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Paper ini mempresentasikan pengembangan sebuah fuzzy logic controller (FLC) untuk menggantikan automatic voltage regulator (AVR) sebagai fungsi eksitasi. Metode yang digunakan pada paper ini merupakan teknik analisa root locus sistem linier untuk respon regulasi dinamis  mesin sinkron yang berhubungan ke infinite bus. Simulasi dilakukan untuk membandingkan respon stabilitas transien  tegangan terminal (terminal voltage), sudut beban (load angle) serta torsi kelistrikan (electrical torque). Karakteristik kurva yang dihasilkan akan menunjukkan perbaikan yang signifikan dengan menggunakan FLC.

Dredger operations in water-based mining areas have a high occupational risk because they involve a combination of wet environments, mechanical equipment, and electrical systems. The presence of electrical panels, power cables, terminal connections, electric motors, inverters/drives, and protection components on the Dredger requires a sound understanding of Occupational Health and Safety, particularly electrical safety. Water splashes, wet walking surfaces, high humidity, and improper procedures during inspection or cleaning may increase the risk of short circuits, protection trips, and electric shock. Therefore, structured basic safety training is required so that operators are able to identify electrical hazards and implement safe working procedures. This activity aimed to improve operators’ understanding of hazardous electrical components, initial safety briefing procedures, measurement practice and safe handling during trips or short-circuit indications, and the correct and safe use of water pumps for unit cleaning. The activity was carried out through field observation, technical briefing, direct demonstration on the electrical panel and work area, simple measurement practice, and safe cleaning practice. The results indicate that field documentation can serve as an effective learning medium to strengthen operators’ understanding of electrical hazard sources on the Dredger, the application of simple lock out-tag out procedures, the control of wet areas, and the limitation of water spray direction during cleaning activities. Overall, the activity shows that improved compliance with safety procedures may reduce the risk of short circuits and electric shock during operation and maintenance.

Feasibility evaluation is a crucial step in port development as it ensures that the project to be implemented provides optimal technical, economic, social, and environmental benefits. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of global research trends related to port feasibility evaluation, approaches applied in previous studies, and risks that arise when feasibility aspects are neglected in port development. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach, the study analyzes articles published between 2020 and 2025 indexed in Scopus. The results show that there has been increasing global attention to the importance of sustainable ports focused on green technologies and terminal automation. However, many studies still overlook social and environmental risks in feasibility evaluations. The study also found that neglecting feasibility aspects can lead to economic losses, environmental damage, and social dissatisfaction, resulting in project failure. Therefore, this research emphasizes the need for a more integrated feasibility evaluation that includes all technical, economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This study is expected to contribute to the development of a more holistic feasibility evaluation model, especially for developing countries like Indonesia, which still face significant challenges in port modernization and the adoption of green technologies.

Submarine pipelines are vital infrastructures in aviation fuel distribution, carrying high risks of operational disruption, safety issues, and environmental pollution. In 2025, the aviation fuel receiving submarine pipeline at Integrated Terminal Ampenan was deformed due to mechanical pulling by MT Anargya I, causing system shutdown. This incident created risks of seawater intrusion, marine pollution, and potential fuel shortages at Lombok International Airport. This study evaluates the effectiveness of applying a double-ended draining method combined with an oil bubble trap as a fast, safe, and sustainable solution for submarine pipeline repair. Using a case study and descriptive-analytical approach based on the Continuous Improvement Program (CIP), the research analyzed quality, cost, delivery, safety, environmental, and workforce aspects. The results showed the method effectively drained aviation fuel without seawater contamination, prevented marine spills, maintained fuel quality within specifications, and completed repairs before critical stock levels were reached. Additionally, it provided significant cost savings compared to emergency supply operations and achieved zero safety incidents and environmental pollution. The integration of double-ended draining and oil bubble trap proved to be an effective, adaptive innovation with strong potential for replication and standardization in other aviation fuel submarine pipeline systems.

This research investigates the effectiveness of container cargo information management systems at Indonesian ports, examining the critical roles of competency training, shore-based personnel capabilities, and technology adoption in determining system performance and operational outcomes. Container terminals increasingly rely on sophisticated information systems including Terminal Operating Systems (TOS), Port Community Systems (PCS), and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for coordinating complex cargo operations, yet system effectiveness depends not solely on technology sophistication but critically on personnel competency, training adequacy, and human-technology integration. Through qualitative analysis involving terminal operators, port information system managers, shore-based operational personnel, training coordinators, and technology providers, this study examines how the interplay between human capabilities and technological capabilities determines information system effectiveness. Results demonstrate that comprehensive competency training programs can improve system utilization effectiveness by 45-65%, reduce operational errors by 50-70%, and enhance productivity by 25-40% through better human-technology integration. Key challenges include inadequate training investment, high personnel turnover, technology complexity exceeding user capabilities, and organizational resistance to systematic training programs. Findings reveal that container terminal information system effectiveness depends fundamentally on sociotechnical system optimization addressing both technological infrastructure and human capability development through sustained competency building programs. This research contributes to port operations literature by providing evidence-based frameworks for human factors integration in port technology implementation.

This research investigates climate change adaptation frameworks for Indonesian port infrastructure and workforce safety through integrated risk management approaches addressing physical facility resilience and human resource protection. Through qualitative analysis involving 37 stakeholders including port authorities, terminal operators, marine engineers, climate scientists, occupational health specialists, and port workers, this study examines how climate threats including sea level rise, extreme weather, flooding, and heat stress affect both port operations and worker safety requiring coordinated adaptation strategies. Results demonstrate that integrated frameworks can reduce climate-related operational disruptions by 50-70%, decrease worker heat illness by 60-80%, improve emergency response effectiveness by 55-75%, and enhance infrastructure resilience by 45-65% when combining physical hardening with workforce protection measures. Key challenges include immediate infrastructure damage (ports already experiencing 3-8 annual flooding shutdowns), worker heat illness epidemic (150+ cases in 2023 with 300% increase), investment decision urgency ($15-25 billion infrastructure commitments 2024-2030), and organizational coordination across fragmented stakeholders. Findings reveal that successful climate adaptation requires holistic sociotechnical approaches treating ports as integrated human-infrastructure systems where worker safety and facility resilience prove inseparable, supporting Indonesia's maritime economic security and coastal community welfare through comprehensive climate risk management.

Three-phase induction motors are essential components in industrial cooling systems that require reliable overcurrent protection to maintain operational continuity and prevent equipment damage. In the Cooling Tower Pump panel at PT DongJin Indonesia, a limitation was identified where the terminal of the Electronic Overcurrent Relay (EOCR) could not accommodate the 50 mm² power cable, preventing direct current measurement. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of integrating a 200:5 A Current Transformer (CT) with the EOCR as an adaptive protection solution that is both safe and efficient. The research employs a case study approach through field observation, motor current measurement using a Fluke 303 Clamp Meter, and descriptive analysis of the recorded data. The results indicate that the three motors operate under stable load conditions, with current values ranging from 236.7 A to 275.7 A, while the secondary current detected by the EOCR ranges from 3.7 A to 3.9 A, consistent with the CT transformation ratio. During the starting phase, the current surged to 600.4 A without causing false tripping, demonstrating that the EOCR effectively distinguishes temporary inrush current from actual fault conditions. Therefore, the integration of CT–EOCR is proven to enhance measurement safety, maintain motor operational stability, and support efficient system maintenance in industrial environments.

This study evaluates the implementation of spot-check testing for road preservation works in Manado City, specifically on the Kairagi–Mapanget segment, the Manado City–Wori boundary, and the Liwas Terminal Access Road, to identify existing problems and assess the effectiveness of engineering-based mitigation efforts. The objective is to examine construction quality compliance with technical specifications and identify operational challenges encountered on site. The methodology encompasses the measurement of asphalt layer thickness and density via a core drill, the examination of contract documents, the analysis of laboratory test results, and the execution of field observations. The findings show that most samples meet the required standards, although several locations require corrective action. Challenges arise from weather conditions, heavy traffic, equipment limitations, and the need for adaptation to updated technical regulations. Operational mitigation strategies, staff training, the use of core drill technology, and digital documentation were found to enhance accuracy and efficiency in evaluation. The research demonstrates the value of stakeholder collaboration and capacity building in supporting quality control for road preservation works. A multidimensional approach is effective in resolving technical and operational complexities in urban road projects.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of bulk cement loading processes on the operational performance of vessels agented by PT. Pelayaran Multi Jaya Samudera Belawan. Bulk cement loading is a complex logistical activity at specialized port terminals that requires intensive coordination between the vessel, agency, and terminal to comply with international safety standards such as the IMSBC Code. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including direct field observations, interviews with the company's operational staff, and documentation studies conducted during the internship period. The research findings indicate that loading effectiveness is significantly influenced by the readiness of cargo handling equipment, such as pneumatic or conveyor systems, as well as the timeliness of agency administration in processing ship documents. Although the process generally runs well, obstacles were identified in the form of technical malfunctions of loading equipment and weather factors that frequently hinder operational speed. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that enhancing technical supervision and strengthening communication between the agent and port terminal authorities are crucial to minimizing vessel dwelling time, thereby optimizing operational performance and cost efficiency for ship owners.

This study aims to analyse the role of the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency in improving the quality of inter-city bus transportation services within the province (AKDP) based on Soekanto's role theory (in Solahudin et al, 2022), which is reviewed using three indicators: regulatory role, service role, and supervisory role. The research employed a qualitative research method with techniques of interviews, observation, and documentation of the Transportation Agency, Organda, PO owners, drivers and conductors, as well as passengers at Bungurasih Terminal. The results of the study show that in terms of regulation, the Transportation Agency has established tariff policies and Minimum Service Standards (SPM), but these have not functioned optimally as operational guidelines, as reflected in the low transparency of tariff information and the varying quality of the fleet. In terms of service, although safety inspection procedures and service facilities are available, the quality of safety, comfort, terminal facilities, as well as access to information and complaint mechanisms have not been consistently felt by users. In terms of supervision, tariff compliance control and SPM implementation remain weak and tend to be tolerant of irregularities. The main findings indicate a serious gap between normative standards and field practices, resulting in standards losing their coercive power as quality guarantors. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening the enforcement of standards in a firm and consistent manner, increasing the transparency of service and tariff information, and conducting supervision that is oriented towards tangible results for the community.

This research investigates the development of integrated operational systems connecting terminal and ship operations for docking and berthing time optimization through systematic analysis of historical data. Port efficiency depends critically on minimizing vessel turnaround time, with berth allocation, docking procedures, and cargo operations coordination determining overall port productivity and competitiveness. Through qualitative analysis involving port operators, terminal managers, ship agents, harbor masters, and operations research specialists, this study examines how historical operational data can inform intelligent coordination systems improving berthing efficiency. Results demonstrate that data-driven integration systems incorporating predictive analytics, automated scheduling, and coordinated workflows can reduce average berth turnaround time by 15-30%, improve berth utilization by 20-35%, and decrease operational conflicts by 40-60% through optimized allocation and proactive coordination. Key implementation challenges include data quality and availability, system integration complexity, organizational coordination barriers, and resistance to automated decision support. Findings reveal that historical data-based optimization represents transformative advancement from experience-based scheduling to evidence-driven operational planning supporting port efficiency enhancement, capacity maximization, and service reliability improvement. This research contributes to port operations literature by providing practical frameworks for data-driven berthing optimization applicable to diverse port operational contexts.

This study aims to analyze the influence of terminal users’ perceptions on business development opportunities at Mangkang Type A Terminal, Semarang City, managed by the Central Java Class I Transportation Management Agency (BPTD). As a major transportation hub, the terminal functions not only as a passenger transit point but also as a strategic economic area with potential for commercial facility development. However, the utilization of business opportunities at Mangkang Terminal remains suboptimal, necessitating an evidence-based analysis of the factors that shape these opportunities. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method involving terminal users, including passengers, public transport drivers, and terminal visitors. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression to examine the influence of user perceptions on business potential, which includes interest in facility usage, demand for additional services, and preferences for commercial space utilization. The findings indicate that perceptions related to comfort, safety, cleanliness, accessibility, and service quality significantly affect business development opportunities. Comfort and service quality emerge as the most dominant factors driving user interest in commercial facilities. These results emphasize that improving terminal service quality can serve as an effective strategy to expand business opportunities and enhance non-tax revenue.

The decline in the performance of the die casting machine in 1998 after a long period of producing copper terminals showed dimensional defects and instability in product quality, especially in nozzle clogging, reduced copper flow, crust buildup on the gooseneck, plunger movement obstruction, and hydraulic pressure leaks. The purpose of planning the replacement and repair of die-casting machine components is to obtain replacement and repair costs, replacement and repair schedules for the period 2026, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The replacement and repair planning method includes collecting previous maintenance data, applying the inspection-replace-repair-overhaul (IRRO) method, evaluating component conditions, predicting component service life, predicting labor costs, predicting supporting equipment to be used in maintenance, predicting the time to replace spare parts or reinstall repaired components, estimating replacement and repair costs for the period 2026, and calculating the ratio of replacement and repair costs to profits. The planning results obtained replacement and repair costs for the 2026 period are 75.770.000,- IDR with an estimated die casting machine rental rate of  1,500,000 IDR/hour which has the potential to be rented for 1,200 hours/year, and the ratio of maintenance costs to profits is 10,02 % which implies that the die casting machine with a capacity of 40 units/hour is still suitable for use and has the prospect of generating profits for the next few years.

This study presents a high-accuracy real-time soft failure detection framework for large-scale fiber-to-the-home(FTTH) optical access network using a hybrid ensemble of Isolation Forest and One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCVSM). The proposed model was trainde and validated on a real-word multivariate performance dataset comprising more than 1.8 million samples collected at 5-minute intervals from 50 Optical Line Terminal (OLTs) and over 3,000 Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) across a five-month periode(June-October 2025). Ground-truth validation was performed using 111 confirmed network incidents in October 2025 affecting 12,990 customer. The hybrid ensemble achieved Precision 0.940, Recall 0.982, with an average detection delay of only 7.8 minutes-representing an 87.7% reduction compared to conventional manual response (63.5 minutes). The framework significantly outperforms traditional threesholding and recent ML-based methods while demonstrating practical deployability in live operational enviroments.

This study examines passenger service procedures on the KM Gunung Dempo at PT PELNI's Sorong Branch, specifically related to the efficiency of the embarkation and disembarkation processes. This study was motivated by operational constraints such as long queues, limited terminal facilities, and low staff productivity. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a quantitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis was conducted by calculating time efficiency and service productivity. The results revealed a time efficiency level of 66.7% (categorized as inefficient), where the actual time reached 180 minutes from the standard of 120 minutes. In addition, staff productivity was only 0.73 passengers/minute, still below the ideal standard (≥ 1 passenger/minute). The main inhibiting factors include a lack of personnel, a manual ticket verification system, minimal terminal facilities, and weak inter-agency coordination.

This study used a qualitative approach with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) as the data collection technique. This study examined the institutional factors causing long dwelling times at Tanjung Emas Port and mitigation efforts. The analysis revealed that the main root of the problem lies in the lengthy administrative and goods inspection (customs) processes, particularly in the red, yellow, and green inspection lanes. Obstacles include the lack of data integration (such as PIB and SPPB dates) between the Semarang Container Terminal (TPKS) and Customs, as well as incomplete documents by service users. A significant impact was felt on imports, where dwelling times were longer due to complicated quarantine and customs inspections, while exports were relatively unaffected.

This study aims to explore the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures for immigration services at TPI Tanjung Priok Port and examine its impact on service effectiveness in Indonesia's maritime sector. The research employed a qualitative approach to analyse the gap between formal SOP guidelines and on-the-ground practices, examining internal and external factors, including resource limitations, technological constraints, and inter-agency coordination issues. The findings reveal significant disparities that lead to both positive and negative discretion amongst frontline Immigration officers, influencing service consistency, efficiency, and transparency. Negative discretion results in procedural deviations that compromise reliability and potentially foster corruption, delays, and inefficiencies. In contrast, positive discretion emerges as adaptive responses indicating weaknesses in SOP design or infrastructure. The study concludes that enhancing frontline officers' competence, motivation, and accountability is essential for achieving desired outcomes, whilst integrating technological solutions such as digital documentation and real-time monitoring is vital for streamlined, transparent, and accountable procedures. Improving SOP adherence, coupled with better resource allocation and inter-institutional cooperation, can significantly reduce vessel turnaround times, lower logistics costs, and bolster maritime competitiveness. The research advocates for dedicated training programmes, supervisory systems, and technological innovations to ensure SOP compliance, minimise discretion-driven deviations, and promote accountability, thereby optimising maritime service delivery and supporting Indonesia's strategic maritime development objectives.

The issue of inorganic waste such as plastic and used paper in industrial environments remains an important issue that affects the cleanliness and aesthetics of work areas. PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Rewulu faces challenges in managing non-hazardous solid waste due to limited sorting systems and waste transportation frequency. This Community Service activity aims to improve workers' understanding and skills through socialization and training in making ecobricks as a solution for utilizing inorganic waste. The methods used include pre-activity stages, socialization and hands-on practice, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge after the training, proving the effectiveness of interactive methods in strengthening understanding of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept. In addition to reducing waste volume, this activity also fostered awareness and participation among workers in creating a clean and sustainable work environment. The results of this community service are important as a first step in building a culture of independent waste management in industrial environments and can be replicated in other locations with a similar approach. Keywords: Implementation of Pancasila values, bullying prevention, character education, primary school, SDN 1 Jatisela, school environment, student behaviour.

This study aims to determine how to optimize container loading and unloading activities at PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal Sibolga Branch. Container loading and unloading activities are one of the main activities in port operations that greatly affect the efficiency and productivity of maritime logistics. PT. Pelindo Multi Terminal Sibolga Branch as one of the port service providers has an important role in ensuring the flow of goods in the West Coast of North Sumatra. This study is to analyze and identify factors that affect container loading and unloading performance as well as optimization strategies to improve time, costs, and resource utilization. The methods used in this study include field observations, interviews with related parties, and analysis of historical data on operational activities. The results of the study indicate that the main obstacles come from limited equipment, lack of coordination between parties, and low utilization of information technology. Suggested optimization efforts include the addition of heavy equipment for unloading, increasing workforce training, and digitalizing monitoring and scheduling systems.  

Background. Public transportation of vehicles coming in and going out from the Passo Transit Terminal, along with its location close to the market, can influence the levels of CO and HC in the exhaust gases from the vehicles. This can affect the air quality around the area. This is because the intercity buses use diesel fuel, some of them are old, and others have been operating for about 10 years with only 4 to 5 months before their last maintenance. Because of this, the researcher wants to study the levels of CO and HC in the exhaust gas emissions from the vehicles. Research Objective. To check the air quality of the exhaust gas emissions from intercity buses at the Passo Transit Terminal. Method. This study is a descriptive research that includes laboratory tests conducted at the HipperKes Laboratory Center. The population of this study includes 20 intercity buses, with a sample of 2 buses selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and Discussion. The results of the CO levels show that bus 1 has 1.77% and bus 2 has 0.22%, which exceed the standard quality level of 0.5% as stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 8 of 2023. Conclusion and Suggestions. The parameters measured do not meet the required exhaust emission quality standards. The community and passengers are encouraged to increase awareness and use personal protective equipment such as masks