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This research analyzes the authority of local governments in ensuring aviation safety and security through the regulation of the Airport Operation Safety Zone (Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan/KKOP) and spatial control around airports in Indonesia. The study employs a normative juridical method by examining statutory regulations, international standards from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as relevant cases in Ahmad Yani Airport Semarang, Mutiara Sis Al Jufri Airport Palu, and Supadio Airport Pontianak. The results show that the authority of local governments is strategic but not absolute; it must be harmonized with national policies and international standards. In practice, the implementation is hampered by normative and practical challenges. Normative barriers include fragmented regulations, weak regional legal instruments, and the lack of incorporation of ICAO standards into local regulations. Implementation barriers involve limited technical capacity, insufficient resources, weak supervision, and socio-economic resistance related to land use around airports. These conditions result in ineffective spatial control, which directly affects aviation safety and airport development. The study suggests strengthening local regulations through specific bylaws on KKOP that align with national and international standards, improving the technical capacity of local apparatus, integrating obstacle registry systems, and establishing compensation or relocation mechanisms for affected communities. Cross-sectoral coordination between central government, local government, airport authorities, and stakeholders is also essential to ensure consistent policy implementation. This research contributes to the development of aviation law, regional autonomy, and the improvement of public safety in Indonesia.

This study evaluates the policy implementation of the face recognition system at Surabaya Gubeng Station as a digital innovation in public service by PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero). Using a qualitative approach and the policy evaluation model by William N. Dunn, the study assesses six key indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, responsiveness, accuracy, and equity. The findings indicate that the system is effective in accelerating the boarding process, reducing queues, and improving passenger convenience. Efficiency is achieved through reduced staff workload and automated identity verification. However, several challenges remain, including technical disruptions, data input errors, and low digital literacy among users. Personal data protection is also a concern as most users are not fully aware of how their biometric data is managed. Therefore an adaptive governance strategy is needed, involving infrastructure improvement, staff training, public education, and greater transparency in data policy. With these measures, the face recognition system can serve not only as a tool for technical efficiency but also as a form of inclusive and sustainable public service transformation.