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Mergers and acquisitions have served as a primary strategy for global banking consolidation over the past three decades, including in Indonesia, which is currently undergoing one of its most massive consolidation waves—one notable example being the emergence of Bank Syariah Indonesia. This article aims to provide a narrative review of the literature on the operational impacts of mergers on bank performance, with a particular focus on implications for the Indonesian context. Based on a systematic search of the Scopus database, 52 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 were analyzed using a narrative thematic synthesis approach. Five main themes were identified: cost efficiency, service quality, risk management, human resource and cultural integration, and information systems and technology integration. The key findings indicate that although 73.1% of studies report post-merger improvements in cost efficiency, these benefits are highly contingent upon the quality of post-merger integration especially in the areas of human resources, organizational culture, and information technology with IT integration failure rates reaching as high as 75%. Domestic mergers consistently achieve efficiency gains more rapidly than cross-border mergers, whereas risk implications depend heavily on the type of merger and the quality of integration. Policy implications include the need for the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) to monitor post-merger integration quality, provide integration guidelines for smaller banks, take into account the specific characteristics of Islamic banks, and ensure a streamlined, non-burdensome licensing process. Further research particularly empirical studies on banking mergers in Indonesia—is urgently needed to test the generalizability of global findings to the local context.

Teamwork is a fundamental factor in social, organizational, and educational life, because in essence humans are social creatures that require the interaction and involvement of other individuals to meet their needs and achieve life goals. In the context of work, teamwork can be defined as the result of coordinated individual efforts that are able to produce higher performance than if work is done individually, or as a group of individuals working collectively to achieve common goals that are easier to achieve through collaboration. The implementation of teamwork plays an important role in accelerating job completion, improving individual and organizational performance, and being able to prevent overlapping tasks through good synchronization. Through intensive interaction, teamwork can have a positive impact on the overall performance of the group and also improve individual abilities through the process of knowledge and experience transfer between employees. The dimension of teamwork includes active member contributions, interaction and communication, consistency in maintaining focus on goals, quality of work results, and relevance of team members' knowledge and skills. Therefore, the effectiveness of teamwork is seen as the most important competitive advantage in an organization, making it a major factor that influences the increase in work productivity.

This study aims to analyze the influence of price and product quality on purchasing decisions for personal care products manufactured by PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk. The topic was chosen in response to increasingly intense competition in the cosmetics industry, along with a decline in sales performance of several Mandom products, which highlights the need for the company to better understand key factors affecting consumer purchasing behavior. The research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents who use Mandom products, selected through purposive sampling. Prior to analysis, the research instruments were tested for validity and reliability to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. The data were then analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results indicate that price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions and is the most dominant influencing factor. This finding suggests that consumers place strong emphasis on the suitability between price and perceived benefits when making purchasing decisions. Product quality also shows a positive and significant influence, although its effect is relatively smaller compared to price. Simultaneously, price and product quality explain a portion of the variation in purchasing decisions, while other factors outside the study also contribute. Based on these findings, PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk is advised to prioritize competitive pricing strategies while consistently maintaining product quality to enhance purchase intentions and strengthen consumer loyalty.

This study aims to explain and test the hypotheses regarding the effect of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio on Earnings Quality. A quantitative approach with an associative method was employed to examine the influence of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio on Earnings Quality at PT BFI Finance Indonesia Tbk during the 2016–2023 period. The data analyzed are secondary data obtained from financial statements and earnings quality records listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with both partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. The partial analysis results indicate that Profit Growth has a negative and significant effect, Capital Structure has a negative and insignificant effect, while Liquidity Ratio has a positive and insignificant effect on Earnings Quality. Simultaneously, the three variables were found to have a significant effect on Earnings Quality. The contribution of Profit Growth, Capital Structure, and Liquidity Ratio to Earnings Quality is 60.7%, while the remaining 39.3% is influenced by other variables not included in this study.

This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline, job satisfaction, and motivation on the performance of billman employees at PT. PLN Electricity Services ULP Kediri City. Employee performance plays a strategic role in ensuring the company’s service quality and operational sustainability, particularly in the field of billing services which directly impacts customer satisfaction and company revenue. The research employs a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression method to assess both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables. The population of this study consisted of all 33 billman employees of PT. PLN Electricity Services ULP Kediri City, and due to the small size, a saturated sampling technique was used so that the entire population served as respondents. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to all employees and then analyzed statistically. The findings indicate that, partially, work discipline has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance, suggesting that discipline alone does not guarantee productivity improvement. On the other hand, job satisfaction and motivation both have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, showing that intrinsic and psychological factors contribute more strongly to optimal work outcomes. Furthermore, when tested simultaneously, work discipline, job satisfaction, and motivation collectively exert a positive and significant influence on employee performance. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.786 indicates that 78.6% of variations in performance can be explained by the three variables, while the remaining 21.4% is influenced by other factors outside this research model. These findings emphasize the importance of fostering job satisfaction and motivation through supportive management policies to enhance employee contributions and organizational effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze the role of organizational culture in optimizing employee performance in Lebak Bulus Village, South Jakarta. A strong organizational culture is considered to have a significant contribution in improving the effectiveness of government officials and the quality of public services to the community. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological method, which emphasizes an in-depth understanding of the experiences, views, and behaviors of employees in carrying out their duties in their work environment. The research focuses on actors (employees), social situations, and activities that occur within the village environment. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with key and primary informants, and documentation. Data validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques to increase the validity of the research results. The results show that the organizational culture in Lebak Bulus Village has strengths in the aspects of innovation and risk-taking, orientation towards results, orientation towards people, and stability. However, several weaknesses were still found, such as low individual initiative, lack of attention to detail, weak team orientation, minimal levels of aggressiveness, and limited employee experience and accuracy. Opportunities for improvement can be pursued through ongoing training and the digitalization of public services, although challenges remain, including a passive work culture and resistance to policy change. Overall, organizational culture plays a crucial role in supporting employee performance improvement, but a sustainable strategy is needed to strengthen professionalism and build a more adaptive and progressive work culture. Efforts to address identified weaknesses, such as improving communication between employees, developing leadership skills, and enhancing discipline in carrying out tasks, are essential for the continued development of a positive organizational culture. Furthermore, awareness of the importance of collaboration across organizational divisions must be instilled to create a more productive and efficient work environment.

Employee performance, which is a reflection of their competence in completing tasks, is very important for achieving organizational goals. Therefore, improving performance is a top priority for the company.This quantitative research aims to analyze the factors that influence employee performance in the Quality Control division of PT. Hwa Seung Indonesia, Jepara. Of the total 174 employees, 121 were used as research samples selected using the Slovin formula. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires with saturated sampling techniques. The collected data was then analyzed using various statistical methods, including multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that the variables workload, compensation (t-value 2.865), work discipline (t-value 4.707), and motivation (t-value 4.425) together have a positive and significant influence on employee performance.

PT Unilever Indonesia’s strategic application is examined through the Balanced Scorecard framework, focusing on four key perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth. The analysis reveals that while the company demonstrates strong financial performance, such as high ROI and ROE, challenges like declining annual profits and increasing liabilities signal the need for improved cost management and risk mitigation. Unilever's strategy emphasizes innovation and customer relationships, leveraging Total Quality Management (TQM) and continuous product enhancements. However, internal issues such as employee work culture, inadequate facilities, and employee satisfaction remain significant obstacles to organizational performance. The findings suggest a need for stronger employee engagement and workplace improvements, alongside enhanced financial sustainability strategies. Future research could explore how external factors, such as shifting market trends and government regulations, influence Unilever’s strategic decisions and overall success.

Iren Mailuhu (64210645), The Influence of Competency and Work Discipline on Employee Performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) Depok PT. PLN (Persero) PT. PLN (Persero) is a company owned by the state. The task of this company is to provide electricity distribution services and organize its main service units into several parts that are appropriate to the electric power system, such as generation, transmission and distribution. PT. PLN (Persero) in managing human resources needs to pay attention to the competency and work discipline of each employee in order to produce employees who are of good quality and superior performance. This research aims to determine the influence of competence and work discipline on employee performance at PT. PLN (Persero) Customer Service Implementation Unit (UP3) Depok. The research method used is a quantitative method with data collection using saturated samples or non-probability sampling. A total of 56 respondents were sampled and the data obtained was processed using SPSS version 27 with multiple linear regression analysis techniques, The results of the analysis show that Y = 6.651, X1 = 0.625, Based on the coefficient of determination test, it was found that the two independent variables had an influence of 68.1% on employee performance.

Efficient management of aircraft parking stands is a critical element in maintaining flight safety at airports. As air traffic increases, the coordination and performance of the Apron Movement Control (AMC) team play a vital role in assigning parking positions to prevent operational delays and potential hazards. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the AMC team in managing parking stands at Yogyakarta International Airport using a descriptive qualitative approach. The assessment was based on five indicators proposed by Robbins & Judge: work quality, work quantity, timeliness, effectiveness, and independence. Data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation analysis. The findings indicate that the AMC team consistently performs its duties in accordance with established procedures, responds effectively to sudden operational changes, and demonstrates independent decision-making capabilities. These results highlight the crucial role of the AMC team in ensuring the safe movement of aircraft on the apron. However, challenges such as limited staffing and unanticipated schedule changes still require attention to improve overall operational efficiency.

Human resource development (HRD) is a fundamental pillar in the management of Islamic education, especially in the era of globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0. Islamic educational institutions are required to produce graduates who are not only religious but also competent, ethical, and adaptive. This study aims to identify effective HRD strategies to improve the quality of Islamic educational institutions. The research employs a qualitative approach with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation in several Islamic educational institutions. The findings reveal that strategies such as training, internships, scholarships, mentorship, collaboration, performance evaluation, spiritual development, technology implementation, and innovation play vital roles. The integration of Islamic values in recruitment, training, and career development is also crucial. However, challenges such as limited funding, lack of competent human resources, and insufficient leadership attention remain obstacles. This study emphasizes the need for innovation in HRD to overcome these barriers. It is expected that the findings provide practical solutions for Islamic educational institutions to achieve educational goals, produce quality graduates, enhance competitiveness, and contribute positively to society.

This research concludes that the Income Level (TPP) received by workers at retirement is only 10% of the last salary obtained from the mandatory pension program, a decrease in income of 90% of the last salary. The monthly living cost needs of retirees in retirement (food, monthly shopping, water costs - electricity, internet, lifestyle, health insurance, etc.) obtained data of IDR 5,600,000, - or equivalent to 56% of the last salary per month. So in actual terms, the level of retirement income (TPP) of retirees in Indonesia there is a gap of IDR 4,600,000, - or 46% less than the last salary per month. This condition causes retirees to fail to maintain their standard of living in old age, in addition to experiencing financial problems in retirement. Factors that affect the amount of a person's TPP consist of: 1) type of work, 2) pension program participated in, 3) length of service and salary amount, 4) investment return rate from the pension program, 5) government regulations, 6) macroeconomic factors and inflation, 7) health conditions of retirees, 8) family responsibilities, and 9) pension fund education determine the size of the level of retirement income. Optimizing private pension funds plays an important role in increasing TPP as a guarantee of income in retirement and creating financial independence in old age, in addition to improving quality of life. For this reason, private pension funds must be managed more optimally to achieve significant investment performance, improve pension fund literacy, target formal and informal workers, and diversify adequate products and services through digitalization of pension fund access and services to encourage significant growth in private pension fund participation.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of leadership supervision in efforts to improve the performance quality of Civil Servants (PNS) in the Economic Affairs Section at the Regional Secretariat of Langkat Regency. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness of supervision greatly depends on clear objectives, performance indicators, periodic evaluations, and open communication between leaders and staff. Although there are challenges such as ineffective communication and imbalanced workloads, proposed solutions include improving communication and utilizing technology to enhance supervision and employee performance. Optimal supervision has been shown to play a key role in improving PNS performance, with an emphasis on monitoring, evaluation, and skill development. Despite challenges like limited resources and ineffective communication, solutions such as training, open communication, and technology can improve supervision efficiency. Most PNS show a positive attitude towards management and supervision, although there is still room for improvement in communication and skill development. Going forward, it is expected that supervision will become more structured, technology-based, and communicative to support the achievement of organizational goals more efficiently and enhance public service quality.

The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of brand image and product quality on consumer purchasing decisions regarding MS Glow products in Solo. A positive brand image can enhance consumers' trust in a particular brand; however, product quality remains the primary determinant of satisfaction and choice among consumers. Using qualitative methodology with phenomenological approach, the study aims to understand consumers’ experiences and perspectives towards MS Glow products. The findings indicate that strong brand images, such as reliable reputation and consumer confidence, significantly influence purchase decisions. Additionally, product qualities including durability, performance, design, and innovative features play crucial roles in consumer decision-making processes. This research is expected to help companies develop better marketing strategies to meet individual customer needs effectively.

The purpose of this study was to study how job characteristics, work ethic, and quality of life affect employee performance at the Lowokwaru District Office, Malang City. In addition, the purpose of this research analysis was to determine how the independent and dependent variables used in this study interact with each other. This study used the entire population as a sample. where the author used 31 employees at the Lowokwaru District Office as a research sample. The tool used in this study was the Likert scale, which consisted of five response options, each valued 1-5. This study used research instruments, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing with the help of Windows SPSS 4.0. The results of this study indicate that job characteristics, work ethic, and quality of life have a partial and positive effect on employee performance. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that all independent variables in this study have an effect on the dependent variable.

This study aims to analyze the performance of human resources in the Directorate of Civil Service Status at the State Civil Service Agency in handling service problems or ASN status cases. Labor productivity is influenced by various factors related to the workforce itself as well as those related to the company environment and government policies as a whole, such as education, skills, discipline, attitude and work ethics. Research methods are classified based on the objectives and level of natural setting of the object, research methods can be classified into basic research objectives, applied research methods and research and development. In this study, the researcher chose the type of Qualitative research to present and describe in detail and in detail the analysis of employee productivity in serving ASN performance problems at the Directorate of Civil Service Status of the BKN. Research Results Overall, the quality of service at the Directorate of Civil Service Status of the State Civil Service Agency (BKN) can be categorized as very good, supported by clarity of information, ease of access through various communication channels, and employee responsiveness in handling complaints. The completeness of the files submitted by the proposing agency greatly affects the speed of the service process. When the files are complete, the process can run quickly and efficiently. However, incomplete files are often the cause of delays in service. and the use of technology, such as the ASN SI application, is very helpful in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of services. Technology allows ASN to access information and services more quickly and easily.

The principal has an important role which is very helpful to the Cokroaminoto Islamic elementary school. in improving the quality of education, even though his role is only as PLT Principal, he carries out his duties well. Efforts to improve the quality of education are one of the factors in creating ideal education. This research wants to find out more about "The Role of Principal Leadership and Teacher Performance in Improving the Quality of Education" in accordance with the main problem raised, namely the relationship between principal leadership and teacher performance in improving the quality of education at the Cokroaminoto Surabaya Islamic elementary school. There are several factors that influence the increase in educational progress, including: a) competent teachers, b) facilities and infrastructure, c) implementation of curriculum and innovations implemented, d) student involvement, e) evaluation or supervision carried out by the Head of School, f) and administration education.  The aim of this research is to find out the role of the school principal as a leader, who has motivator competencies and indicators for educational staff who contribute to improving the quality of education.  This research method uses a qualitative approach and uses a case study research design. Data collection techniques used (1) in-depth interviews, (2) non-participant observation, (3) documentation studies. Data validity techniques use credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation, verification or conclusions. The conclusion of this research is that there is a link between school leadership and teacher performance in an effort to improve the quality of education at the Cokroaminoto Islamic elementary school, Surabaya.

The research is aimed at examining the influence of the quality of work life variable on employee performance and job satisfaction as a moderating variable in the IPC Pelindo II Jambi City. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires with a Likert scale to 70 IPC Pelindo II Jambi City employees. Data testing used includes measurement model testing (outer model) and structural model testing (inner model) using the SmartPls 3 application. The results of the research show that the quality of work life has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at IPC Pelindo II Jambi City, quality of work life has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction at IPC Pelindo II Jambi City, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at IPC Pelindo II Jambi City, and quality of work life has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction at IPC Pelindo II City Jambi. Therefore, it is recommended that companies from the quality of work life aspect need to encourage employees to convey ideas and suggestions, from the job satisfaction aspect there needs to be a periodic review of the salary structure to ensure employees feel appreciated according to their contribution, from the performance aspect the company is able to provide incentives for employees who are able to complete more tasks than the set target.

This research aims to find out the marketing mix strategy for ornamental fish to increase sales volume at PT Agung Aquatic Marine, Denpasar Bali. This research uses descriptive qualitative research and also uses SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). SWOT analysis is an analysis used to evaluate opportunities and threats in the external environment as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the company's internal environment. The results of this research show that an IFAS score of 2.87 indicates a strong internal position, an EFAS score of 2.59 shows that the company responds to existing opportunities in a good way and avoids threats in its industrial market. The Cartesian diagram shows the company's position in an aggressive state, which is very profitable for the company. The marketing strategy used by the company to increase sales is that the company maintains and utilizes quality and varied products so that market segmentation becomes wider or increases, maintains consumer trust by being consistent in the performance provided and actively communicating to create mutually beneficial agreements.

The Bureau of Apparatus Human Resources and Organization is one of the echelon II work units at the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia which has the task of coordinating, fostering and managing the human resources of the apparatus within the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. The Bureau of Human Resources Apparatus and Organization in managing human resources needs to pay anttention to the competence and work discipline of each employee in order to produce quality employees and superior performance. This study aims to determine the effect of competence and work discipline on employee performance of the Bureau of Human Resources Apparatus and Organization of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used is quantitative method with data collection using saturated samples or non probability sampling. A total of 64 respondents were sampled and the data obtained was processed using SPSS 25 software with multiple linear regression analysis techniques which included instrument testing, partial and simultaneous hypothesis testing. The results showed that there was a positive and significant influence, partially and simultaneously competence and work discipline on the performance of employees of the Bureau of Human Resources Apparatus and Organization of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia.