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Bali, as an international tourism destination, serves as a space for cross-cultural interactions that require effective communication skills, particularly in the hospitality sector. Hotel Masa Inn serves predominantly international guests, requiring front office staff to adapt to cross-cultural communication. This study aims to analyze the process of cross-cultural communication adaptation between Hotel Masainn employees and international guests through the perspective of Willingness to Communicate (WTC). A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, structured interviews, and document analysis. Informants were selected purposively from front office staff. The findings indicate that communication adaptation is carried out through basic English proficiency, the use of nonverbal communication, active interaction, and intrinsic motivation to improve language skills. However, this process also faces challenges in the form of communication anxiety and situational pressure, particularly when dealing with repeater guests. Within the WTC framework, employees’ willingness to communicate is influenced by self-confidence, motivation, anxiety, and interactional context, which collectively contribute to service quality and international guest satisfaction.  

This article examines three major streams of Islamic political thought in Indonesia through a comparative analysis of the ideas of Mohammad Natsir, Abu Bakar Ba’asyir, and Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur). Mohammad Natsir embodies the constitutional–integralist perspective, which seeks to formalize Islam as the foundation of the state by utilizing democratic mechanisms and constitutional political processes. In contrast, Abu Bakar Ba’asyir reflects a radical–ideological orientation that firmly rejects democracy and advocates the full implementation of Islamic Sharia through extra-constitutional and non-parliamentary movements. Meanwhile, Abdurrahman Wahid represents a substantive–cultural approach, opposing the formal institutionalization of Islam within the state while promoting Islamic values as ethical guidance for building a tolerant and pluralistic nation. The contrasting viewpoints of these three figures highlight the diversity of Islamic political discourse in Indonesia and illustrate the evolving interaction between religion and state. Overall, this study demonstrates how Islamic thought continues to adapt and remain relevant within Indonesia’s multicultural and democratic context.

This article examines the relationship between Islamic politics and democracy in contemporary Indonesia. As the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia presents a distinctive dynamic in the interaction between Islamic values and modern democratic systems. This study aims to analyze how Islamic political actors, including political parties and religious organizations, interact with and adapt to democratic practices in the post-Reform era. The research employs a qualitative method through a literature review of Indonesian academic journals published within the last five years. The findings indicate that Islamic politics in Indonesia is plural and dynamic, showing an adaptive tendency toward democratic principles. Islamic values such as deliberation (shura), justice, and equality are considered compatible with democratic ideals. However, Islamic politics also faces contemporary challenges, including the politicization of religion, identity politics, and social polarization. The article concludes that the relationship between Islamic politics and democracy in Indonesia is dynamic and largely adaptive within the framework of the Pancasila state.

This article examines the complex interactions between the military and civil society in regions affected by conflict, approached from a sociological-legal perspective. The study seeks to understand how military power influences civil society, the ways in which legal and social legitimacy are established, and how local communities respond to military presence and control. Employing a qualitative case-study methodology, the research utilized in-depth interviews with community members and military personnel, extensive field observations, and detailed analysis of relevant legal documents. The findings reveal that military power structures significantly impact civil rights, security, and social dynamics, with interactions ranging from cooperative engagement to open conflict. Furthermore, the legitimacy of military actions is closely linked to factors such as operational performance, transparency, accountability, and social acceptance by local populations. Based on these insights, the article argues for the importance of improving communication channels between military forces and communities, integrating formal legal frameworks with local norms and practices, and actively involving community members in security and governance programs. These measures are proposed as strategies to enhance the legitimacy of military operations, reduce conflict, and promote long-term social stability. The study contributes to the broader understanding of civil-military relations by highlighting the sociological and legal dimensions of military influence in conflict-affected areas.

The development of digital technology, particularly social media, has brought significant changes to human social interaction patterns. Although the ease of digital communication offers various advantages, in reality, it does not always reduce feelings of loneliness. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the intensity of social media use and loneliness levels among students in the digital era. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach with a correlational design, involving 120 active students as the sample. To measure the variable of social media use intensity, the Social Media Intensity Scale was used, while loneliness levels were measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. The data analysis results showed a significant positive relationship between the intensity of social media use and loneliness levels among students. This means that the higher the intensity of students' social media use, the higher the loneliness they feel. These findings provide important insight that, despite social media facilitating easier interactions, excessive use does not always positively affect the quality of social relationships. On the contrary, high social media use intensity can be associated with greater feelings of loneliness, indicating the need for a deeper understanding of the impact of social media use on individuals' emotional well-being.

The rapid development of e-commerce has significantly increased the participation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the digital economy, particularly through the use of pre-order transaction schemes. Although Indonesia has established a relatively comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection and electronic transactions, pre-order transactions involving MSME products remain highly vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal regulation and implementation of consumer protection in pre-order transactions conducted through e-commerce platforms, to identify legal, institutional, and social factors contributing to consumer vulnerability, and to examine the role of the state and e-commerce platform providers in strengthening consumer protection as a public policy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive-analytical character, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings reveal that existing consumer protection mechanisms remain partial and predominantly reactive, as they do not specifically accommodate the inherent risks of pre-order transactions nor are they supported by preventive supervision and enforcement mechanisms. Consumer vulnerability arises from the interaction between regulatory gaps, institutional limitations, and social conditions such as information asymmetry and low legal and digital literacy. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the necessity of a synergistic role between the state and e-commerce platforms in developing and implementing consumer protection policies oriented toward substantive justice and fraud prevention in the digital economy.

This study aims to explore Generation Z's adaptation to traditional values, particularly the Balinese language sor singgih in Catur Wangsa, amid social changes driven by globalization and technological advancements, from the perspective of interpersonal communication. The phenomenological approach in qualitative research is the research method used, with three data collection techniques: participant observation, unstructured interviews, and documentation. This study also uses source and technique triangulation as a data validity technique. The research informants are members of Generation Z from the five castes in Bali: Brahmana, Ksatria, Weisya, and Sudra. Research conducted across eight districts and cities in Bali indicates that Generation Z is beginning to shift its interpersonal communication patterns. Although they still uphold traditional values of politeness and social norms, Generation Z emphasizes equality and openness in their daily interactions. The generation Z that continues to use the Balinese language is segmented by social context, emotional closeness, and communication situations, rather than solely by caste differences. Furthermore, this study's findings show that the caste system is seen more as a cultural identity than a social boundary. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of preserving the values of Balinese local wisdom in the form of adaptive, egalitarian communication that is relevant to the development of the younger generation in the digital age.

This study examines Banten Lama as a political symbol that shapes regional identity in Banten Province. As the former center of the Banten Sultanate from the 16th to the 18th century, the site holds not only historical and religious significance but also functions as a symbolic space influencing political legitimacy and the construction of collective identity in contemporary Banten society. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, this research analyzes how local government, political elites, and communities negotiate the symbolic meanings of Banten Lama through ritual practices, public discourse, and revitalization policies. Data were collected through literature review, non-participatory observation, visual documentation, and examination of policy documents. The findings reveal that Banten Lama operates as a symbolic arena that intertwines historical narratives, Islamic spirituality, and political interests. The government employs symbols of the former sultanate to construct moral legitimacy and a religious political image, while local communities interpret Banten Lama as a spiritual space and a source of economic livelihood. Although the use of historical symbols strengthens regional identity, it also gives rise to symbolic politics that often dominate public space without being accompanied by substantive policy outcomes. This study concludes that the governance of Banten Lama requires participatory and culturally grounded approaches to ensure the sustainable preservation of its historical and social values.

This study delves into the philosophical foundations of natural law, contrasting the irrational theories of Thomas Aquinas with the rational perspectives of Hugo Grotius and Immanuel Kant, examining their relevance within Indonesia’s deeply religious and pluralistic context. Aquinas argues that natural law is divinely ordained and serves as a universal moral guide, where law and morality are intrinsically linked. On the other hand, Grotius proposes that while natural law originates from divine will, human reason enables individuals to comprehend it, even without divine revelation. Kant’s philosophy shifts the focus to moral autonomy and the freedom of individuals, emphasizing that legitimate law must be based on principles of universal morality that respect human dignity. In the context of Indonesia, with its diverse religious landscape, integrating these philosophical ideas provides a balanced approach to the interaction between secular law, religious teachings, and moral values. The research adopts a juridical-normative methodology with a conceptual and legislative approach, analyzing secondary legal sources to explore how natural law influences Indonesia's legal system. The findings indicate that while Indonesia's legal system primarily follows positive law, it would benefit from incorporating the moral and spiritual aspects derived from natural law theory. The study concludes that Indonesia’s legal system can achieve a more substantive form of justice by integrating the principles of Aquinas, Grotius, and Kant, thus ensuring a more harmonious blend of legal certainty, moral integrity, and religious principles in the country’s laws.  

This study aims to examine the application of heart-centered communication based on Nonviolent Communication (NVC) Theory in interactions between employees and guests at the Masainn Hotel, Kuta, Bali. NVC, developed by Marshall Rosenberg, stresses empathetic engagement built on four core components: observation, feelings, needs, and requests. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with guests and direct field observations of daily service interactions. The findings indicate that employees consistently apply empathy-driven communication by offering warm greetings, attentive service, and genuine emotional presence. These behaviors help create a family-like environment that makes guests feel comfortable and emotionally connected to the hotel. Notably, one guest reported returning to the hotel for three consecutive years, having been introduced by a friend who has been a loyal customer for nine years. This demonstrates that NVC-based communication contributes significantly to guest satisfaction, trust, and long-term loyalty. Furthermore, the study highlights the strategic role of emotional intelligence and compassionate communication in shaping service quality within the hospitality industry. By integrating NVC principles into daily service practices, hotels can foster stronger interpersonal relationships, enhance guest experiences, and build sustainable customer retention.

This study explores the implementation of interpersonal communication between tutors and students in speaking class activities at the Kind English Course by applying DeVito’s Interpersonal Communication Theory. Interpersonal communication plays a vital role in English language learning, especially in speaking classes where real-time interaction directly shapes students’ engagement and learning outcomes. Using a qualitative literature review method, this research examines how the five key components of interpersonal communication—openness, empathy, supportiveness, positiveness, and equality—are applied within instructional practices. The analysis reveals that tutors who demonstrate openness and empathy foster stronger emotional connections with students, which encourages them to speak more confidently. Supportive and positive communication behaviors further create a safe and motivating learning environment where students feel valued and understood. Additionally, the principle of equality helps reduce hierarchical barriers, enabling more collaborative and interactive learning dynamics. Overall, the findings indicate that the consistent application of interpersonal communication principles significantly enhances students’ participation, confidence, and speaking proficiency. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how communication quality influences language learning and underscores the importance of interpersonal competence among tutors in developing effective and engaging speaking class experiences.

This study aims to analyze the meaning of interfaith marriage in the film Komang using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory. This theory emphasizes the relationship between signifier and signified as well as the concepts of langue and parole to explain the interaction between social systems and individual expression. The results of the analysis show that the visual, verbal, and symbolic signs in the film represent the clash between love and belief. Scenes such as the initial meeting at a cultural festival, family rejection, and symbolic marriage become a form of negotiation between social values and personal freedom. This film affirms that interfaith marriage in Indonesia can only be accepted through compromise with the religious norms of the majority, but still presents a message of tolerance through symbols of cultural harmony. Therefore, the film Komang is not just a romantic narrative, but a social reflection on the relationship between religion, culture, and love in a pluralistic society.

The culture of patronage is a key characteristic of Indonesian political dynamics, having developed from the pre-colonial era to the contemporary democratic era. Despite decentralization and political reforms in Indonesia, patronage practices persist through relationships between political elites, bureaucracy, business actors, and communities, particularly at the local level. This study analyzes patronage using Pierre Bourdieu's Social Practice Theory framework, which emphasizes the interaction between habitus, capital, and the arena as factors shaping social practices. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques through desk studies, which allows researchers to examine various academic literature to build a comprehensive conceptual analysis. The research findings indicate that internalized political habitus, the accumulation of economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital, and a competitive local political field are key elements in perpetuating patronage. Patronage is not merely a transactional political practice, but a social structure that is continuously reproduced and impacts the politicization of bureaucracy, the strengthening of oligarchy, power inequality, and the vulnerability of the poor to political manipulation. This research confirms that efforts to strengthen democracy in Indonesia require transformation of the political habitus of society, bureaucratic reform, and restrictions on the dominance of economic actors in the political arena to break the entrenched patron-client chain.