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The right to privacy and the right to health are fundamental human rights that are closely interconnected. The protection of privacy for patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) constitutes a critical issue, given that HIV status is classified as highly sensitive health data and is particularly vulnerable to stigma and discrimination. In Indonesia, the legal framework governing the protection of HIV patients’ health data has been normatively strengthened through the Personal Data Protection Law and the Health Law; however, its implementation continues to face various challenges. This article aims to analyze the right to privacy of HIV patients and the obligations of the state in protecting sensitive health data, as well as to examine the limitations and exceptions to the disclosure of HIV-related data within the framework of law and human rights. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and human rights-based approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through juridical interpretation and prescriptive analysis. The findings indicate that HIV status is legally categorized as sensitive personal data that is entitled to a high level of legal protection. The state bears tripartite obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill the privacy rights of HIV patients. Nevertheless, a gap persists between legal norms and their implementation, particularly in the management of electronic medical records. The protection of HIV patients’ privacy rights requires strengthened legal implementation, regulatory harmonization, and the adoption of a human rights-based approach to ensure that data protection does not conflict with public health interests.

The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) Peer-to-Peer Lending (P2PL) in Indonesia has created both opportunities and challenges, particularly regarding debt collection practices by third parties (debt collectors). Such practices often result in violations of consumer rights, including intimidation, harassment, and breaches of privacy. To address these issues, the Financial Services Authority of Indonesia (OJK) issued Regulation No. 22 of 2023 on Consumer and Public Protection in the Financial Services Sector, which establishes legal standards for protecting fintech P2PL consumers. This study aims to analyze the regulation of debt collection by third parties under OJK Regulation No. 22/2023, assess the forms of legal protection for consumers, and identify the obligations of fintech P2PL providers in managing collection practices. The research applies a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that OJK Regulation No. 22/2023 provides consumer protection through preventive mechanisms (mandatory transparency, prohibition of intimidation, and regulation of third-party involvement) and repressive mechanisms (complaint handling and administrative sanctions). However, challenges remain in implementation, such as low consumer literacy, outsourced collection practices, and weak on-site supervision. Therefore, stronger regulation, tighter controls by providers, and collaboration among regulators, law enforcement, and fintech associations are required to ensure optimal consumer protection.

The development of digital technology has had a significant impact on people's lives, including the protection of citizens' privacy rights. One key issue that has emerged is the management and protection of personal data, which is increasingly vulnerable to misuse. This study aims to examine and compare the personal data protection provisions stipulated in the 2024 Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). The research method used is a normative approach with comparative study techniques. The study focuses on the legal substance, scope of data protection, and institutional roles in implementing both regulations. The analysis shows that the ITE Law remains general in nature, lacking specific detailed regulations governing personal data protection mechanisms. Meanwhile, the PDP Law presents a more systematic and comprehensive specific regulation, referencing international principles such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union. However, several implementation challenges exist, including overlapping authority between institutions, inconsistencies in legal norms, and limited adequate legal infrastructure. This situation has the potential to create regulatory dualism and complicate the law enforcement process. Therefore, steps are needed to harmonize the ITE Law and the PDP Law, strengthen the capacity of institutions responsible for data protection, and increase the digital literacy of the public so that citizens' digital rights can be optimally protected in the digital era.

This research examines the implementation of the principle of openness in the examination of cases in civil court proceedings in Indonesia, focusing on two main issues: (1) how the principle of openness is regulated and applied in civil court practices, and (2) what key obstacles hinder the implementation of this openness. The purpose of the study is to provide an in-depth overview of the mechanisms for implementing the principle of openness in the civil judicial process and to identify inhibiting factors that need to be addressed promptly in order to make the judicial system more transparent and accountable. This study employs a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data were obtained through literature review, including legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions, and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that the principle of openness is well accommodated normatively within Indonesia’s civil judicial system; however, its implementation still faces significant challenges, such as limited supporting facilities, inadequate dissemination among judicial officers, and the tension between protecting the privacy of parties and ensuring public access to information. To address these issues, improvements in technological infrastructure, human resource training, and internal policy revisions are essential steps to optimize the principle of openness in civil court proceedings.

This research discusses public information in the Pademangan Sector Police. Public information is an important part of public administration. Public information is all information that is publicly available and can be accessed by the public freely. This information may include government data, public reports, legal documents, or other relevant content. The importance of public information in society is to encourage transparency, accountability and citizen participation in the democratization process. However, effective management and access to public information also raises issues related to privacy, security and ethics. The use of public information is also to provide open and transparent access to information produced or managed by the government or public institutions to the general public. This aims to enable the public to understand, monitor and participate in government and decision-making processes. Public information enables the public to have sufficient knowledge to evaluate government performance, understand public policy, and play an active role in community development and maintaining government accountability. Therefore, it is important for the government and other agencies, including the police, that provide public information to consider the interests of the community and maintain the basic principles of fair and just public information.

The development of digital technology has had a significant impact on the use of demand deposits in the trading business. This discussion aims to analyze the effect of the application of digital technology on the use of demand deposits in the retail industry. Several retail companies are still facing challenges related to technological infrastructure and the availability of reliable internet access. In order to optimize the use of demand deposits in the trading business with the adoption of digital technology, retail companies need to involve employees in training and developing technology skills. Attention to data protection and customer privacy is also required and the development of strategies to promote consumer acceptance of digital payment methods.