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Learning media has a crucial role in the educational process, especially in mathematics subjects at the elementary school level. The use of learning media aims to increase students' interest and enthusiasm in learning, as well as potentially improve their learning outcomes. Learning that utilizes learning media tends to be more interesting and easier to understand than learning methods that are monotonous and do not involve media. This study aims to conduct a literature review on the role of learning media in the context of mathematics learning in elementary schools. The research method used is a literature study, focusing on research articles published between 2020 and 2025. The analyzed articles come from accredited national journals accessed through Google Scholar with the help of the Publish or Perish application. The findings of this study show that the use of learning media in mathematics subjects has a significant impact on increasing students' interest in learning, motivation, and learning outcomes. In addition, learning media also functions to facilitate the understanding of concepts and provide direct experience to students related to the material taught.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the effectiveness of digital learning media in enhancing students' motivation in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) at the elementary school level. Utilizing a qualitative approach based on a literature review, this study analyzes various academic references regarding the use of digital technology in the learning process. The findings indicate that digital media, such as educational videos, interactive simulations, and technology-based applications, significantly contribute to increasing student engagement and learning enthusiasm. The success of digital media in education is supported by several key factors, including active student participation, real-time feedback, and the presentation of materials that are more dynamic, diverse, and responsive to individual student needs. Moreover, digital learning approaches allow for a more flexible, engaging learning process that adapts to students’ learning styles. Thus, based on the conducted analysis, it can be concluded that integrating digital technology into IPAS instruction holds great potential as an innovative pedagogical strategy.    

In the elementary school curriculum that combines science and social studies learning into a single unit, namely science, differentiated learning is expected to be able to increase student understanding and support the improvement of learning outcomes because it adjusts the learning process according to the needs, interests, and individual potentials of students. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of differentiated learning in social studies learning through a literature review of various studies conducted between 2020 and 2025. This study reveals that the application of differentiated learning can improve the cognitive understanding, activeness, and analytical thinking skills of students in social studies learning.