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Bali, as an international tourism destination, serves as a space for cross-cultural interactions that require effective communication skills, particularly in the hospitality sector. Hotel Masa Inn serves predominantly international guests, requiring front office staff to adapt to cross-cultural communication. This study aims to analyze the process of cross-cultural communication adaptation between Hotel Masainn employees and international guests through the perspective of Willingness to Communicate (WTC). A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, structured interviews, and document analysis. Informants were selected purposively from front office staff. The findings indicate that communication adaptation is carried out through basic English proficiency, the use of nonverbal communication, active interaction, and intrinsic motivation to improve language skills. However, this process also faces challenges in the form of communication anxiety and situational pressure, particularly when dealing with repeater guests. Within the WTC framework, employees’ willingness to communicate is influenced by self-confidence, motivation, anxiety, and interactional context, which collectively contribute to service quality and international guest satisfaction.  

This study aims to examine the judge's considerations in rendering decisions in aggravated theft cases at the Medan District Court, with an emphasis on the balance between legal and non-legal aspects in realizing substantive justice. The issue of disparate sentencing that frequently arises is the main background of this study. The methods used are an integrated normative legal approach and an empirical legal approach. The normative approach is used to examine the provisions of Article 363 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the legal principles that govern the judge's considerations, while the empirical approach is carried out through direct observation of the trial process and analysis of the judge's decision. The results of the study indicate that the judge in case Number 1110/Pid. B/2025/PN Medan not only complied with legal aspects such as fulfilling the elements of the crime, evidence, and the application of the principle of legality, but also considered non-legal aspects such as the socio-economic conditions, age, and motives of the defendant. These considerations demonstrate the application of the principles of criminal individualization and proportional justice. In addition, the judge also considered moral values ​​and social benefits in his decision, which is in line with Gustav Radbruch's theory of three basic legal values: justice, legal certainty, and utility. This study concludes that the thinking patterns of judges at the Medan District Court reflect a shift toward substantive and restorative justice paradigms. It is recommended that the Supreme Court strengthen integrated sentencing guidelines to avoid disparities in sentencing and encourage the adoption of a rehabilitative approach for offenders with low economic motivations.

Symbolic interactionism is an approach that examines how symbols and meanings are created through interactions between individuals within a learning context. This approach explores how individuals use symbols to communicate, interact, and understand the world around them. In the context of the learning process, symbolic interactionist analysis can provide a deep understanding of how learning occurs through interactions between teachers and students, as well as among students themselves. Through this analysis, we can observe how symbols such as language, gestures, and expressions are used to communicate ideas and concepts being taught in the classroom. Additionally, symbolic interactionist analysis can also help us understand how individuals construct their identities within the learning environment. In the modern era of education, the interaction between teachers and students has become one of the crucial aspects of the learning process. Through social interaction and the use of symbols, individuals can shape their perceptions of themselves and how they are viewed by others. This can affect their motivation and engagement in learning. Thus, symbolic interactionist analysis offers valuable insights into understanding the learning process and how interactions between individuals play a key role in the construction of meaning and understanding. Through this understanding, we can improve the quality of learning and provide more meaningful learning experiences for students. Communication does not only occur through words but also through nonverbal communication, including facial expressions, body movements, and other gestures. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how symbolic interactionism plays a role in learning and how nonverbal communication influences the dynamics of classroom interaction.

This study examines the concept of women's leadership from an Islamic and Catholic perspective and how religious values ​​influence the acceptance and legitimacy of women's leadership in the public sphere. Using a qualitative approach using a desk study method, this study analyzes religious texts, scientific literature, and case studies of the leadership of two Southeast Asian women: Megawati Soekarnoputri in Indonesia and Corazon Aquino in the Philippines. The results show that both Islam and Catholicism have complex histories and interpretations of women's roles in leadership. While conservative and patriarchal readings exist within both traditions, there is also interpretive space that allows women to emerge as leaders. The leadership of Megawati and Aquino demonstrates that women are capable of leading with distinctive styles rooted in values ​​of spirituality, morality, and service. Both demonstrate a non-confrontational yet effective leadership approach, which simultaneously opens up space for reinterpreting women's roles in religion and politics. Thus, women's leadership is not a deviation from religious teachings, but rather part of the socio-religious dynamic that demands inclusivity and equality.

Social media has evolved into more than just a means of communication; It now plays an important role in shaping the image of the institution, providing recognition, and increasing employee motivation and involvement, especially in public service institutions. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Instagram @dinkopukmperindagkotaserang accounts on employee self-actualization at UPT Pasar Kota Serang. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with survey techniques. The population and sample in this study amounted to 40 employees, which were taken using the total sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software version 26, including validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistics, and simple linear regression. The results of the study show that the use of Instagram accounts has a significant influence on employee self-actualization. The determination coefficient value of 0.471 shows that 47.1% of the self-actualization variable is influenced by the use of Instagram accounts. These findings indicate that the better the content management and the higher the employee's involvement with the account, the higher the level of self-actualization achieved in carrying out their role as public servants. This study recommends optimizing institutional social media strategies as part of efforts to improve the quality of human resources and the effectiveness of public services.

This study aims to identify and analyze the leadership style of the Cilampunghilir Village Head in implementing village governance. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants were selected purposively, including the village head, village secretary, village officials, hamlet heads, and relevant community leaders. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the village head's leadership style tends to be democratic and participatory. The village head emphasizes collective decision-making by prioritizing consensus through deliberation and encouraging citizen involvement in every step of governance. In decision-making, the village head strives to involve the wider community so that policy outcomes are well-received. In terms of motivation, the village head actively provides encouragement, rewards, and builds reciprocal cooperation with village officials and residents. He recognizes the importance of appreciation and trust in order to build a cooperative work environment. Furthermore, in communication, the village head is known for being open, accessible, and willing to listen to the aspirations of villagers. In terms of controlling subordinates, the village head provides clear direction, delegates tasks according to competence, and enforces discipline to ensure the smooth implementation of village programs. This indicates a leadership style that balances authority with empowerment. However, the study also identified several weaknesses, including a lack of representation of marginalized groups, low frequency of outreach activities, and unequal access to information. Therefore, it is recommended that deliberation forums be strengthened with a more inclusive approach, diversified outreach methods through the use of digital channels, and increased transparency be implemented to optimize village governance.

This study examines the primary motivations of authors in creating erotic slash fanfiction using Thai boys-in-love actors on the app X. Adopting a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, and interpreted through the lens of Symbolic Interactionism Theory and Labeling Theory, this study highlights how authors understand and interact with this phenomenon. The findings indicate that authors perceive their work as a form of self-expression, art, and entertainment, despite being aware of the potential for labeling as pornography or violating legal norms. Their primary motivation stems from the fulfillment of personal imagination and self-satisfaction, which is significantly strengthened by the validation and support of a supportive online community. This community also plays a crucial role in shaping unwritten norms and providing psychological buffers against potential external negative views. Authors demonstrate various strategic responses, including the use of disclaimers and a realistic acceptance of societal perceptions. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of a nuanced understanding of online subcultural practices, fostering digital literacy, and suggesting a wise and adaptive approach to content regulation in the digital age. This study also provides insights into how authors of erotic fanfiction on online platforms like X interact with popular cultural values and gender identity. The authors in this study are not only connected to their communities but also engaged in a broader process of identity construction through the characters they create. The Thai boy-love actor, a frequent inspiration in their work, serves as a symbol that reinforces the representation of non-heteronormative relationships, providing space for a more free and inclusive exploration of sexual identity.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the niqab (face veil) as a religious symbol and an identity marker for Muslim women, which continues to spark public debate in Indonesia. The niqab is often viewed from various perspectives—religious, cultural, social, and political—making it a controversial topic. These differing viewpoints highlight the need for a deeper exploration of the meaning and practice of wearing the niqab, especially within Islamic higher education institutions. The study aims to examine both the normative and sociological aspects of niqab use among female students at Ma’had Al-Birr, Muhammadiyah University (Unismuh) Makassar. This institution is known for having a significant number of students who wear the niqab, each with different backgrounds and motivations, ranging from theological beliefs to personal convictions and environmental influences. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a field-based approach. It combines normative Islamic theological perspectives with sociological analysis, using data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that students perceive the niqab not merely as a religious obligation to cover one's aurat (parts of the body that should be concealed), but also as a symbol of piety, honor, obedience, and personal ijtihad (independent reasoning) in practicing Islamic teachings. An inclusive campus environment supports these students in engaging freely in both academic and social activities. However, challenges still arise, particularly in the form of stereotypes and perceptions of exclusivity that some individuals associate with niqab wearers. These misconceptions underscore the importance of cross-perspective understanding in addressing this phenomenon. This study is expected to contribute to the development of campus policies that support freedom of expression, uphold mutual respect, and promote a more inclusive, open, and tolerant atmosphere within Islamic higher education institutions—one that embraces the diversity of religious practices and encourages respectful coexistence.

This study aims to analyze the level of Quality of Work Life (QWL) among operational employees at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional III, Kebun Sei Garo. The research sample consists of 90 operational employees from PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional III, Kebun Sei Giro, using a total sampling technique. The data collection method employed is a descriptive quantitative approach utilizing a QWL scale based on a four-point Likert scale. The research instrument comprises 84 items. The findings show that the average QWL score is 268.95 with a standard deviation of 41.85, and the data are normally distributed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov sig = 0.090). Generally, Afdeling II and IV exhibit the highest levels of QWL, particularly in aspects of compensation, working conditions, and job opportunities. In contrast, Afdeling III demonstrates a lower level of QWL, especially concerning social relevance and job opportunities. In conclusion, the QWL of operational employees at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional III, Kebun Sei Garo is at a high level; however, special attention and targeted interventions are needed for Afdeling III to enhance work quality and employee motivation.

This study explores the integration of salafiyah (traditional Islamic) and modern curricula at Darul Amien Islamic Boarding School in Gembolo, Banyuwangi, in response to the challenges of Islamic education in the modern era. The research aims to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation of curriculum integration in pesantren education management. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings reveal that the pesantren has successfully combined classical Islamic texts with formal school curricula into a unified system. The learning activities follow a structured level system, with regular evaluations conducted by school administrators. Challenges such as students' low motivation toward general subjects are addressed through personal mentoring and adaptive curriculum strategies. This integration improves the quality of graduates in both religious and societal competencies.

This study aims to describe the role of counseling in the process of Islamic-based drug rehabilitation at the Khalid Bin Walid Islamic Syar'i Narcotics Rehabilitation Institute, Medan. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation which were then analyzed thematically. The results of the study indicate that individual counseling is the main core in helping participants understand the root of the problem of addiction, build motivation, and design strategies for a healthy, drug-free life. Group therapy complements the rehabilitation process by strengthening solidarity and social skills among participants. In addition, spiritual guidance based on Islamic values plays an important role in strengthening inner peace and commitment to change. However, the rehabilitation process faces significant challenges such as emotional instability of participants, minimal family support, and limited facilities and professional staff. To overcome this, the institution collaborates with various related institutions to support the legal, social, and medical aspects of rehabilitation. This study concludes that drug rehabilitation that integrates an Islamic-based bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach can be an effective model in the recovery of addicts, with the support of synergy between institutions and a conducive social environment.

Reading ability is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in education, as it significantly contributes to students’ academic achievement and intellectual development. This study aims to analyze the reading skills of seventh-grade students at SMP IT Robbani Indralaya, focusing on both mechanical and comprehension aspects. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 19 student respondents. The questionnaire instrument was designed based on two main aspects: mechanical skills (letter recognition, linguistic elements, and slow reading speed) and comprehension skills (understanding text meaning, evaluating content, and flexible reading speed). The analysis results showed that the majority of students were in the “Good” category (63.16%), while the rest were in the “Fair” category (36.84%). There were no students in the “Very Good” or “Poor” categories. Internal factors such as motivation and reading interest, as well as external factors such as family support and school facilities, were found to influence students' reading skills. This study recommends the implementation of continuous and collaborative literacy development efforts involving students, teachers, schools, and families to improve reading skills comprehensively.    

This study aims to examine theoretically and empirically the role of transformational leadership style on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN), especially in the context of bureaucratic reform. Using a literature review approach, the discussion is focused on understanding the concept of transformational leadership, the performance dimensions of ASN, the theoretical relationship between the two, and its implications in efforts to improve the quality of public services and governance. The results of the study show that transformational leadership contributes positively to improving the performance of ASN through motivation, empowerment, and the creation of a shared vision. This leadership style also presents its own challenges in a hierarchical bureaucracy, but still offers effective strategies for building a transformative and professional organizational culture. This research provides a conceptual basis for efforts to strengthen leadership in the public sector as part of the ongoing bureaucratic reform agenda.

Motivation is the drive in life to achieve one of the motivations in one's life, namely work motivation. This study aims to analyze how much motivation traders have and analyze the influence of motivation on the performance of several traders in Surakarta City. The data collection method used in this study was with field interviews sourced from 7 traders in Surakarta City as a sample. The results of respondents' research were defined based on gender, age, length of business, turnover per day and motivation in trading. There is a picture of the motivation of traders in the high category. Based on the results of interviews, it can be seen that the 7 speakers consisted of 4 men and 3 women. On average, 7 interviewees have been trading for more than a year. Some traders settle in place, some go around. Various work motivations include meeting daily food needs, family needs, the desire to succeed, personal goals that want to be implemented immediately. So with some of these motivations, traders are enthusiastic about working their days.

HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease which is a sensitive health issue to be discussed. HIV/AIDS can also cause loss of the immune system in humans. Pekanbaru City is the area with the most cases of HIV/AIDS in Riau Province. The purpose of this study was to find out collaborative governance in preventing HIV/AIDS in Pekanbaru City and to identify the inhibiting factors in preventing HIV/AIDS in Pekanbaru City. This study uses Purwanti's theory in Aziz Arrasyid (2021) which uses 3 indicators, namely: principled engagement, shared motivation and capacity for joint action. This study uses qualitative research with a case study approach. The informants of this study, namely the Pekanbaru City AIDS Commission (KPA), the Pekanbaru City Health Office and other related institutions conducted interviews, observations and documentation so that the required data were obtained such as primary data and secondary data and then analyzed so that conclusions could be drawn from the existing problems. The results of this study can be said to be not optimal, because there are still inhibiting factors in its implementation, namely the low participation of the community, especially the suspect community who are reluctant to admit to avoid discrimination from the surrounding community and the limited infrastructure provided.

Describes the rational choices made by Tanjungpinang City students in deciding to get married. And this research discusses the factors for students in their decision to get married, the impact felt and the problems faced when deciding to get married. This research uses a qualitative type of research method with a phenomenological approach. The data sources in this study were obtained using data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The subjects of this study were students who decided to get marriedduring their final year. The results of this study are in the form of an analysis of the factors or background of each informants is based on several factors, namely external factors such as family, economy, environment and religion. And there are also internal factors such as desire and opportunity. There is alsi an impact felt bystudents on their decision to get married, namely the impact on social life, where problems arise that can affect the field of education being undertaken and the strategies used by students in dealing with obstacles in the process of completing their studies. The theory used in this research is the rational choice developed by James S Coleman. So that it can be seen that the decisions taken by students in their decision to get married are (1) there is motivation that grows from the social environment to get married young, (2) religion that influencces student decisions to get married, (3) the decision to get married because they get advice from their parents, (4) mutual love.

This study aims to determine how much influence training and work motivation partially or simultaneously on the performance of employees of PT Berlian Jasa Terminal Indonesia. The method that will be used is explanatory research and hypothesis testing. With the survey technique, the questionnaire was distributed with a Likert scale. The determination technique uses saturated sampling with 100 respondents mainly employees who work in the operational division. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis, namely: 1. Validity and Reliability Test, 2. Multiple Regression Analysis, 3. Coefficient of Determination Analysis (R2), 4. Hypothesis Testing with Partial Test (t test) and Simultaneous Test ( F test) The results of the test and analysis are as follows:1.  There is a positive and significant effect between training on employee performance, with an R Square of 0.489 or 48.9%. Hypothesis test p value 0.000 <0.05,2. There is a positive and significant effect between motivation on employee performance, with an R Square of 0.470 or 47.0%. Hypothesis test p value 0.000 <0.05.and 3. There is a positive and significant effect between training and motivation simultaneously on employee performance, with an R Square of 0.591 or 59,1%. Hypothesis test p value 0.000 <0.05.