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This study examines the dynamics of public criticism of Shin Tae-yong's dismissal by PSSI as a phenomenon of digital communication that shows the tension between freedom of expression and the legal limits of hate speech. The background of this research stems from the intensity of netizens' reactions, which developed into collective moral pressure and had the potential to enter the realm of insults and hostility, as reflected in various comments, news reports, and verbal disputes involving public figures. This study aims to analyze how criticism, media framing, and netizen responses interact with the regulations of the ITE Law, particularly Article 28 paragraph (2), which is often used in reporting hate speech. The methods used are a normative juridical approach and case studies with document analysis, news reports, and academic literature techniques to identify patterns of digital expression and their legal relevance. The results of the study show that public criticism of Shin Tae-yong not only reflects performance evaluation, but also contains emotional, social identity, and moral dimensions that are reinforced by media framing and digital culture. The discussion confirms that the shift from criticism to hate speech occurs when public expression is not managed ethically, while law enforcement on hate speech articles still faces interpretation problems. In conclusion, this verbal dispute reflects the complexity of Indonesia's digital democracy and the urgency of legal reform

The national priority program of 12 years of compulsory education is a strategic effort by the government to improve the quality and equity of education, particularly at the secondary education level. This program is supported by the School Operational Assistance (BOS) and the Indonesia Smart Program (PIP). The PIP funds are used to meet the educational needs of students, such as purchasing books, stationery, uniforms, and transportation costs. The goal of providing PIP is to reduce the financial burden of education, decrease school dropout rates, and increase access to quality education. This study examines the effectiveness of PIP in promoting educational equity in Indonesia and evaluates the alignment of government policies related to beneficiaries, implementation, and monitoring of PIP. The method used is a literature review for public policy evaluation in the field of education. The findings show that PIP has successfully increased educational participation, as reflected in the improvement of the School Participation Rate (APS), Gross Participation Rate (APK), and Net Participation Rate (APM). PIP also expands educational access for children from low-income families. However, its implementation faces challenges such as bureaucratic obstacles, misidentification of recipients, low parental administrative literacy, and delays in the distribution of assistance in 3T regions (frontline, outermost, and underdeveloped).

Social support is defined as an individual’s perception of the availability and presence of assistance derived from three primary sources, namely family, friends, and individuals considered significant others. This concept emphasizes the subjective evaluation of the quantity and quality of support perceived by individuals, rather than the actual support provided. This study aims to examine the construct validity of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) developed by Zimet et al. (1988), which has been adapted into the Indonesian language. The MSPSS instrument is designed to measure the extent to which individuals perceive social support received from family, friends, and significant others in their lives. Research participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, with inclusion criteria consisting of active university students aged between 18 and 27 years. A total of 279 students participated in this study. The research employed a quantitative approach, with data collected through an online questionnaire administered via Google Forms and distributed through various social media platforms. Data analysis was conducted using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the assistance of Jamovi software.

Environmental cleanliness is a critical factor in the effective management of nature-based tourist destinations, as it strongly shapes tourists’ perceptions of destination quality, comfort, and overall attractiveness, as well as their intention to visit and revisit. This study aims to examine the extent to which environmental cleanliness influences tourists’ visit intention in the Harau Valley tourism area (Lembah Harau), Kanagarian Tarantang, Harau District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The research employed a quantitative survey method by distributing structured questionnaires to 50 tourists during their visit to Lembah Harau. The variables measured include tourists’ perceptions of environmental cleanliness, such as waste management practices, sanitation conditions, and the availability of waste disposal facilities, as well as visit intention indicators, including intention to return and willingness to recommend the destination to others. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining a clean environment to enhance tourists’ positive behavioral intentions. The implications of these findings suggest that destination managers and local government authorities should consistently enforce cleanliness policies, strengthen integrated waste management systems, and provide adequate sanitation facilities to enhance the attractiveness of Lembah Harau and support sustainable tourism development, without neglecting the need for continuous monitoring, evaluation, and improvement in these areas.