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Bali, as an international tourism destination, serves as a space for cross-cultural interactions that require effective communication skills, particularly in the hospitality sector. Hotel Masa Inn serves predominantly international guests, requiring front office staff to adapt to cross-cultural communication. This study aims to analyze the process of cross-cultural communication adaptation between Hotel Masainn employees and international guests through the perspective of Willingness to Communicate (WTC). A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, structured interviews, and document analysis. Informants were selected purposively from front office staff. The findings indicate that communication adaptation is carried out through basic English proficiency, the use of nonverbal communication, active interaction, and intrinsic motivation to improve language skills. However, this process also faces challenges in the form of communication anxiety and situational pressure, particularly when dealing with repeater guests. Within the WTC framework, employees’ willingness to communicate is influenced by self-confidence, motivation, anxiety, and interactional context, which collectively contribute to service quality and international guest satisfaction.  

Efforts to protect children in conflict with the law constitute a concrete manifestation of the state’s responsibility in implementing the principles of restorative justice. This study aims to comprehensively examine the implementation process of diversion at the Pengadilan Negeri Bukittinggi and to assess the extent to which its application achieves the primary objective of the juvenile criminal justice system, namely restoring the child’s social condition without emphasizing retribution. This research employs an empirical juridical approach by combining literature review and field research through interviews with judges, court clerks, and other relevant parties. The findings indicate that the implementation of diversion at the Pengadilan Negeri Bukittinggi has been carried out in accordance with Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The diversion process is conducted through deliberation involving the offender, the victim, their respective families, and supporting institutions under the guidance of a diversion facilitator. However, several challenges remain, including limited public understanding of the importance of restorative-based settlement, insufficient human resources with adequate competence in implementing diversion, and frequent failures in reaching agreements between offenders and victims. This study concludes that diversion in court proceedings is not merely a legal obligation but also an essential instrument in creating a more humane child-oriented justice system. Therefore, enhancing the competence of law enforcement officers and strengthening inter-agency coordination are necessary to support the sustainable success of diversion.

This research discusses the role of the community in the formation of Regional Regulation (PERDA) Number 5 of 2021 in Takalar Regency from the perspective of siyasah dusturiyah. The aim of this research is to analyze: (1) the participation of fishermen in the formation of the PERDA, (2) the government's efforts in the protection and empowerment of fishermen, and (3) the dusturiyah perspective on the formation of the PERDA. The study uses a qualitative approach with field research methods, relying on interviews and observations as data collection techniques. Data processing is carried out through reduction and categorization, and its validity is tested through transferability, dependability, and credibility. The research findings show that fishermen have actively participated in activities organized by the local government. Protection and empowerment of fishermen are carried out in accordance with the mandate of PERDA No. 5 of 2021. The process of forming the PERDA is also in line with the principles of siyasah dusturiyah, such as alignment with the 1945 Constitution and national law, strengthening regional autonomy and decentralization, principles of welfare and social justice, as well as respect for human rights (HAM). Furthermore, it supports public participation, accountability, and the balance of economic development.

In article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 that in the process of termination of employment, employers and permanent workers must carry out their respective obligations, employers can carry out suspension actions and still pay wages and other rights, but in reality employers rarely apply article 157A. The purpose of the research is to analyze the Implementation, Obstacles and Efforts on Workers' Rights in Wage Payment During the Termination of Employment Process at Palm Oil Company in Siak Regency. This type of research is Sociological legal research. In this research, three approaches are used, namely the legislative approach and the data source case approach using primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used is primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The conclusion of this study is the legal protection of workers' rights during the termination of employment by the company through the settlement of industrial relations disputes in which there are various interpretations regarding the wage process. Article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 states that the responsibility of employers and workers remains valid until the industrial relations dispute settlement agency makes a decision. The implementation in the process of termination of employment is that workers are no longer allowed to work by the company but do not carry out suspension actions, but there are many companies that do not carry out things regulated by law. With the existence of multi-interpretation regulations on wages, the process provides uncertainty for workers, as well as in the interim decision submitted by the worker/plaintiff which is rejected by the judge which is clear that the worker can prove that the employer does not carry out his obligations as it should.

Symbolic interactionism is an approach that examines how symbols and meanings are created through interactions between individuals within a learning context. This approach explores how individuals use symbols to communicate, interact, and understand the world around them. In the context of the learning process, symbolic interactionist analysis can provide a deep understanding of how learning occurs through interactions between teachers and students, as well as among students themselves. Through this analysis, we can observe how symbols such as language, gestures, and expressions are used to communicate ideas and concepts being taught in the classroom. Additionally, symbolic interactionist analysis can also help us understand how individuals construct their identities within the learning environment. In the modern era of education, the interaction between teachers and students has become one of the crucial aspects of the learning process. Through social interaction and the use of symbols, individuals can shape their perceptions of themselves and how they are viewed by others. This can affect their motivation and engagement in learning. Thus, symbolic interactionist analysis offers valuable insights into understanding the learning process and how interactions between individuals play a key role in the construction of meaning and understanding. Through this understanding, we can improve the quality of learning and provide more meaningful learning experiences for students. Communication does not only occur through words but also through nonverbal communication, including facial expressions, body movements, and other gestures. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how symbolic interactionism plays a role in learning and how nonverbal communication influences the dynamics of classroom interaction.

Notarial deeds as authentic instruments hold a crucial role in Indonesia’s civil law evidence system, providing perfect proof under Article 1868 of the Civil Code. However, in practice, such deeds are often denied by one party in court, raising debates about the certainty of their evidentiary power. This study examines the legal consequences of denying a notarial deed for the parties in litigation and the assurance of legal certainty for those holding such deeds. Using R. Soeroso’s Theory of Legal Consequences and Jan Michael Otto’s Theory of Legal Certainty, this normative juridical research employs statutory, conceptual, analytical, and case approaches, with literature-based data collection and interpretative legal analysis. The findings reveal that denial of a notarial deed may create new legal relationships, alter good-faith relations into disputes, and result in sanctions imposed by court rulings. Meanwhile, legal certainty remains guaranteed, as authentic deed regulations are clear, binding, and enforceable, serving as a guideline in resolving disputes and upholding sanctions.  

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) play a crucial role in creating consistency, efficiency, and accountability in governance. However, the process of developing SOPs within the bureaucracy often faces complex organizational communication challenges. This study aims to analyze the organizational communication process in developing SOPs at the Serang City Regional Inspectorate, focusing on the role of the Secretariat as the administrative coordination center. The method used was a qualitative case study approach, involving in-depth interviews with key informants, observation, and documentation analysis. The results indicate that organizational communication plays a crucial role in every stage of SOP development, from data collection and drafting, to cross-sector coordination, and document finalization. The Secretariat acts as a liaison between units, archives manager, and coordination meeting facilitator. However, obstacles identified include a top-down vertical communication pattern, differing perceptions between units, delays in information flow due to bureaucracy, and limited technology-based communication tools. Improvements were made through the establishment of cross-unit forums, communication training, and the use of online applications to strengthen two-way communication. The implications of this research indicate that increasing the effectiveness of organizational communication is a key factor in accelerating the process of preparing SOPs and supporting the creation of more responsive, efficient, and accountable governance.

This study aims to examine the obstacles and role of the Village Government in the mediation process of family inheritance disputes in Sitampa Simatoras Village, Batang Angkola District, South Tapanuli Regency. Land inheritance disputes often cause internal family conflicts that disturb public peace. This study uses a normative and qualitative approach with primary data through interviews and secondary data from literature and laws and regulations. The results of the study show that the Village Head has an important role as a mediator in resolving disputes, but faces various obstacles. The main obstacles include the emotional attitude of the parties to the dispute, the lack of written evidence and witnesses, the low legal knowledge of the village government, and the lack of standard guidelines on mediation mechanisms at the village level. Even so, the Village Head still tries to carry out his role by bringing together the parties and involving traditional leaders to reach a peace agreement. If mediation fails, then the Village Head suggests a settlement through legal channels. This research emphasizes the importance of strengthening the legal capacity of village governments and the need for clearer regulations regarding the implementation of mediation at the village level as a preventive effort to resolve family-based agrarian conflicts.

This study aims to describe the role of counseling in the process of Islamic-based drug rehabilitation at the Khalid Bin Walid Islamic Syar'i Narcotics Rehabilitation Institute, Medan. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation which were then analyzed thematically. The results of the study indicate that individual counseling is the main core in helping participants understand the root of the problem of addiction, build motivation, and design strategies for a healthy, drug-free life. Group therapy complements the rehabilitation process by strengthening solidarity and social skills among participants. In addition, spiritual guidance based on Islamic values plays an important role in strengthening inner peace and commitment to change. However, the rehabilitation process faces significant challenges such as emotional instability of participants, minimal family support, and limited facilities and professional staff. To overcome this, the institution collaborates with various related institutions to support the legal, social, and medical aspects of rehabilitation. This study concludes that drug rehabilitation that integrates an Islamic-based bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach can be an effective model in the recovery of addicts, with the support of synergy between institutions and a conducive social environment.

The scope of pretrial authority is regulated under Article 77 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), with an extension of authority introduced through the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014. The evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings is governed by Article 2 paragraphs (2) and (4) of the Supreme Court Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2016 concerning the Prohibition of Judicial Review of Pretrial Decisions. However, in practice, petitions for pretrial often address matters beyond this prescribed authority. Moreover, there remains a disparity in judicial reasoning across different judges, particularly with respect to the evaluation of evidence in the determination of a suspect.The legal issues examined in this study are: (1) whether the expansion of the pretrial authority’s scope has led to multiple interpretations among law enforcement officers, and (2) how the evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings aligns with the principle of legal certainty. This thesis employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings of this thesis reveal that the expansion of pretrial authority has indeed created multiple interpretations among law enforcement officials, owing to inconsistencies in pretrial decisions that result from judicial discretion. Furthermore, the evidentiary process in pretrial proceedings ought to be limited to the formal aspects of investigative or prosecutorial actions. Nevertheless, certain pretrial rulings have considered the substance and quality of evidence, and even assessed the conduct of the suspect. Such practices undermine legal certainty for justice seekers. Therefore, the Supreme Court should issue more concrete regulations concerning the scope of pretrial and the evidentiary standards applicable in pretrial proceedings.

This study aims to analyze legal certainty in the post-acquisition integration process and its impact on the protection of shareholders' rights based on the Limited Liability Company Law (UUPT) and the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK). Using a normative legal approach and case studies, this study finds that the absence of specific regulations, weak supervisory mechanisms, and the lack of synchronization of corporate culture are the main factors causing integration failure and potential losses for shareholders, especially minority shareholders. To realize a fair and sustainable integration process, it is necessary to strengthen internal governance based on the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), risk-based supervision, and external regulatory reforms that are more responsive to business dynamics. This study recommends the active involvement of authorities in regulating post-acquisition integration and the implementation of transparent and accountable evaluation mechanisms to protect the interests of all stakeholders. These findings contribute to the formulation of a fair and adaptive integration model in the Indonesian legal and economic environment.  

Public policy is essentially and what is based on authority and power, because public policy is made by a group of people who have legitimate power in a government system. Very often a public policy that is implemented does not side with the people, and only benefits one party. Therefore, public policies provided by the government must have the value of siding with the people so that their implementation is intended to resolve every problem. The purpose of this writing is to discuss conceptual analysis of theories and the process of implementing public policy. The results of the discussion show that public policy is a very important factor in achieving maximum government administration.

This article discusses the role of directors in the dissolution of a Limited Liability Company and the legal remedies taken by shareholders to protect their rights in the dissolution of a Limited Liability Company. The business activities of a Limited Liability Company do not always run in accordance with the objectives, sometimes the Company will face obstacles that cause the dissolution of the Limited Liability Company. With the dissolution of the Company, in this case the shareholders should get a legal protection both preventive and repressive. This research uses normative legal research with a statutory approach and a case approach through a decision study. The legal sources used are primary and secondary legal sources. Based on the results of the research, the Board of Directors of a Limited Liability Company in the process of dissolving the Company can act as a liquidator. Limited Liability Companies undergoing dissolution must pay attention to the rights and legal protection of shareholders.

Kematian orangtua akibat COVID-19 dapat menimbulkan rasa kehilangan yang mendalam sehingga menyebabkan remaja yang ditinggalkan harus melalui proses grief hingga mampu mencapai penerimaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami gambaran grief dan proses grief serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi grief pada remaja perempuan pasca kematian orangtua akibat COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan teknik analisis theory driven. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3 (tiga) remaja perempuan berusia 18-20 tahun dan telah kehilangan orangtua akibat COVID-19 yang terjadi 1-2 tahun yang lalu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran grief responden terdiri atas berbagai gejala grief yang menyangkut aspek fisik, sosial, spiritual dan  psikologis. Proses grief melalui 5 tahap yaitu denial, anger, bargaining, depression dan acceptance, tetapi proses yang dialami responden tidak terjadi secara berurutan dan bersifat dinamis menuju penerimaan. Hal tersebut terjadi karena terdapat faktor pendukung antara lain kemampuan menguatkan diri, memiliki cita-cita dan harapan yang kuat, dukungan dari keluarga dan teman serta faktor penghambat antara lain hubungan emosional dengan orangtua yang meninggal, grief yang tidak terantisipasi, lapisan kehilangan, tidak menyaksikan orangtua meninggal hingga dimakamkan, isolasi mandiri setelah kehilangan dan stigma sosial yang negatif. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu menambah khazanah kajian ilmu psikologi khususnya psikologi klinis, psikologi perkembangan dan secara lebih spesifik mengenai grief pada remaja pasca kematian orangtua akibat COVID-19.

Seorang mahasiswa yang mempunyai kewajiban utama yakni dengan tugas perkulihanya, namun di sisi lain mahasiswa juga diharapkan untuk memperbanyak pengalamanya di luar lingkup perkuliahan. Keseimbangan antara keilmuan dan pengalaman menjadikan sebuah tolak ukur perbedaan antara mahasiswa dengan siswa sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pilihan rasional para mahasiswa IAIN Ponorogo dan Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo yang memutuskan untuk membagi waktunya dengan menjadi musyrifah tahfidz di Pondok Pesantren Azmania Putri serta pengaruhnya terhadap identitas sosialnya. Penelitian ini meliputi analisis terhadap faktor-faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan para mahasiswa IAIN Ponorogo dan Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo dalam memilih menjadi musyrifah tahfidz di Azmania, kemudian nilai apa yang diperoleh terhadap identitas sosial mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pemilihan informan melalui purposive sampling. Proses pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dimulai dengan wawancara terhadap sejumlah responden yang bersangkutan, kemudian mengobservasi keseharian responden. Analisis data yang telah didapkan selanjutnya dikumpukan, direduksi, kemudian disajikan. Para mahasiswa IAIN Ponorogo dan Universitas Muhammdiyah Ponorogo ingin membuktikan tanggung jawab sebagai mahasiswa tidak terbatas pada perkuliahan semata, akan tetapi mahasiswa juga memiliki tanggung jawab dalam memberikan kebermanfaat melalui keilmuan yang dikuasai khususnya tahfidz Al-Qur’an dengan mengabdi di Pondok Pesantren.

Manajemen sumber daya manusia menjadi hal yang penting untuk dimiliki oleh setiap organisasi maupun perusahaan dalam berbagai bidang Baik buruknya kualitas sumber daya manusia juga merupakan faktor penentu kualitas organisasi tersebut. . Dalam bidang pendidikan, manajemen sumber daya manusia perlu melaksanakan fungsinya dengan baik agar dapat menghadirkan para guru, karyawan serta tenaga kependidikan yang berkualitas. Kualitas sumber daya manusia yang ada dalam suatu sekolah juga akan menghasilkan output yang berkualitas sesuai dengan visi sekolah. Manajemen sumber daya manusia di SDI Abu Dzar, Jombang, Tangerang Selatan menjalankan fungsinya melalui indikator perencanaan, rekrutmen dan seleksi, peningkatan kompetensi pegawai, pengembangan karir, penilaian kinerja, dan kompensasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif. Adapun implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia di SDI Abu Dzar berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian, sudah terlaksana dengan baik yang ditandai dengan terlaksananya fungsi manajemen sumber daya manusia. seperti adanya perencanaan, pengembangan karir, peningkatan kompetensi yang baik dan dalam hal kompensasi yang sangat menyejahterakan pegawai. Walaupun dari segi rekrutmen belum sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diakibatkan oeh beberapa factor, salah satunya banyaknya jumlah peserta didik baru yang tidak dapat diprediksi setiap tahunnya namun sedikitnya jumlah pelamar saat pembukaan rekrutmen guru. Maka itu dalam proses rekrutmen, jika ada yang tidak sesuai ketentuan masih bisa diberi kesempatan. Manajemen sumber daya manusia menjadi hal yang penting untuk dimiliki oleh setiap organisasi maupun perusahaan dalam berbagai bidang Baik buruknya kualitas sumber daya manusia juga merupakan faktor penentu kualitas organisasi tersebut. . Dalam bidang pendidikan, manajemen sumber daya manusia perlu melaksanakan fungsinya dengan baik agar dapat menghadirkan para guru, karyawan serta tenaga kependidikan yang berkualitas. Kualitas sumber daya manusia yang ada dalam suatu sekolah juga akan menghasilkan output yang berkualitas sesuai dengan visi sekolah. Manajemen sumber daya manusia di SDI Abu Dzar, Jombang, Tangerang Selatan menjalankan fungsinya melalui indikator perencanaan, rekrutmen dan seleksi, peningkatan kompetensi pegawai, pengembangan karir, penilaian kinerja, dan kompensasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif. 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) proses pembentukan tim akreditasi sekolah, (2) pelaksanaan pengisian instrumen akreditasi dan bukti fisik, (3) faktor penghambat dan pendukung dalam persiapan akreditasi sekolah, (4) quality control dari proses pengisian instrumen akreditasi dan bukti fisik, (5) tindak lanjut persiapan akreditasi sekolah, dan (6) strategi keberhasilan dalam akreditasi sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan rancangan penelitian studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian di SD Islam As-salaf Tahfidzul Qur’an Serpong, Tangerang Selatan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini (1) proses pembentukan tim melalui penunjukan ketua tim oleh kepala sekolah, (2) pelaksanaan pengisian instrumen akreditasi dan bukti fisik melalui menghadiri sosialisasi, melakukan checklist instrumen akreditasi, persiapan data akreditasi dan pemenuhan bukti fisik, (3) faktor penghambat yaitu belum adanya tenaga dibidang administrasi sekolah, keterbatasanya waktu, bukti fisik berupa dokumen yang letak nya tidak beraturan dan terkadang tidak adanya bukti berupa foto, fasilitas yang kurang memadai berupa printer, sedangkan faktor pendukung yaitu bantuan dan motivasi kepala sekolah, kerja sama antar tim, dan bantuan stakeholders sekolah (4) quality control melalui pengecekan dan rapat evaluasi, (5) tindak lanjut persiapan dengan membiasakan kelengkapan perangkat sekolah, membuat program sekolah, dan (6) strategi keberhasilan dalam akreditasi sekolah terdapat strategi untuk mendapatkan nilai A dan strategi supaya cepat selesai.