or guilt, capable of recognizing forms of psychopathic behavior  divided into 3 types: mild, moderate and severe. (2) The factors that cause the characters in the novel Heartbeat to have psychopathic behaviorare genetic factors and environmental factors.

The following article discusses the results of research on the value of women's struggle in the novel They Bilang Aku Kemlinthi by Hanifa Vidya with a mimetic approach. The focus of this discussion is to describe values ​​which include social reality, educational reality, and the reality of struggle. This approach can be linked between literary works and real life through a mimetic approach. In the novel, the local community rejects the "cook, macak, manak" system, that women can only cook, dress up and give birth. So researchers are interested in studying it using a mimetic approach. The method used in this article is a qualitative descriptive approach which produces data in the form of written words, and this research contains data quotations which provide an overview of the research results, then the data collection technique used is reading and note-taking techniques, because to find out a picture of life social values, education, and struggles that exist in real life. The description of social reality includes an attitude of helping the upper class to the lower class (compassion), and the existence of an attitude of helping the lower class to the upper class (reciprocity) in the novel reflects social values ​​in real life. Then the description of the reality of education, such as enthusiasm for education and being active in school activities, in the novel, the value of education is still present in the real world. Then the reality of struggle is related to fighting for rights.

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in crime cases in Indonesia, sometimes linked to psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is a form of mental disorder characterized by a lack of personal organization and integration, an inability to take moral responsibility, and frequent conflicts with social norms and laws due to illness.mental, created by your own imagination.This study aims to describe the phenomenon of psychopathic behavior in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  using a literary psychology approach, specifically using Sigmund Freud's theory of psychopathic personality disorder.Basically, literary psychology deals with the psychology of fictional characters in literary works. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive technique. Based on the results of several studies, it can be seen that (1) the psychopathic behavior of the characters in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  is known to be based on specific behavioral characteristics of psychopaths, specifically, their penchant for manipulation and action. aggressive, brutal behavior, without remorse or guilt, capable of recognizing forms of psychopathic behavior  divided into 3 types: mild, moderate and severe. (2) The factors that cause the characters in the novel Heartbeat to have psychopathic behaviorare genetic factors and environmental factors.

The following article discusses the results of research on the value of women's struggle in the novel They Bilang Aku Kemlinthi by Hanifa Vidya with a mimetic approach. The focus of this discussion is to describe values ​​which include social reality, educational reality, and the reality of struggle. This approach can be linked between literary works and real life through a mimetic approach. In the novel, the local community rejects the "cook, macak, manak" system, that women can only cook, dress up and give birth. So researchers are interested in studying it using a mimetic approach. The method used in this article is a qualitative descriptive approach which produces data in the form of written words, and this research contains data quotations which provide an overview of the research results, then the data collection technique used is reading and note-taking techniques, because to find out a picture of life social values, education, and struggles that exist in real life. The description of social reality includes an attitude of helping the upper class to the lower class (compassion), and the existence of an attitude of helping the lower class to the upper class (reciprocity) in the novel reflects social values ​​in real life. Then the description of the reality of education, such as enthusiasm for education and being active in school activities, in the novel, the value of education is still present in the real world. Then the reality of struggle is related to fighting for rights.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the personality of Alara. The material objects used in the novel entitled "Lara Rasa" by Nureesh Vhalega. By using a literary psychology approach. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data obtained in this research includes all the phenomena in the novel. This phenomenon can be activities, characteristics and relationships, through critical analysis of the novel "Lara Rasa" and further analysis. This finding was obtained due to the concept of Hierarchy of Needs from Maslow. The five needs that form this hierarchy are (1) Physiological Needs, (2) Needs for Security, (3) Needs for love and Existence, (4) Needs for Appreciation, (5) The need for self-actualization. Aims to reveal personality attitudes by understanding the characters in the novel

This research aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the main character Rani in the short story Saat Mas Wants to Marry Again by Nirmala Rustini. The problem in this research is more focused on the form of inner conflict of the main character Rani. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, using a short story literary work entitled When Mas Wants to Marry Again by Nirmala Rustini as a research source. The data collection technique uses the note-reading method, by reading the entire short story and recording relevant data to be used as a source of research data. From the results of this research, it was found that there were five inner conflicts found in the short story When Mas Wants to Marry Again, namely feelings of sadness, feelings of anger, feelings of fear, feelings of anxiety, and feelings of disappointment.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the personality of Alara. The material objects used in the novel entitled "Lara Rasa" by Nureesh Vhalega. By using a literary psychology approach. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data obtained in this research includes all the phenomena in the novel. This phenomenon can be activities, characteristics and relationships, through critical analysis of the novel "Lara Rasa" and further analysis. This finding was obtained due to the concept of Hierarchy of Needs from Maslow. The five needs that form this hierarchy are (1) Physiological Needs, (2) Needs for Security, (3) Needs for love and Existence, (4) Needs for Appreciation, (5) The need for self-actualization. Aims to reveal personality attitudes by understanding the characters in the novel

This research aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the main character Rani in the short story Saat Mas Wants to Marry Again by Nirmala Rustini. The problem in this research is more focused on the form of inner conflict of the main character Rani. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, using a short story literary work entitled When Mas Wants to Marry Again by Nirmala Rustini as a research source. The data collection technique uses the note-reading method, by reading the entire short story and recording relevant data to be used as a source of research data. From the results of this research, it was found that there were five inner conflicts found in the short story When Mas Wants to Marry Again, namely feelings of sadness, feelings of anger, feelings of fear, feelings of anxiety, and feelings of disappointment.