Publication Search

Digital transformation has become an essential approach for MSMEs to improve their operational efficiency and market competitiveness. This research investigates the acceptance of electronic payment systems among MSMEs using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to MSME respondents and analyzed using the bootstrapping technique to evaluate the significance of variable relationships. The findings reveal that Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) has a significant impact on both Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Attitude Toward Using (ATU). Moreover, PU and ATU exert positive influences on Behavioral Intention (BI), with R² values of 0.65 for ATU and 0.71 for BI. These results suggest that the perceived ease of use and usefulness of electronic payment systems play a crucial role in shaping MSMEs’ attitudes and intentions toward adopting digital technologies. This study offers insights for formulating effective digital transformation strategies for MSMEs through the implementation of electronic payment systems.

This study explores the importance of protecting the Geographical Indication (GI) of Lamsi Tobacco from Temanggung to safeguard its authenticity and maintain product quality, in accordance with Law Number 20 of 2016 on Marks and Geographical Indications. Lamsi Tobacco is known for its distinctive taste, aroma, and quality, which are influenced by the geographical conditions of Temanggung as well as traditional cultivation practices passed down through generations. However, without legal protection, the authenticity and reputation of this product risk being diminished due to counterfeiting or unauthorized use of its name. The research method employed is normative juridical, which focuses on library research or secondary data by viewing law as a set of written norms enacted by authorized institutions. To strengthen the analysis, this study is also supported by a socio-legal approach that combines legal studies with social sciences so that law is understood not only as written norms but also as a practice that lives within society. The findings indicate that Lamsi Tobacco meets the criteria for Geographical Indication as stipulated in Law No. 20 of 2016 Protection through Geographical Indications not only plays a role in preserving the authenticity and quality of the product but also generates positive economic and social impacts for the community, particularly farmers. Nevertheless, several obstacles remain, such as low legal awareness, administrative difficulties, and the absence of a strong managing institution. Therefore, coordination between the central government, local government, farmer associations, and the community is necessary to realize effective legal protection. Through the registration and protection of Geographical Indications, Lamsi Tobacco is expected to maintain its reputation, increase competitiveness in the market, and make a tangible contribution to the welfare of the Temanggung community as well as the preservation of local culture.

This research is motivated by the importance of business licensing in the trade of goods and services sector as an instrument of legality, supervision, and legal protection; however, its implementation still faces gaps between normative regulations and practices in the field. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of business actors’ compliance with licensing obligations, identify obstacles in the implementation of risk-based licensing policies, and evaluate their impact on compliance. The method used is library research with a normative juridical approach, through an examination of primary legal materials in the form of laws and related regulations, as well as secondary and tertiary legal materials from scientific literature. The results show that the effectiveness of risk-based licensing policies has not been optimally achieved due to low legal literacy, limited digital understanding, and the perception that licenses are merely a formality, causing many business actors to neglect administrative obligations. This condition illustrates the existence of a gap between regulatory objectives and implementation practices. These findings emphasize the need for procedural simplification, intensified socialization, and strengthened technical assistance so that licensing policies become more responsive to the needs of business actors, while simultaneously encouraging compliance and enhancing national economic competitiveness.

Businesses build trademarks to promote products or services while maintaining their reputation and competitiveness. However, the practice of using well-known brands without the license owner's permission is still found. The case of counterfeiting the Arc'teryx brand by PT ATX Asia Sport Products demonstrates a violation of the exclusive rights of the brand owner. This study aims to analyze law enforcement against the circulation of counterfeit Arc'teryx products in Bali based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications and review the role of the TRIPs Agreement in protecting brands in Indonesia. The method used is normative with a literature review of laws, books, journals, and literature related to unauthorized trademark infringement. The results show that the use of the Arc'teryx brand without official permission confirms the weak supervision and law enforcement of foreign brands that have not been registered in Indonesia. Although the first-to-file system applies, Indonesia still provides legal protection for foreign brands through its membership in the Paris Convention and the TRIPs Agreement. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights (DJKI), the Commercial Court, and increase public legal awareness to prevent trademark infringement and create legal certainty for rights owners and consumers.

Free trade provides significant opportunities for developing countries to increase exports, expand market access, and drive economic growth. Through engagement in global markets, products and services can reach a wider range of consumers, creating the potential for increased national income. However, global economic integration also presents serious challenges, particularly in terms of the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). As national boundaries in economic activity become increasingly blurred, intellectual property—including patents, trademarks, industrial designs, copyrights, and trade secrets—becomes increasingly vulnerable to infringement. Common forms of infringement include piracy, counterfeiting of branded products, and theft of technology or innovation. These practices not only harm creators or rights owners but can also hinder the development of innovation, reduce industrial competitiveness, and undermine consumer confidence. Adequate IPR protection requires a combination of strong national regulations and an effective international legal framework. Instruments such as the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement under the WTO provide global standards to which compliance must be adhered, but implementation at the national level is crucial for their success. Weak or inconsistent law enforcement can open the door to violations that harm both domestic and foreign businesses. Beyond legal aspects, effective IPR protection also impacts the investment climate. Investors tend to invest in countries that can guarantee the security of their intellectual assets. Therefore, IPR protection is not only a legal issue but also a long-term economic development strategy. Therefore, in the era of free trade, developing countries need to balance market openness with strengthening IPR protection systems to create a conducive environment for innovation, sustainable economic growth, and public welfare.

Training and development of human resources (HR) is an important aspect in improving organizational capability. Organizational capacity is the power of an institution to achieve strategic goals through the proper utilization of available resources. This research aims to examine the extent to which HR training and development affect organizational capacity building. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach, studying various relevant previous studies. The results of the analysis show that HR training and development make a significant positive contribution to organizational capacity building in both the public and private sectors. The findings highlight the importance of continuous investment in training and development programs to improve organizational competitiveness and efficiency.  

The World Trade Organization (WTO) acts as the main institution in regulating the global trading system based on the principles of fairness and openness. However, in practice, protectionist challenges arising from large countries, such as in the trade conflict between the United States and China, hamper economic liberalization efforts and create instability in the global market. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the WTO's role in facing these protectionism challenges. The method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach, which includes analysis of WTO regulations and policies, as well as a comparative approach to examine the impact of protectionism in several countries. Data were obtained through literature study of academic sources and relevant international legal documents. The results show that policy harmonization between the WTO and its member countries is needed to maintain the stability of the multilateral trading system. In addition, reforms to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism are crucial to make it more adaptive to global geopolitical dynamics. Developing countries are advised to improve competitiveness through market diversification and strengthening economic diplomacy to remain relevant in the changing international trade architecture.

MoriGe is a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) located in Oebufu Village, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, which was established in 2020. This MSME has a main focus on the production of processed food and beverages made from Moringa and Sorghum, two local food commodities that are known to have high nutritional value and extraordinary health benefits and are still rarely found in the market but these plants thrive in the land of NTT. Through an Innovation-based approach, MoriGe continues to be committed to processing Moringa and Sorghum into Quality products that are not only delicious but also provide health benefits. MoriGe products made from Moringa and Sorghum are designed to meet the needs of the modern market for healthy food with local flavors. This commitment is in line with MoriGe’s goal to increase the competitiveness of local products in the global market while supporting the economic development of surrounding communities, especially local farmers, and also participating in programs to reduce stunting in NTT, so that MoriGe has more value as a brand in the eyes of a wide audience.