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This study examines the effect of transfer pricing, thin capitalization, and intangible assets on tax avoidance among manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2022-2024. Using a purposive sampling method, 90 firms were selected, yielding 262 firm-year observations after removing 8 outliers from an initial pool of 270. Tax avoidance is proxied by the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR); transfer pricing by the Related Party Transaction ratio (RPT); thin capitalization by the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER); and intangible assets by the ratio of intangible assets to total assets. The results indicate that transfer pricing has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, thin capitalization has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, and intangible assets do not significantly affect tax avoidance. The model is jointly significant (F = 25.422; p < .001) with an Adjusted R² of 21.92%, indicating that 21.92% of the variation in tax avoidance is explained by the three independent variables. These findings carry important implications for tax authorities seeking to strengthen oversight of related-party transactions and the capital structures of multinational enterprises.

This study aims to examine the effect of debt policy and transfer pricing on tax avoidance, with audit quality as a moderating variable. The object of this study is non-banking companies included in the LQ45 index listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021-2024, with a total sample of 117 firm-year observations. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and subgroup analysis (and chow test), by comparing the regression results between companies audited by Big Four and non-Big Four audit firms. The results indicate that debt policy has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance, while transfer pricing does not have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Audit quality is proven to moderate the relationship between debt policy and tax avoidance by weakening the effect. However, audit quality does not moderate the relationship between transfer pricing and tax avoidance. These findings suggest that corporate financing decisions through debt remain an important mechanism in tax planning practices, while audit quality plays a crucial role as an external monitoring mechanism in limiting aggressive tax avoidance behavior.

Corporate value plays a crucial role in evaluating the success and sustainability of a business entity, influenced by various internal factors such as special connections, transfer pricing practices, and the effective tax rate (ETR). This study aims to examine the impact of these variables on the value of companies in the property and real estate sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and to examine the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a moderating variable. The study's findings reveal that special relationships and less transparent transfer pricing practices generally decrease company value, while efficiency in ETR can increase it. CSR acts as a moderating factor, strengthening the positive relationship between internal variables and company value while reducing the negative risks of unethical practices. This study recommends the implementation of more solid governance and transparency in business activities to increase competitiveness and company value in the Indonesian property and real estate industry.

This study aims to analyze the influence of multinationality and tax haven utilization on transfer pricing activities, with institutional ownership as a moderating variable. The research focuses on energy sector companies in Indonesia, using 70 data samples obtained from company reports and financial statements. Regression analysis with moderation was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that both multinationality and tax haven practices significantly influence transfer pricing activities. However, institutional ownership does not moderate the relationship between multinationality and transfer pricing but does moderate the relationship between tax haven and transfer pricing. These findings indicate that multinational expansion and the use of tax havens play an essential role in determining corporate transfer pricing behavior. Furthermore, the presence of institutional ownership strengthens the influence of tax haven utilization on transfer pricing practices, showing that ownership structure affects how companies manage their tax-related strategies. This research contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of transfer pricing in multinational enterprises and offers practical implications for policymakers in designing effective tax regulations and governance standards related to corporate taxation.

Indonesia's tax ratio remains below the 15 percent threshold recommended by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), reflecting a significant gap in tax revenue collection. This low ratio may indicate the presence of aggressive tax planning strategies, including tax avoidance practices, particularly among multinational enterprises. This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between multinationality, transfer pricing aggressiveness, and the use of tax havens on tax avoidance. The research focuses on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019–2023. A total of 64 companies were selected as samples through purposive sampling based on specific criteria, including the availability of relevant financial data and disclosure of international operations. The variables analyzed include the degree of multinationality, transfer pricing aggressiveness as proxied by related party transactions, and involvement with tax haven jurisdictions. The dependent variable, tax avoidance, is measured using the effective tax rate (ETR) approach. Data were processed and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of STATA version 17. The findings of the study reveal that multinationality and transfer pricing aggressiveness do not have a significant relationship with tax avoidance. In contrast, the use of tax haven countries is positively associated with tax avoidance, suggesting that firms utilizing tax havens are more likely to engage in practices that reduce their tax liabilities. These results have implications for tax authorities in identifying and addressing high-risk corporate behaviors related to offshore financial structures. The study contributes to the literature on international taxation by providing empirical evidence from a developing country context.

The phenomenon of tax avoidance in Indonesia remains a significant issue, one of which is the case of PT. Adaro Energy Tbk, which practiced tax avoidance through transfer pricing to its subsidiary in Singapore, Coaltrade Service International, from 2009 to 2017. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to analyze the effect of leverage and profitability on tax avoidance with transfer pricing as a moderating variable in coal subsector energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2023 period. This study uses descriptive analysis methods, classical assumption tests, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), and hypothesis testing with t-tests. The data processing tool used is SPSS version 23. The study population consisted of 45 companies, and through purposive sampling technique, 12 companies were obtained as samples with a three-year observation period, resulting in a total sample of 36 data. The results show that leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance, while profitability has no effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, transfer pricing has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Interestingly, transfer pricing has been shown to strengthen the relationship between leverage and tax avoidance, as well as the relationship between profitability and tax avoidance. This finding confirms that "transfer pricing can be a significant moderating factor in corporate tax management strategies." Therefore, the results of this study contribute to understanding tax avoidance practices in the coal subsector for companies and regulators, as well as providing policy implications for tax regulations in Indonesia.

Tax avoidance is a form of tax planning, which refers to the implementation of tax reduction strategies by companies through legal means due to imperfections in tax legislation. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of transfer pricing and thin capitalization on tax avoidance with profitability as a moderating variable. The research was conducted on all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020–2023. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 127 companies, with a total of 508 observations across four (4) periods. Data collection was carried out using a non-participant observation method by accessing financial statements from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Data were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the SPSS application. The results show that profitability moderates by weakening the relationship between transfer pricing and tax avoidance. However, profitability does not moderate the effect of thin capitalization on tax avoidance.

This study examines the influence of international tax practices (measured by transfer pricing) and tax risk management (measured by effective tax rate) on corporate earnings quality (measured by earnings persistence). It also investigates the moderating role of tax risk management in the relationship between international tax practices and earnings quality. Utilizing panel data and multiple linear regression analysis on 650 firm-year observations from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Bursa Malaysia, Philippine Stock Exchange, and Singapore Exchange, this study finds that tax risk management has a positive effect on earnings quality. However, the results do not provide sufficient evidence to support the hypothesized association between international tax practices and earnings quality, nor do they confirm a moderating effect of tax risk management in this relationship. These findings suggest that while tax risk management is an important factor considered by firms in maintaining consistent and persistent earnings, its role may not be sufficient to alter the influence of international tax strategies on earnings quality.

This study aims to determine the Effect of Tax Planning, Profitability and Leverage on Transfer Pricing in Marketplace Platform Companies Registered on the IDX 2019-2022. This type of research is quantitative research. The data for this study were obtained through secondary data. The population in this study were all marketplace platform companies listed on the IDX 2019-2022. The sample in this study was 8 companies, namely 32 financial reports. The analysis techniques used were classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis tests. The results showed that the tax planning variable (X1) had a positive and significant partial effect on transfer pricing. The ROA variable (X2) had a positive and significant partial effect on transfer pricing. The DER variable (X3) had a negative and insignificant partial effect on transfer pricing. The Tax Planning Variable (X1), ROA (X2) and DER (X3) had a positive and significant simultaneous effect on transfer pricing.

Economic globalization has increased the complexity of cross-border transactions, particularly in transfer pricing practices, which are often used by multinational companies to shift profits to lower-tax jurisdictions. While this strategy can legally reduce tax burdens, aggressive transfer pricing often leads to income distribution inequalities and reduced government tax revenues. On the other hand, tax planning using the Gross-Up method in Article 21 Income Tax has emerged as a more transparent alternative strategy that enhances employee welfare through company-covered tax incentives. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the Gross-Up method in managing tax obligations and its impact on economic fairness compared to transfer pricing practices. Using a qualitative approach based on case studies of companies in Indonesia, the study finds that implementing the Gross-Up method can improve tax compliance and employee loyalty, whereas uncontrolled transfer pricing poses a risk of reducing government tax revenues. Therefore, stricter and more transparent tax regulations are needed to mitigate the misuse of transfer pricing and encourage the adoption of fairer tax planning strategies.

This study aims to determine the effect of transfer pricing, thin capitalization, capital intensity and audit quality on tax avoidance. The population in this study are companies that have been listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) during the 2019-2023 period, totaling 54 companies. The sample in this study amounted to 19 multinational companies or 95 observation data determined by purposive sampling method. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis with dummy variables with the SPSS 29 program. The results showed that transfer pricing partially had a negative and significant effect on tax avoidance, while thin capitalization, capital intensity and audit quality partially have no significant effect on tax avoidance. However, transfer pricing, thin capitalization, capital intensity and audit quality simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance.

The impact of globalization has brought significant changes in economic development in the world, rapid progress in several sectors such as transportation, technology, information and communication makes it easy for companies to develop their business by not only becoming local companies, but transforming into multinational companies. This study aims to test and analyze the effect of tax burden, exchange rate, and foreign ownership on transfer pricing in food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the IDX for the period 2020-2022. This type of research is correlational research with a quantitative approach. The sample in this amounted to 51 financial reports obtained from 17 food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the IDX during the 3-year period. The analysis method used is statistical method with the help of IBM SPSS 26 application. The results show that the tax burden and exchange rate partially have a negative effect on transfer pricing, while the foreign ownership variable has a positive effect on transfer pricing, and the tax burden, exchange rate, and foreign ownership variables simultaneously have no effect on transfer pricing.

This study aims to examine the effect of tax planning, tunneling incentives, and foreign ownership on transfer pricing practices in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2019–2023. Using a quantitative approach and panel data regression method, this study analyzes secondary data from the company's annual financial statements. The results of the study indicate that tax planning has a significant positive effect on the company's decision to carry out transfer pricing. Meanwhile, tunneling incentives and foreign ownership are proven to negatively affect transfer pricing, although with variations in influence that are not too large compared to other variables. This study provides an important contribution in understanding the factors that influence transfer pricing policies, which can be a reference for policy makers, company managers, and researchers in better tax management.

Factors affecting tunneling incentives and bonus mechanisms in corporate transfer pricing decisions are analyzed in this study. The motivation to place capacity from a branch office to a head office is called tunneling incentives, which will be influenced by transfer pricing decisions. In addition, the way managers determine transfer prices can be influenced by the bonus mechanisms implemented in the company. A qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach is used in this study. The results of this study show that there is a different relationship between tunneling incentives and bonus mechanisms in transfer pricing decisions, so there is no clear agreement. Important insights into the factors affecting transfer pricing practices are provided to stakeholders by these findings, as well as their impact on the transparency and accountability of financial statements. This study is expected to be used as a reference for further research and provide recommendations for companies in formulating more effective transfer pricing policies. In addition, this study presents detailed illustrations based on existing facts to assist future research by considering tunneling incentives and bonus mechanisms in the context of transfer pricing.  

In Indonesia, efforts to maximize tax revenue face obstacles, especially related to the difference in interests between the government and the business world. This difference triggers tax avoidance by taxpayers. The researcher made this scientific article, aiming to examine and analyze the influence of transfer pricing, fixed asset intensity and capital intensity on tax avoidance. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to study a phenomenon by describing the data obtained from literature studies. Literature studies with 39 journals in the 2019-2024 time frame to ensure relevant and up-to-date information and phenomena related to research topics. The results of this study show that the variables of transfer pricing, fixed asset intensity, and capital intensity have an effect on tax avoidance.

Transfer pricing is a policy used when setting the transfer price of a transaction, whether it involves goods, services, intangible assets, or financial transactions, and is often practiced in the industrial world. The practice of transfer pricing can be reflected in aspects of tax planning, bonus mechanisms, the valuation of intangible assets, and tunneling incentives. This study aims to examine whether tax planning, bonus mechanisms, the determination of intangible asset values, and tunneling incentives are variables that influence transfer pricing practices. The population in this study consists of 136 industries, and 80 samples were obtained from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2018-2021. The sample selection was conducted using purposive sampling with the following criteria: 1) manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2018-2021, 2) companies that did not incur losses during the observation years, 3) companies that have special relationships in the form of sales transactions with related parties, and 4) companies that record intangible assets. This research uses panel data analysis techniques with the assistance of EViews 9 tools. The research results indicate that tax planning, intangible assets, and tunneling incentives have a significant positive effect on transfer pricing. Meanwhile, the mechanism of bonuses has a negative but insignificant effect on transfer pricing

This research aims to determine the influence of bonus mechanisms, debt covenants, and profitability on transfer pricing. The population in this study are mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in their financial reports for the 2019-2023 period. The sampling technique in this research used a purposive sampling method and a sample of 57 companies was obtained. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 22.0 software. The results of this research show that the bonus and debt covenant mechanism has a positive and significant effect on transfer pricing and profitability has a negative and significant effect on transfer pricing.

Taxes are mandatory levies imposed on citizens to be used as public investment to boost the country's economic growth. However, Indonesia is estimated to experience tax losses of US$601 per year due to tax avoidance. One of the most commonly used schemes is profit shifting through transfer pricing. The author using normative juridical research method will answer about how the general scheme of profit shifting using transfer pricing method and how effective the current tax laws and regulations work to overcome the problem.

Transfer pricing is a pricing policy for transactions between parties with a special relationship. However, multinational companies often use transfer pricing to reduce the overall taxation of the multinational group. The purpose of this study is to review the literature using the systematic literature review (SLR) method, considering various aspects such as the impact of taxes, tunneling incentives and exchange rates on transfer pricing decisions of manufacturing companies discussed in previous studies. 60 journals from different sources were used in this study. The method used in this study is the SLR method (Systematic Literature Review Method). This study was conducted over several years to provide a performance evaluation. Therefore, this paper conducted a systematic literature review to find out which methods were used to analyze the impact of taxes, tunneling incentives and exchange rates on transfer pricing decisions of manufacturing companies.    

This research aims to determine the influence of thin capitalization, deferred tax burden, transfer pricing, and earnings management on tax avoidance practices in agricultural sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2020-2022 period. The research method used involves the use of statistical regression to measure the relationship between these variables. The results of the analysis show that thin capitalization and deferred tax expenses have a significant positive influence on tax avoidance practices, transfer pricing has a significant negative influence on tax avoidance practices while earnings management has no influence on tax avoidance. Understanding these factors influences company decisions in managing the Company's financial operations for more effective prevention and control. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of paying attention to the relationship between thin capitalization, deferred tax burden, transfer pricing, and earnings management in the context of corporate tax avoidance.