The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial inoculants and nutrient levels on the agronomic performance of dry direct-seeded NSIC Rc192 rice under aerobic conditions. Six biofertilizer treatments (control, Bio-N, BioGroe, Mykovam, MykoPlus, and Avatar) were combined with four nutrient levels (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % NP + full K). The study aimed to assess the impact of these treatments on root colonization, tiller production, and overall plant growth. Root and soil colonization at 60 days after sowing (DAS) revealed that MykoPlus facilitated more effective root colonization than other inoculants. However, unfavorable environmental conditions, including high temperatures and moisture deficits, negatively impacted tiller production and grain yield. Despite these challenges, BioGroe showed the most promise, significantly enhancing root development and tiller count, particularly when combined with 50 % NP + full K. The study concluded that microbial inoculants, especially BioGroe, can improve rice growth under aerobic conditions, but environmental factors are crucial in determining their effectiveness. Further research is needed to optimize these inoculants for varying environmental conditions to maximize their benefits in rice cultivation.

Coral reefs are vital habitats for numerous fish species, providing food, shelter, and breeding grounds. In Jepara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, these ecosystems are threatened by human activities and natural disturbances. This study aimed to assess the biodiversity of reef fish in relation to coral health degradation. Researchers used the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) methods to evaluate fish abundance and coral coverage across three locations with six sampling stations. 936 reef fish individuals, representing 35 species and 14 families, were recorded, with the Pomacentridae family being the most prevalent. The highest coral coverage, categorized as fair, was found at Location II (Blebak Beach) at Stations 3 and 4, with coverage of 27.93% and 25.61%, respectively. This coral coverage was positively correlated with reef fish abundance, with counts of 238 and 246 individuals (average ± SD: 242 ± 5.65). The biodiversity index indicated a dominance index (D) ranging from 0.05 to 0.14 (in the fair category), a high evenness index (E) between 0.75 and 1, and a low dominance index (D) between 0.05 and 0.14. A significant correlation was found between coral coverage and reef fish numbers (P < 0.05, R² = 0.8702), with a linear regression equation of y=6.26+67.71. The findings suggest that the health of coral reef ecosystems significantly affects reef fish populations. Hereafter, the healthiness of this ecosystem will support the scientific core development of Marine Sciences as well as fulfill society's need (economically).

Promoter methylation of the hTERT gene in blood DNA has been proposed to be an epigenetic molecular clock because it is negatively correlated with ageing. Saliva is an alternative source of DNA because it contains buccal cells. Currently, the correlation of hTERT promoter methylation and ageing using saliva is not known. This study aimed to determine: first, the correlation between hTERT promoter methylation and ageing in saliva, as a source of non-invasive DNA sampling, instead of blood was determined. Second, the influence of sex on the methylation of the hTERT promoter in ageing was evaluated. A cross-sectional study design was used, and 119 subjects were recruited, consisting of 25 children (1-5 y.o), 42 teens (17-19 y.o), 16 adults (20-50 y.o), and 36 elderly (60 to 84 y.o). Promoter methylation of the hTERT of extracted DNA was determined using the MSRE (methyl-specific restriction enzyme) method. The relationship between age and the percentage of hTERT methylation was assessed using the Pearson test. The percentage of hTERT methylation in saliva DNA was negatively correlated with age r= -0.4305 (p-value <0.05). Negative correlation was also found in men (r= -0.376) and women (r=-0.43). Negative correlation between hTERT and ageing has been confirmed in saliva as a noninvasive sampling method. The benefit of this research in ethical and social considerations may encourage a greater participation in ageing research, particularly in underprivileged communities, thus democratising access to scientific advancements in longevity studies.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by parental traits and diet. Drosophila melanogaster is a potential disease model organism, sharing physiology and genetic similarities with humans. Previous research had focused on Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for obesity and diabetes, but not for MetS. This research aimed to determine the effect of both parental diet and high sugar fat (HSF) intake on glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride hemolymph levels of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild flies were purified in either control (standard) or MetS media (extra 3% sucrose and palm oil). Seventy-five pairs were divided into 5 groups, according to parental origin and feeding media, and maintained in five generations (F1-F5). Glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were measured using a colorimetric assay in three replications of each generation per group. Glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were significantly different in all treatment groups, the control groups, and between generations in each group (p<0.05). Higher glucose and triglyceride levels appeared in the youngest generation (F5) of all groups, and in the flies reared on HSF diets. Maternal HSF-exposed groups demonstrated a more pronounced impact of parental metabolic state on the glucose and triglyceride levels of the earlier generation. These findings highlight that parental exposure to HSF and prolonged HSF intake independently and synergistically lead to persistent and amplified metabolic dysregulation across generations. Drosophila melanogaster, modeled in this study, represents a novel experimental organism that is suitable for studying the epigenetic inheritance of MetS, gaining more consideration for the metabolic health consequences of long-term dietary habits and parental metabolic state.

This study aims to evaluate the assessment standards of Rare Muchtary Kindergarten Denpasar through an evaluation of the suitability of the assessment standards with early childhood development. Using an evaluation research approach, this study seeks to deeply understand the ongoing assessment practices and their relevance to the stages of child development. Data were collected through direct observation in the classroom, in-depth interviews with teachers and principals, and analysis of assessment standard documents and child development records. The results of this study indicate that Rare Muchtary Kindergarten Denpasar is very administratively compliant with the National Assessment Standards, with high scores on objectives, principles, and various assessment techniques (observations, anecdotal notes, conversations, parent reports). However, there is still an opportunity to improve the accuracy and suitability of the assessment implementation with actual child development. 

The existence of organizations is essential because human beings, as social creatures, cannot fulfill all of their needs individually. This study examines the fundamental concepts underlying organizations. Its primary objective is to identify and understand the key elements encompassed within the basic framework of organizational theory. Employing a qualitative methodology with a literature review approach, the research draws upon digital literacy sources and other relevant data pertinent to the topic. Through analyzing various scholarly references, particularly conceptual frameworks and the Qur'anic perspective on organizational principles, this study explores definitions, essential components, organizational management principles, structural elements, and the broader social role of organizations. The findings indicate that robust theoretical foundations support organizational theory and harmonize the spiritual values embedded in Islamic teachings. Findings from the literature also emphasize that an ideal organization is not solely built upon structural systems, procedures, and work efficiency, but also supported by rooted values of ethics, morality, and spirituality deeply. 

Physics learning in senior high school faces challenges in developing students' scientific reasoning ability. This study aims to examine students' scientific reasoning ability through project-based learning of briquette making and its effect on improving students' critical thinking ability, especially in SMA Negeri 1 Jatiroto, to improve a more effective understanding of physics. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Jatiroto, Lumajang Regency, in semester one of the 2024/2025 scholastic year. The population of the research sample was class X students, which was determined using homogeneity test and random sampling technique or purposive sampling. The research design used Quasi Experimental with pre-test and post-test. Data collection was done through tests, observations, interviews, and documentation. The pre-test and post-test results showed a significant increase in the experimental class, with a higher mean post-test result (84) than the control class (50). Data analysis displayed a significant difference between the two groups, indicating that the project-based learning model had a beneficial effect on enhancing performance students' scientific reasoning skills. Thus, project-based learning in briquette making is proven to be able to encourage increased understanding of physics concepts while developing students' critical thinking skills more effectively.

This study investigates the influence of overprotective parenting on independent character development among out-of-town university students enrolled in a Home Economics Education Program. Independence in emerging adulthood encompasses emotional, behavioral, and value-based autonomy, essential for functioning as responsible adults. Using a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis, data were collected from 103 students selected through purposive sampling. The results show a negative relationship between overprotective parenting and student independence; however, the effect was not statistically significant (p = 0.744). These findings suggest that while overprotective parenting may inhibit autonomy to some extent, student independence is more significantly shaped by broader contextual factors such as peer interaction, campus engagement, and experiential learning. Peer interaction can provide opportunities for students to practice independence in a supportive environment, while campus engagement and experiential learning can foster autonomy by encouraging students to take initiative and make decisions. The study highlights the need for holistic strategies within higher education to foster independence beyond family influences alone. Implications of this study indicate that universities should create structured programs that support student autonomy and self-regulation. At the same time, future research is encouraged to explore mediating variables that may better explain the development of independence during emerging adulthood.

This study examines the effect of personalization-based digital marketing strategies on brand loyalty within cross-cultural contexts, employing A/B testing and multivariate analysis methods. The research is motivated by the critical role of digital marketing in fostering consumer relationships and the challenges of understanding cultural differences that influence consumer responses to marketing strategies. The primary objective of the study is to analyze how cultural dimensions moderate the effectiveness of personalized marketing content in enhancing brand loyalty. The study was conducted through an experiment involving 200 participants divided into two groups: one group received personalized digital content, while the other received standard content. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of culture and marketing strategies on brand loyalty, consumer satisfaction, and product recommendations. The results indicate that personalized content significantly increases brand loyalty (M = 4.5, SD = 0.8) compared to standard content (M = 3.8, SD = 1.0; p < 0.05). Additionally, consumers from collectivist cultures demonstrated a more positive response to personalized content, with higher brand loyalty scores (M = 4.6) compared to those from individualist cultures (M = 4.0). This study underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity in digital marketing strategy planning. Integrating personalization elements with an understanding of cultural contexts has been shown to enhance consumer engagement and foster stronger brand loyalty. These results provide both empirical contributions and practical guidance for companies in designing effective marketing campaigns for diverse global markets.