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Buying and selling is a legal relationship that has rights and obligations between the parties, including house buying and selling transactions through a House Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) and Sale and Purchase Deed (AJB) carried out in front of a notary. The study has a goal, namely to find out and analyze the validity of buying and selling transactions of houses in the perspective of the Civil Code. Juridical-normatic is used as a research method whose approach is in the form of laws and literature studies. The result of this study is a house sale and purchase agreement, namely a special agreement whose rules are contained in Article 1457 of the Civil Code. The validity of this sale and purchase refers to Article 1320 of the Civil Code concerning the legal terms of the agreement. Buying and selling houses is carried out through various stages, namely the preparation of PPJB, payment of seller and buyer taxes and the process of transferring the name in AJB before a notary. Legitimacy can occur if the making of this agreement is not because there is a forced withdrawal from any party,, does not violate the provisions of laws and regalutions, decency and the public interest.

Inquiry and investigation in the mechanism there is a difference between the two. Article 1 point 5 of the Criminal Procedure Code regulates investigations to determine whether an event that is suspected of being a crime is true before finally proceeding to the level of investigation. Where the investigation stage aims to determine the truth of a criminal act. After finding out who the perpetrators of the crime were, then in accordance with the constitution a court process will be carried out through an independent judicial power. Merdeka has the principle that judicial power must be free from any form of encouragement or interference from any outside party. It is different from the power to adjudicate in the post-New Order era where legal dualism occurred. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach (Statute Approach) regarding Law Number 14 of 1970 concerning Judicial Power in the New Order regime as well as a Case Approach (Case Approach) of legal dualism carried out by President Soeharto where presidential power is attached to legal authority. justice. The power of the president attached to the power of the judiciary will give birth to the independence or independence of the decisions of the judges because there is interference from the power of the president.

Bankruptcy occurs when a debtor is unable to pay his debts to creditors. Countries can also experience financial difficulties leading to bankruptcy. The purpose of the bankruptcy process in a limited company is to speed up the liquidation process and distribution of company assets to creditors. As a corporation that has characteristics like private law, a limited company separates its assets from the management of the company. However, if the limited company goes bankrupt and disbands, can the management of the company still be held accountable or not?

. Currently, the times are increasingly advanced, starting from technology, transportation, payments, placement of funds in securities is one of them. Placement of funds in securities is a bank that only acts as a liaison between customers who need funds and customers who have funds. Placement of these funds is only in securities that are not listed on the stock exchange, such as BI certificates. The purpose of this study is to examine the determination of a fund to become securities and also how is the legal relationship between depositors of funds and banks and what are the legal consequences of placing funds in securities as security for wealth. The conclusion of this study is that the role of securities in a bank is inseparable from the role of banks which have a strategic function in implementing national development. The development of the times is also a supporting factor for using securities for payment, deposit of funds, investments, and others. This strategic role is mainly due to the main function of the bank as a vehicle that can collect and distribute public funds effectively and efficiently and anticipate economic and banking developments. To anticipate economic and banking developments as mentioned above, it is necessary to have laws and regulations regarding securities in general that are more adequate as an umbrella that underlies these developments.    

This article discusses the role of directors in the dissolution of a Limited Liability Company and the legal remedies taken by shareholders to protect their rights in the dissolution of a Limited Liability Company. The business activities of a Limited Liability Company do not always run in accordance with the objectives, sometimes the Company will face obstacles that cause the dissolution of the Limited Liability Company. With the dissolution of the Company, in this case the shareholders should get a legal protection both preventive and repressive. This research uses normative legal research with a statutory approach and a case approach through a decision study. The legal sources used are primary and secondary legal sources. Based on the results of the research, the Board of Directors of a Limited Liability Company in the process of dissolving the Company can act as a liquidator. Limited Liability Companies undergoing dissolution must pay attention to the rights and legal protection of shareholders.

The development of digital technology has had a significant impact on the use of demand deposits in the trading business. This discussion aims to analyze the effect of the application of digital technology on the use of demand deposits in the retail industry. Several retail companies are still facing challenges related to technological infrastructure and the availability of reliable internet access. In order to optimize the use of demand deposits in the trading business with the adoption of digital technology, retail companies need to involve employees in training and developing technology skills. Attention to data protection and customer privacy is also required and the development of strategies to promote consumer acceptance of digital payment methods.    

Berdasarkan observasi penilaian kemampuan menulis teks negosiasi di SMAN 10 Medan masih tergolong pada kategori yang kurang, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis teks negosiasi dengan pembelajaran strategi pembelajaran direct writing activity di SMA Negeri 10 Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian one group pre test – post test design. Penelitian ini sesuai langkah pembelajaran direct writing activity yang membuat nilai siswa meningkat setelah menggunakan  strategi pembelajaran direct writing activity. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa terdapat 80% siswa memenuhi nilai diatas KKM.  

Counterfeiting of securities is a serious illegal act with the potential for significant legal consequences.  The author provides an in-depth review of the criminal law aspects associated with counterfeiting securities.  The aim of this research was to analyze and understand the legal framework governing counterfeiting of securities, including the criminal considerations and sanctions applied.  This study also explains the concept of counterfeiting securities and how this action violates applicable law.  In addition, this study also discusses the elements that must be present in an act of counterfeiting securities such as intentionality and the intention to make a profit.  Furthermore, this study also analyzes the penalties and sanctions that can be applied to perpetrators of counterfeiting securities.  In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of effective law enforcement in dealing with counterfeit securities.  Perpetrators of counterfeiting securities must be held responsible for the actions that have been taken and be faced with sanctions in accordance with applicable criminal law.

Violence or sexual harassment is a problem that is quite serious and often occurs socially. In this case, it usually occurs in a problem that is complex. The rise of news on social media related to sexual violence experienced by some people is enough to shock the public. Most cases of sexual violence are experienced by a woman who is the victim. Cases of violence or sexual harassment against women are still an iceberg phenomenon. This is because many women who are victims of sexual harassment are reluctant to report what they have experienced. Violence or sexual harassment that occurs to women is often blamed on the way they dress. In fact, if you look at clothes, it is not one of the main causes of women becoming victims of sexual harassment. Violence or sexual harassment that occurs never looks at any clothes, in fact often the victim of sexual harassment is a woman who wears closed clothes. In addition, violence or sexual harassment can also be caused by a patriarchal culture that dominates and seems to justify the action. Where in patriarchal culture itself men are often considered more dominant and have a higher position than women. Therefore, men feel they have more power over women and can act as they please. Until now, patriarchal culture is still developing in society. Even though this shouldn't have been done. Therefore, there is a need for radical feminism with the aim of making changes in society and obtaining equality between men and women, especially in obtaining equal rights in society from a social and economic point of view.

The research was conducted for the sole purpose of knowing the legality of establishing a foundation as a legal entity operating in the social, religious, and humanitarian fields, in this case the foundation was founded by foreigners. This research uses a method with normative research in addition to legislation is used as an approach, in addition to facts and conceptual analysis used as an approach in this research method. The results of the study indicate that the legali ty of the establishment of a foundation by foreigners in Indonesia has now been determined in Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations where foreigners in this context have more opportunities to set up a foundation. Regulations on foreign foundations are related to their establishment which are further emphasized in Government Regulation Number 63 of 2008 concerning the Implementation of the Law on Foundations as an implementing regulation that provides legal certainty to foreigners in establishing a foundation. as well as the nation, and the State of Indonesia.

Narcotics misuse and distribution have become so pervasive that everyone is now a victim. This study aims to "identify, clarify, and analyze the enforcement of laws against juvenile offenders of drug abuse in the Bandar Lampung area. It also examines the factors that contribute to juvenile offenders of drug abuse." With the normative juridical approach research was the methodology adopted for this analysis. Deductive reasoning techniques are employed in conjunction with normative legal research as the approach method for this article. The study's findings indicate that legal substances, legal institutions, legal environments, and legal cultures all have an impact on children's decisions to abuse drugs. The child's internal factors are the most significant ones. It has been successful to utilize law enforcement to stop those who abuse drugs on minors. It is the responsibility of parents to properly educate their children so that they are not susceptible to peer pressure to break the law.    

Deficit funding for the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is an important challenge for the government in maintaining fiscal stability and supporting development policies. In order to find an effective funding alternative, the issuance of state bonds has become an option. This study aims to analyze the position of issuing state bonds as an alternative to funding the state budget deficit. This study uses a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data from various related sources. The analysis was carried out through a literature review, data from the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, and regulations regarding the issuance of Government Bonds. The results of the study show that the issuance of state bonds has several benefits as an alternative to financing the state budget deficit, namely diversifying government funding sources, reducing dependence on tax revenues and other income, providing flexibility in the schedule of interest and principal payments, in accordance with the government's financial capacity, attracting investor participation. institutional and retail, increasing financial market liquidity. APBN Deficit Funding is dominated by State Bonds, which of course the issuance of state bonds as an instrument for funding the APBN deficit makes fiscal space narrow. When the space for fiscal movement becomes limited, it means that the government faces limitations in collecting revenue or in managing government spending.    

Illegal fishing still occurs in Indonesian waters, although various efforts have been made to deal with it. This illegal activity is not only a problem for Indonesia, but also a cross-country problem because the actors and activities are cross-country, and because of that, the handling of this problem must be carried out cross-country, especially through bilateral cooperation. This study aims to determine the Indonesian Government's Efforts to Handle Illegal Fishing on the Border of Indonesia and the Philippines. The lack of a defense and security system in Indonesian waters has led to the emergence of threats such as illegal exploitation and exploration of fishery products that are not reported and are not in accordance with predetermined rules carried out by foreign parties. This act of fishing activity is commonly referred to as Illegal. This research uses a descriptive-analytic research method.With data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research show that cooperation between Indonesia and the Philippines can run well if the Philippines itself is quick in responding to ideas and agreements that have been mutually agreed upon, the slow response from the Philippines itself makes the second agreement slow to process, therefore the strategy that can be carried out by Indonesia in encouraging a quick response from the Philippines itself is by discussing every collaboration that is ongoing or has expired intensively and continuously. Bilateral talks can accelerate cooperation between the two countries in a better and more advanced direction.    

This study examines the genealogical transformation of the Neosufi order in Indonesia, focusing on the shift from a private-ritual institution to an active and open social movement in the public space. Through a qualitative approach based on literature study and hermeneutic analysis, this paper highlights how the Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah Order (TQN) Suryalaya represents a new form of Sufism that combines spiritual depth with collective social action. This transformation is seen in various fields, ranging from drug rehabilitation, Islamic boarding school education, to spirituality-based economic empowerment. The order is no longer just a space for contemplation, but also plays a role in the process of social reconciliation, moral advocacy, and expansion into the public space through digital media. However, this dynamic also raises genealogical problems in the form of spiritual symbolization by the state, co-optation of power, and ambiguity in the interpretation of modernity. Indonesian Neosufism is a contextual response to spiritual and social crises, as well as a field of negotiation between the legacy of tradition, the demands of modernity, and the structure of state power. This study is a development of the author's dissertation and academic book manuscript that is being prepared for publication, thus presenting theoretical and practical contributions to the study of Sufism and social development.  

Children are national assets who have the right to grow and develop optimally. Living on the streets is very dangerous for children. The aim of the research is to determine the application of the principle of regional autonomy in developing social welfare for neglected children and the obstacles in overcoming the problems of abandoned children in Serang City. The research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. This research concludes that the Regional Government of Serang City, in implementing the principle of regional autonomy for the welfare of neglected children based on Law Number 23 of 2014, has the authority to make regional policies that have an impact on prosperity and general welfare in its region. The Serang City Government is responsible for providing social services to neglected children by providing children's rights and protecting them from the risks and threats of life on the streets. The obstacle to handling the problem of abandoned children is the mindset of abandoned children and families which are still oriented towards financial conditions as the main reference, thereby ignoring risks and other threats of danger. Problems with the level of education, habits of abandoned children and limited budgets provided also become obstacles to the implementation of handling abandoned children..

metropolis, and village improvement to gain stability and fairness in development. Allocation of Vilthe large price range is the right of the village as district/metropolis governments have the proper to reap trendy Allocation funds (DAU) and unique Allocation price range (DAK). The expected effects of the Village Fund Allocation are the advent beta the village budget to finance village government packages, both village operations, and village community empowerment to improve village authorities services, improvement, governance, and network empowerment. Goal to determine the effectiveness of the Village Fund Allocation policy in Marga Sungsang Village, Banyuasin II District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra visible from the context, input, manner, and product and evaluation of the extent of Village Fund Allocation in the control category technique: this is quantitative research with a cross-sectional method drawing near. Result: typical, this size has a big move-sectional scale, particularly: the overall context is 79.05 the general input is 76.10, the overall process is eighty one.45 and the overall product is seventy six.88. limitations: based on the researcher's direct theel in the research process, there are numerous barriers, along with the range of respondents is simplest 33 people, direction, twhichiswhichetheless not enough to describe the state of aff, airs and the item of studies which specializes in the effectiveness of the add program in terms of context, input, method, and product and level of control of Village Allocation within the class of Sungsang Marga Village, Bnayausin II District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. Contribution: For Sungsang Marga Village, Banyuasin II place, South Sumatra Banyuasin, to take advantage of extra village subsidies and increase similarly development of network development and empowerment. F, or the aTher this research to boom knowledge and expand peproperlyon andregardingal inregardinghe problem of coping with the allocation of village budget to solidarity improvement and empowerment. For the Alma mater, the outcomes of this lexpecteddexpectedato dd new references from the analysis of add management in improving network improvement and empowerment.

Cyberbullying merupakan tindakan agresif di media sosial untuk melecehkan, mempermalukan, dan mengejek orang lain. Penelitian ini berfokus pada motivasi remaja melakukan cyberbullying di media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Responden dalam penelitian ini merupakan tiga remaja perempuan pelaku cyberbullying. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat perilaku motivasi remaja melakukan cyberbullying di media sosial, motivasi tersebut dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu motivasi internal, yang berasal dari dalam diri dan motivasi eksternal, yang berasal dari luar. Adapun motivasi internal terbagi menjadi lima, yaitu: Sering melakukan bullying di dunia nyata sehingga di lakukan di media sosial, karena media sosial merupakan jalan yang paling mudah melakukan penindasan. 2. Adanya ketidakseimbangan kuasa, atau apa yang dilakukan pelaku cyberbullying dalam segi mental dan sosial merasa lebih kuat. 3. Merasa mempunyai segalanya sehingga apapun bisa dilakukan kepada korban. 4. Membuat mental korban hancur sehingga korban mempunyai keinginan untuk berhenti bersekolah bahkan pindah sekolah. 5. Identitas yang tidak di ketahui oleh korban memudahkan pelaku melakukan tindakan cyberbullying. Sedangkan motivasi ekstrinsik terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu: 1. Sifat dan karakteristik korban yang mengundang untuk di tindas. 2. Tertantang dari sebuah film sehingga ingin melakukan tindakan cyberbullying.

Kematian orangtua akibat COVID-19 dapat menimbulkan rasa kehilangan yang mendalam sehingga menyebabkan remaja yang ditinggalkan harus melalui proses grief hingga mampu mencapai penerimaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami gambaran grief dan proses grief serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi grief pada remaja perempuan pasca kematian orangtua akibat COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan teknik analisis theory driven. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3 (tiga) remaja perempuan berusia 18-20 tahun dan telah kehilangan orangtua akibat COVID-19 yang terjadi 1-2 tahun yang lalu. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran grief responden terdiri atas berbagai gejala grief yang menyangkut aspek fisik, sosial, spiritual dan  psikologis. Proses grief melalui 5 tahap yaitu denial, anger, bargaining, depression dan acceptance, tetapi proses yang dialami responden tidak terjadi secara berurutan dan bersifat dinamis menuju penerimaan. Hal tersebut terjadi karena terdapat faktor pendukung antara lain kemampuan menguatkan diri, memiliki cita-cita dan harapan yang kuat, dukungan dari keluarga dan teman serta faktor penghambat antara lain hubungan emosional dengan orangtua yang meninggal, grief yang tidak terantisipasi, lapisan kehilangan, tidak menyaksikan orangtua meninggal hingga dimakamkan, isolasi mandiri setelah kehilangan dan stigma sosial yang negatif. Implikasi penelitian ini yaitu menambah khazanah kajian ilmu psikologi khususnya psikologi klinis, psikologi perkembangan dan secara lebih spesifik mengenai grief pada remaja pasca kematian orangtua akibat COVID-19.

Adat pernikahan dalam budaya Melayu terkesan rumit  karena banyak tahapan yang harus dilalui. Kerumitan tersebut muncul karena pernikahan dalam pandangan Melayu harus mendapat restu dari kedua orang tua serta harus mendapat pengakuan yang resmi dari tetangga maupun masyarakat. Bukan sebatas pandangan rumit, namun ada juga kalangan berpendapat, ada melayu unik dan sangat menarik.Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang nilia-nilai tradisi pada upacara Tepuk Tepung Tawar perkawinan adat Melayu di Desa Labusel. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Labusel yang bersuku Melayu. sedangkan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah  orang dari kalangan masyarakat. hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menyarankan kepada masyarakat Melayu agar selalu mempertahankan tradisi Tepuk Tepung Tawar pada perkawinan adat Melayu karena nilai-nilai yang terdapat Tepuk Tepung Tawar merupakan salah satu tradisi yang terdapat di dalam adat perkawinan Melayu di Desa Labusel. Berdasarkan pada tradisi tepuk tepung tawar sangat banyak dan menjadi acuan dalam bermasyarakat dan juga berkeluarga. Penulis juga berharap penelitian ini dapat menjadikan motivasi bagi peneliti selanjutnya mengenai tradisi Tepuk Tepung Tawar yang lebih luas lagi.    

The background of this study shows that there are a large number of beggars on Muaro Lasak beach, Padang City, both from children and the elderly. However, not all of the children who begged on the shores of Muaro Lasak Beach ordered their parents and some of their friends to join them. It is caused by a lack of communication between parents and children. Even indirectly the parents themselves tell their children to beg in order to get income. The type of research that the writer uses is a qualitative approach, with the intention of the researcher to describe by means of in-depth interviews with the object of research. The results of this study indicate that the large number of beggar children in Tapi Pantai Muaro Lasak, Padang City is caused by several factors, both from cultural factors, strength, emotions and context, self-esteem and self-awareness factors. The cultural activity factor that they carry out is no longer taboo but has become a habit that continues to develop and become a culture. This power factor causes the occurrence of children begging by their parents because they are in control at the location on Muaro Lasak Beach and become a strategy for children. The emotional factor is that they beg because of their own will and have been prohibited by their parents, but it does not rule out that they will stop begging on Muaro Lasak beach. the context factor refers to the environment, in this factor the environment is also important because there are children who beg only to follow their friends. The environment has a great influence on people's behavior. One self-esteem factor seeks attention from others because a lack of attention from parents can cause a child to seek attention from other people. The self-awareness factor of a beggar child who helps his parents' economy and the results they get will be given to his parents or grandmother. There are even barriers to interpersonal communication between parents and children that cause ineffective communication, namely process barriers, physical barriers, and emotional barriers.