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This classroom action research aims to improve the reading literacy of grade 1 students of SD Negeri 2 Ngasem through the use of flashcards. The background of the study is based on the low interest in reading and literacy outcomes of students, which is caused by less varied learning methods and the lack of attractive learning media. This study used a multi-cycle approach with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation of student activities, reading literacy tests before and after the intervention, and documentation of the learning process. The results showed an increase in the average reading literacy score from 74.77 in the pre-cycle to 75.55 in cycle 1, with the percentage of learning completeness increasing from 77.77% to 83.33%. The use of flashcards proved effective in improving students' motivation, participation, and reading literacy outcomes. This study recommends the use of interactive and innovative learning media such as flashcards, to improve reading literacy in elementary schools.  

This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of infrastructure management and understanding of sewing theory on the quality of practicum learning in the Fashion Department at SMK Negeri 1 Sangatta Utara. This study uses a quantitative approach with data collection methods through questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The research sample amounted to 107 students from a total population of 143 students in classes X, XI, and XII. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that the management of infrastructure facilities has an influence of 16.26%, while the understanding of sewing theory has a greater influence, namely 71.53% on the quality of practicum learning. Simultaneously, the two variables contributed 87.9%, while 12.1% was influenced by other factors not studied. This finding confirms that the understanding of sewing theory has a more dominant influence than the management of infrastructure facilities in improving the quality of practicum learning in the Cosmetology department at the SMK.  

The management of educational facilities and infrastructure is a process of organizing all facilities to ensure that the educational process in an educational institution can take place effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to determine the management of facilities and infrastructure used to support the learning process in the Geography subject at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa. This research uses a qualitative approach. The population and sample in this study are the Head of Facilities and Infrastructure and the Geography teachers at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa. Data in this study were collected through interviews, documentation, and literature review. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the management of facilities and infrastructure at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa is still suboptimal in terms of planning, procurement, utilization, management, and evaluation systems, resulting in the geography learning process at this high school still relying on lecture methods and manually visualizing geography lessons using a blackboard.