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Changes in values in modern society have led to a shift in the meaning of love in marital relationships, from moral and spiritual commitment to momentary emotions oriented towards personal satisfaction. This shift has weakened long-term commitment and increased relational conflict within families. Islam, with its concept of marriage as mitsāqan ghalīẓā and love as amanah, offers a relevant normative framework to respond to this crisis. This study aims to examine the concept of marriage in Islam and analyze how the values of sakinah, mawaddah, and raḥmah can be solutions to the crisis of the meaning of love in modern families. The method used is a qualitative literature study, through an examination of classical and contemporary Islamic literature and scientific studies on the dynamics of modern families and relationships. The data were analyzed thematically to identify the relationship between the meaning of love, commitment, and relational conflict. The results and discussion show that reducing love to mere emotion weakens the stability of marriage, while understanding love as a spiritual and moral trust strengthens empathy, communication, and conflict resolution mechanisms. The principles of ṣabr, raḥmah, and musyawarah have proven to play an important role in maintaining the resilience of relationships. In conclusion, Islamic marriage values provide a solid and adaptive ethical foundation for building a harmonious, mature, and sustainable family amid the challenges of modernity.

Disputes over unpaid insurance claims are a problem that frequently arises in insurance practice and can harm consumers both financially and psychologically, while also reducing public trust in the insurance industry. Such disputes are generally triggered by differing interpretations of policy provisions, alleged breaches of the good-faith principle, and administrative obstacles, which ultimately lead to civil conflicts between the insured and the insurer. To provide access to dispute resolution that is faster, fairer, and more affordable than litigation, the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK) established the Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution for the Financial Services Sector (Lembaga Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa Sektor Jasa Keuangan/LAPS SJK) through OJK Regulation No. 61/POJK.07/2020. This study aims to analyze the mechanism for resolving disputes over unpaid insurance claims through LAPS SJK and to assess its effectiveness in providing legal protection and legal certainty for consumers. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, through an examination of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials related to contracts, insurance, consumer protection, and alternative dispute resolution. The findings show that LAPS SJK has the authority to handle civil disputes in the financial services sector, including insurance disputes, provided that the parties have a written agreement and have first pursued internal dispute resolution (Internal Dispute Resolution/IDR). Dispute resolution at LAPS SJK is conducted through mediation and arbitration. Mediation is facilitated by a mediator to encourage the parties to reach a settlement agreement, which may be reinforced into a Deed of Settlement (Akta Perdamaian) that is final, binding, and enforceable. If mediation fails, arbitration offers a more determinative resolution through a final and binding award that can be enforced after being registered with the District Court. Overall, LAPS SJK is considered effective because its procedures are structured, time-bound, and provide a fee waiver for mediation in retail and small-claim cases up to IDR 750,000,000. However, its effectiveness remains conditional, as it depends on the existence of a written agreement between the parties, the obligation to undergo IDR, and good faith in the mediation process.

The abuse of authority by public officials within Indonesia’s governmental administration has become an increasingly urgent issue to address. Such misconduct undermines the fundamental principles of good governance  including transparency, accountability, and justice which are essential for ensuring efficient and effective government operations. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the forms of abuse of authority by public officials, the factors influencing such behavior, and its impact on the effectiveness of governance and public trust. The research employs a normative approach with a prescriptive legal method, analyzing legislation related to the abuse of authority as well as a case-based approach to explore the implementation of authority by public officials in governmental practice.The findings indicate that abuse of authority may occur in various forms, such as exceeding the limits of granted power, conflating different authorities, or acting arbitrarily for personal or group interests  all of which contradict the principle of legality governing governmental actions. Moreover, such practices negatively affect the quality of public services and tarnish the image of governmental institutions. The study also finds that although Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration provides a clear legal framework, its implementation remains hindered by weak internal and external oversight systems. Therefore, this research recommends strengthening more effective supervision mechanisms, enhancing transparency in administrative decision-making processes, and involving the public in monitoring efforts to ensure that public officials exercise their authority in accordance with established objectives in pursuit of a clean and just government.

In social practice, land sale and purchase transactions are still frequently conducted through private agreements, mainly driven by mutual trust between the parties, cost considerations, and the perception that such procedures are simpler and faster. From the perspective of civil law, such sale and purchase agreements remain valid and legally binding as long as they fulfill the legal requirements of a valid contract as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. However, within the national land law system, land sale and purchase agreements executed under private deeds cannot serve as a legal basis for the transfer of land rights because they are not made before a Land Deed Official (Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah/PPAT) as required by statutory regulations. This divergence in legal regulation gives rise to legal uncertainty, particularly for buyers acting in good faith. On the one hand, the agreement creates rights and obligations under civil law; on the other hand, it fails to provide legal certainty over land rights due to its inability to be registered. This condition reflects a tension between the civil law regime and the land law regime, while also indicating the weak legal protection afforded to good-faith buyers. These issues constitute the basis and urgency of this research.

This study investigates collaborative governance in road infrastructure repair in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, driven by the urgent need to address the high number of damaged roads and the limitations of local government capabilities. Utilizing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, data were gathered from interviews with five stakeholders, field observations, and supporting documents. The study applies collaborative governance theory by Emerson and Nabatchi to analyze road repair efforts in Pekanbaru, highlighting effective collaborative dynamics. Key findings reveal the establishment of a Coordination Team, role clarity, trust, and commitment among stakeholders as factors of success. Essential contributing elements include shared cooperation needs, consequential incentives, leadership support, and sufficient resources. However, challenges such as a volatile political climate, unequal information distribution, and power imbalances pose barriers to collaboration. Overall, the study concludes that collaborative governance in Pekanbaru's road infrastructure enhancement has yielded positive outcomes but calls for improvements in transparency, communication strategies, and the establishment of an integrated information system for effective progress monitoring. Additionally, independent oversight mechanisms are recommended to sustain equitable role distribution and responsibilities among all parties involved.

This study aims to analyze the regulation and implementation of the authority to test laws and regulations (judicial review) in the Indonesian state system based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This study applies a normative juridical method using three main approaches, namely the statute approach, the conceptual approach, and the historical approach. The legal data collected includes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then reviewed through qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that normatively the division of judicial review authority between the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court has been expressly regulated in Article 24A paragraph (1) and Article 24C paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The Supreme Court is given the authority to test regulations under the law against the law, and the Constitutional Court is given the authority to test laws against the 1945 Constitution. This division of authority is a manifestation of the principle of separation of powers and the mechanism of checks and balances after the third amendment to the 1945 Constitution. However, in practice, this two-roof judicial review system tends to give rise to conceptual and practical problems, such as overlapping authority and differences in decisions between the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court which have the potential to create legal uncertainty and reduce public trust in the judicial institution. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize the authority of judicial review by strengthening coordination between institutions or unifying the authority of judicial review which is centered on one institution only in order to guarantee legal certainty, harmonization of norms, and supremacy of the constitution in the Indonesian state system.  

The rapid development of information technology has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including business and law. One of the key innovations in this context is Blockchain technology. Blockchain has revolutionized information storage and exchange, particularly in the realm of Indonesian contract transactions. It is a decentralized technology that allows for transactions between two parties who do not trust each other, without the need for a third party. The data in Blockchain is stored across the entire network, ensuring that it cannot be altered by a single party without the agreement of the entire network. Furthermore, Blockchain enhances transparency and accountability in data management. This study employs a normative legal research method with a descriptive approach. The findings reveal that Blockchain technology has significant implications for the protection of personal data and the validity of evidence in civil cases. As the technology continues to evolve, its potential to transform legal transactions in Indonesia is undeniable.

The enforcement of election criminal law plays a crucial role in safeguarding democratic integrity and upholding the principle of popular sovereignty. Law Number 7 of 2017 establishes the Integrated Law Enforcement Center (Sentra Gakkumdu) as a coordinated mechanism involving the Election Supervisory Body, the Police, and the Prosecution Service in addressing election crimes. However, in practice, the Gakkumdu system has not fully ensured a balanced realization of legal certainty, substantive justice, and legal utility. This study aims to analyze the problems of election criminal law enforcement within the Gakkumdu system, examine the relevance of the Restorative Justice approach in election law, and formulate a reconstruction of election criminal law enforcement based on this approach. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, legal philosophy, and legal policy approaches. The findings indicate that the weaknesses in election criminal law enforcement arise from institutional fragmentation, normative ambiguity, and a legal culture dominated by legalistic and sectoral perspectives. The Restorative Justice approach is considered relevant as it prioritizes substantive justice and the restoration of democratic values. Therefore, reconstructing election criminal law enforcement based on Restorative Justice is essential to strengthening democratic legitimacy and public trust in elections in Indonesia.

This study stems from a classic question in the study of political hadith regarding leadership, specifically the hadith "The Imams are from Quraysh," which is often understood textually as requiring leaders to be from the Quraysh tribe. This kind of understanding often stops at the normative and historical level, without considering the socio-political context of modern society, which is fundamentally different from the early Islamic era. As a result, a gap emerged between the moral message of the hadith and the reality of the leadership system in democratic countries like Indonesia. This research aims to reanalyse the meaning of hadiths about Quraysh and non-Quraysh leadership, and to trace their relevance to the concept of state leadership in the Indonesian constitutional system, placing Islamic political theory and modern leadership theory on an equal footing (theory = theory). This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research, with the primary sources being political hadiths and classical references such as al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah by al-Mawardi, supplemented by contemporary literature on the modern Indonesian government system. The analysis was conducted using comparative methods and content analysis to explore the commonalities and differences between the concept of Imamah in Islam and leadership in modern democratic systems. The research findings indicate that the hadith about Quraysh leadership cannot be understood rigidly as a limitation of lineage, but rather as an ethical guideline emphasising the principles of justice, trust, responsibility, and public interest. The ethical values in the hadith align with the basic principles of the presidential system in Indonesia, such as public accountability, limitation of power, and popular sovereignty, as regulated in the 1945 Constitution. Despite challenges such as corruption, the politicisation of religion, and weak leadership morality, the values of the hadith remain relevant if translated into public norms and modern governance practices. This research confirms that leadership in Islam and Indonesian democracy can complement each other, with Islam providing a moral and spiritual foundation, while democracy offers the legal and political structure to realise it.

Demonstrations demanding the dissolution of the House of Representatives by 2025 highlight a crisis of public trust and serve as a key moment in Indonesia's political landscape. These protests have not only symbolic significance but also lead to elite repositioning, the temporary dismissal of several members, and the cessation of policy that increased benefits. This study examines how the crisis has prompted political institutional reconstruction and the role of civil society in influencing change. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, including literature studies, analysis of academic literature, official documents, and media reports. The findings indicate that actions by the House of Representatives, such as the rotation of Commission III leadership, member deactivation, and rejection of benefit increases, were primarily reactive to public pressure. The discussion reveals that while these actions reduce crisis escalation, they are cosmetic and do not address structural issues like legislative accountability and budget transparency. In conclusion, the 2025 protests provide an opportunity for civil society to engage politically outside elections, but the institutional changes made are short-term. Fundamental reform can only occur if civil movements remain consistent and if political parties and the government commit to reform.

This study aims to examine the application of heart-centered communication based on Nonviolent Communication (NVC) Theory in interactions between employees and guests at the Masainn Hotel, Kuta, Bali. NVC, developed by Marshall Rosenberg, stresses empathetic engagement built on four core components: observation, feelings, needs, and requests. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with guests and direct field observations of daily service interactions. The findings indicate that employees consistently apply empathy-driven communication by offering warm greetings, attentive service, and genuine emotional presence. These behaviors help create a family-like environment that makes guests feel comfortable and emotionally connected to the hotel. Notably, one guest reported returning to the hotel for three consecutive years, having been introduced by a friend who has been a loyal customer for nine years. This demonstrates that NVC-based communication contributes significantly to guest satisfaction, trust, and long-term loyalty. Furthermore, the study highlights the strategic role of emotional intelligence and compassionate communication in shaping service quality within the hospitality industry. By integrating NVC principles into daily service practices, hotels can foster stronger interpersonal relationships, enhance guest experiences, and build sustainable customer retention.

The Great Mosque of Banten is a historical heritage that reflects cultural acculturation and the glory of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago. This study aims to analyze the forms of collaboration between the government, local communities, and site managers in preserving the Great Mosque of Banten using the Collaborative Governance theory by Ansell and Gash (2007). A descriptive qualitative approach was applied through interviews, field observations, and document studies conducted in the Great Mosque area. The findings reveal that collaboration among stakeholders has not yet reached optimal levels due to limited communication, trust gaps, and conflicting interests. Nevertheless, functional cooperation has emerged through joint activities in sanitation, security, and tour guide training. Based on the five indicators of the collaborative process, direct communication (face to face dialogue) and trust building remain major challenges, while shared understanding between government agencies, the foundation, and the community has begun to develop. This study highlights the importance of sustainable collaborative governance in preserving the religious, historical, and social values of the Great Mosque of Banten while supporting the welfare of the surrounding community.  

Letter of Credit or L/C is a payment instrument in international trade transactions. Payment through a Letter of Credit is the most ideal form of payment in providing  payment certainty, because in its mechanism, L/C requires  payment to the seller through a bank guarantee with the fulfillment of the conditions specified in the document. Fraudulent letters of credit are disputes between parties in the execution of L/C payments caused by errors or irregularities due to fraud. As a result, in international civil agreements,  such agreements are deemed invalid. Mediation is a method of dispute resolution through non-litigation channels. In mediation, the dispute resolution mechanism is carried out by using a third party called a mediator. This method is highly dependent on the trust of the disputing parties in the mediator. In carrying out their duties, mediators act based on the principles of neutrality, confidentiality, voluntariness, empowerment, and as a provider of recommendations in the course of mediation for dispute resolution. Generally, mediation as a method is rarely applied in cases of international civil dispute resolution, because the resolution of international civil payment disputes is carried out through arbitration. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution based on an arbitration agreement. An arbitration agreement is an agreement agreed upon by both parties to submit and surrender all matters to an arbitrator.

This study aims to analyze the factors causing the differences in legal treatment and their implications on the principles of equality before the law, legal certainty, and the principle of legality. The method used is empirical legal research with a juridical-sociological approach. This study involves case studies, interviews with law enforcement officers and victim advocates, as well as an analysis of regulations and court decisions. The results indicate that the differences in legal treatment are caused by the application of subjective detention requirements in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), law enforcement discretion, differing legal interpretations between prosecutors and judges, the quality of legal assistance for defendants, and social pressures and societal dynamics. The impact of these differences is the failure to achieve substantive justice, weakening legal certainty, and declining public trust in the criminal justice system. This research has significant academic urgency as it contributes to the development of the enforcement of laws regarding Human Trafficking (TPPO), emphasizing the need for consistency, transparency, and the protection of victims' rights in the application of criminal law.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by the Ngurah Rai Taxi Transportation Cooperative in responding to competition in the transportation industry in the digital era. Unlike application-based transportation companies, Ngurah Rai Taxi is a local transportation service provider that does not use a booking application, but instead relies on direct marketing activities at Ngurah Rai International Airport and the use of social media as a marketing communication tool. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The research informants consist of an operational manager, field staff, a social media administrator, and taxi drivers. The findings indicate that the marketing strategy of Ngurah Rai Taxi emphasizes personal interaction, trust, and its image as an official airport taxi. Analysis using the AIDA model shows that consumer attention and interest are built through physical presence in the airport arrival area and direct communication, while desire and action are influenced by factors such as safety, fare certainty, and service comfort. This study confirms that direct service-based marketing strategies remain relevant and competitive within the context of Bali’s tourism market.

Guardianship has an important role in supervising minors, including the management of their parents' inherited property as stipulated in Article 51 paragraph (3) of the Marriage Law. However, the practice shows that there is an abuse of authority by the guardian, who controls and even transfers inheritance not for the benefit of the child. This research aims to examine the legal consequences of the transfer of the inheritance of minors to guardians as well as the forms of legal protection available, with a case study of the Banten High Court Decision Number 89/Pdt/2015/PT BTN. The method used is normative legal research with legislative, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches, and uses legal consequences theory from R. Soeroso and legal protection theory from Satjipto Rahardjo. The results of the study show that the control of property by the guardian can cause the loss or escape of the child's inheritance, especially if there is no strict supervision and regulation. Therefore, it is necessary to affirm the legal status of children's inheritances, regulate the authority of guardians more strictly, and apply effective legal sanctions to prevent abuse. The litigation route is an important instrument in legal protection so that children can regain their rights fairly. This research contributes to strengthening the guardianship legal system in Indonesia, especially in the context of protecting children's rights to inheritance.

The current global environmental crisis is not only caused by technical and economic factors, but also reflects a spiritual and ethical crisis in the modern human view of nature. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a contemporary Islamic philosopher and thinker, offers an environmental ethics approach based on Islamic spirituality that emphasizes the sanctity of nature and the relationship between humans and God as the center of ecological morality. This study aims to examine in depth the concept of environmental ethics according to Nasr, as well as its relevance in responding to contemporary ecological challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study of Nasr's works, this study found that Nasr's concept of environmental ethics is based on the principles of monotheism, trust, and the ontological relationship between humans and the universe. Nasr criticized the Western secular and anthropocentric paradigm that objectifies nature and called for the restoration of the sacred relationship between humans and the environment as the basis for sustainable ecological ethics. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of holistic and spiritual environmental ethics in global and local contexts.

This study aims to analyze the legal status of the Deed of Decision of the Foundation's Board of Trustees Meeting which was made not in accordance with the meeting agenda, identify legal problems arising from procedural defects, and examine the legal responsibility of notaries and foundation trustees as reflected in the Decision of the Bandung District Court Number 389/Pdt.G/2019/PN Bdg. The method used is normative juridical with a case approach and statute approach. Primary data was obtained from the court decision, while secondary data came from Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations, its implementing regulations, and related legal literature. The results of the study indicate that the deed of decision of the board of trustees meeting which was not in accordance with the meeting agenda in this case was declared invalid and not binding because it contained procedural defects and was contrary to the principle of justice. As a result, various legal problems arose, such as unlawful acts, flawed meeting decisions, notarial deeds that lost their force, and potential sanctions for notaries. Legal responsibility in this case rests with both the notary and the foundation's trustees, who can be held civilly liable for damages and immaterial losses.

The execution of Mortgage Rights (Hak Tanggungan) represents legal certainty as regulated in Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights. Execution of the collateral object can be carried out through private sale, parate execution, or based on an executorial title. This mechanism reflects good faith and trust between the creditor and debtor in a lending agreement. In line with Sharia principles, the murabahah financing contract also allows for collateral (rahn tasjily), granting the creditor the authority to execute the collateral object if the debtor defaults. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Mortgage Rights execution in Sharia financing, specifically under the murabahah contract. The method used is normative juridical research with a descriptive approach, employing statutory and case study analysis, and based on literature and relevant regulations. The results indicate that land rights can serve as collateral under Mortgage Rights in Sharia financing. This is confirmed in the Supreme Court Decision Number 179K/Pdt/2017, which serves as jurisprudential precedent for Decision Number 3/Yur/2018, where the collateral is executed through a Deed of Granting Mortgage Rights. The position of the creditor in a murabahah contract is equivalent to that in conventional financing, as confirmed in the DSN-MUI Fatwa, thus the creditor retains the right to execute even if the debtor defaults before the due date.

This study analyzes the communication methods used by the Sharia Savings and Loan and Financing Cooperative (KSPPS) Abdi Kerta Raharja to increase a positive image through the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program in the ZISWAF division. The primary focus is on how effectively the CSR program’s messages are delivered and how they contribute to building trust and fostering good relationships with the community. A qualitative research method with a descriptive approach was employed, involving data collection through in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies. The findings indicate that KSPPS Abdi Kerta Raharja has successfully implemented various CSR initiatives designed to empower the community and enhance welfare, which, in turn, has contributed to a positive image of the cooperative in the eyes of the public. Furthermore, the study examines how the community perceives and responds to these programs, how information is disseminated through media, and the impact on member loyalty. This research highlights the significance of communication in ensuring the effectiveness of CSR efforts and the strengthening of community ties. The results are expected to provide insights for KSPPS managers to develop improved and sustainable communication strategies that will help foster a positive image and further the success of CSR programs in the future.