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This study aims to analyze the relevance of Robert Raikes' Christian educational thinking to the character formation of children in contemporary Sunday School services. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. Data were obtained from various literature sources such as books, scientific journals, and research articles related to Christian education, character education, and the history of Sunday School development. Data analysis techniques were carried out through the stages of data reduction, grouping themes, interpretation, and drawing conclusions using descriptive qualitative methods. The results show that Robert Raikes' thoughts remain relevant in modern Christian education, especially in the formation of children's character through the teaching of God's Word, discipline, role models, and the instilling of Christian values. Sunday School plays an important role as a means of fostering faith, morality, and social responsibility in children from an early age. In addition, the challenges of the digital era require churches to develop more creative, interactive, and contextual learning methods without abandoning the basic values ​​of the Christian faith. This study confirms that the success of children's character formation depends not only on the church, but also on the role of Sunday School teachers and families who work together to build a conducive spiritual environment. Thus, Robert Raikes' thinking makes an important contribution to the development of Christian education that is relevant in the modern era.

The increasing spread of HIV/AIDS in Jayapura City requires immediate and sustainable preventive efforts, particularly through reproductive health education for adolescents. This program aimed to improve adolescents’ understanding of reproductive health, puberty changes, and behaviors that may increase the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission. The activity was conducted for adolescents participating in Sunday School at GKKD Buper Waena, aged between 10 and 15 years. The program was carried out in April 2025 through counseling sessions, question-and-answer activities, and focus group discussions. These approaches were chosen to provide participants with an interactive learning experience while also creating opportunities for them to share their personal experiences and perspectives related to reproductive health. A total of fifty adolescents participated enthusiastically in the activity. During the sessions, participants asked various questions that were answered directly by the speakers to clarify their understanding of reproductive health and risky behaviors. In addition, six focus group discussions were conducted to discuss participants’ personal experiences regarding puberty, friendships, dating, and behaviors such as kissing. The results of the activity indicate that reproductive health education can improve adolescents’ knowledge, awareness, and skills in maintaining personal health and avoiding behaviors that may increase the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission.

This study examines the use of YouTube Streaming in large-class Sunday School as a medium for children’s faith education at Gereja Kalimantan Evangelis (GKE) Nazaret Palangka Raya. The background of this research is the growing integration of digital media into church education, which brings both opportunities and challenges for children’s spiritual formation. The objective of this study is to describe the implementation of YouTube-based Sunday School and to analyze its benefits and challenges related to children’s participation, understanding of faith, and learning concentration. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving Sunday School teachers and parents. The findings indicate that YouTube Streaming helps maintain continuity of faith education and enhances children’s interest through audio-visual content. However, children’s participation tends to be passive, their understanding of faith often remains at a cognitive level, and their learning concentration is relatively limited. The study concludes that YouTube Streaming functions effectively as a supportive medium but cannot replace direct interaction and relational aspects essential in children’s faith education

This study aims to examine the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming Buddhist Sunday School education at the Shimakalingga Temple in Jepara in the digital era. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that AI technology is beginning to be utilized in the learning process, such as the use of interactive visual media, Dharma quiz applications, and digital platforms for distance learning. The use of AI has been proven to increase student interest and understanding of Buddhist teachings, as well as support more inclusive and adaptive learning. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, lack of teacher training, and the need for ethical guidelines for the use of AI in the context of religious education. This study concludes that AI plays a significant role in supporting the transformation of Buddhist education, but its use must remain balanced with spiritual values and the role of teachers as moral guides. Therefore, collaboration between the temple, educators, and technology is needed to create a sustainable learning system based on Dharma values.

The objectives of this study are 1) to determine the influence of church ministry on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan; 2) to determine the influence of parental attention on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan; and 3) to determine the combined influence of church ministry and parental attention on the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan. This study employed a quantitative method with inferential statistics. The sample consisted of 31 Sunday School congregants. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using regression and correlation tests. The results indicate that: 1) Church ministry has a positive and significant influence on the character formation of Sunday School children, with an F-value of 60.290 and a significance level of 0.000; 2) Parental attention has a positive and significant influence on the character formation of Sunday School children; and 3) Church ministry and parental attention jointly exert a positive and significant influence, contributing 71.6% to the variation in children’s character formation.Thus, it can be concluded that effective church ministry and consistent parental attention are the primary factors influencing the character formation of Sunday School children at HKBP Partahanan Medan.

The creative Sunday School teaching program at GKSI Imanuel Teretek was implemented as a community service initiative focused on increasing children’s enthusiasm for participating in spiritual activities. The program was motivated by initial findings showing that many children exhibited declining interest due to monotonous learning methods that lacked creative engagement. Therefore, the service team designed a series of activities based on creative approaches, including the use of visual media, educational games, art activities, and interactive storytelling to align learning with the developmental needs of children. The implementation process was carried out through several stages, including observation, material planning, activity execution, and evaluation. The results showed a significant increase in attendance, active participation, and positive responses from the children. They appeared more engaged, more willing to ask questions, and better able to remember biblical messages through enjoyable and easy-to-understand activities. Additionally, Sunday School teachers gained new insights regarding creative teaching strategies that can be applied sustainably. These findings affirm that innovation in teaching methods has a real impact on children’s learning motivation and strengthens the church’s role in nurturing faith from an early age.

This study aims to examine the contribution of educational psychology in the context of Christian education, particularly for educators, school principals, Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers, Sunday school teachers, pastors, elders, and church servants. This theoretical study shows that educational psychology helps in understanding the characteristics of learners, optimizing teaching methods, building effective teacher-student relationships, and enhancing motivation and involvement in the learning and preaching process. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through a review of books, literature, journals, notes, and relevant reports. Educational psychology plays a significant role for all those involved in Christian education and ministry. CRE teachers and Sunday school teachers have a crucial role in instilling faith values in the younger generation by understanding the learning needs of children according to their cognitive and spiritual development stages. This enables them to deliver God's word in an engaging and meaningful way. Meanwhile, pastors, elders, and church servants require an understanding of educational psychology to carry out more wise pastoral ministry. Psychological understanding helps them provide spiritual guidance, counseling, and support for members who are struggling. Educational psychology also equips church servants to lead with empathy, listen with their hearts, and guide the congregation towards true spiritual restoration. The integration of educational psychology with Christian faith significantly impacts the improvement of learning and church ministry, producing individuals who are intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually balanced.

This community service activity was carried out to support and strengthen the role of Sunday school teachers in fostering the social and emotional development of preschool children. Early social experiences generally begin in the family, but schools and religious education institutions also play a significant role in shaping children’s abilities to interact, share, and communicate effectively. The program was implemented at PAUD Arastamar Kids Pekanbaru through participatory activities that involved teachers and children. The approach emphasized interactive methods such as giving praise, teaching simple religious values, playing games, and organizing creative learning activities. Examples included origami-making, group singing, storytelling, and encouraging children to share crayons or toys with their peers. These activities not only created a fun and engaging learning atmosphere but also helped children develop empathy, cooperation, and independence. Teachers were guided to consistently integrate these activities into their routines to maximize the positive outcomes. The results of this service showed that Sunday school teachers could effectively encourage positive social-emotional growth by combining religious teachings with play-based and interactive learning. In conclusion, the program provided valuable contributions to strengthening the capacity of teachers while creating a supportive environment for children to interact positively and independently with others.

Sunday school is an activity that is carried out every Sunday, Sunday school is carried out in order to foster, educate and become a bridge for children to be able to meet God or be able to know God through the truth conveyed. Sunday school children are children who must be instilled with the truth through Sunday school teachers, therefore the school teacher must be a role model or be an example and live God in himself, so that when teaching, children will receive the spirit that the teacher has. The method used in this research is qualitative through literature review collected through books, journals and articles to get very accurate data. With the aim of being able to help find solutions in dealing with ADHD children in Sunday school. Children who experience ADHD are not a disease, so as parents must know what the child is experiencing, and as parents must provide early treatment such as taking the child to a psychologist / therapist so that the child gets treatment before it is too late.

The research aims to determine the influence of Sunday school materials on Sunday school behavior at GKPS Marubun Lokkung in 2025. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive influence between Sunday school materials on Sunday school behavior at GKPS Marubun Lokkung in 2025. Descriptive quantitative research method. The total population of Sunday school children aged 8-11 years at GKPS Marubun Lokkung in 2025 is 35 people. The research respondents were the entire population of Sunday school children aged 8-11, totaling 35 people, so this research was population research. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value of rcount=0.587>rtable=0.334 shows that there is a positive relationship between Sunday school material and Sunday school behavior at GKPS Marubun Lokkung in 2025. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 34.46%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=16.946>Ftable=3.32 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive influence between Sunday school materials on Sunday school behavior at GKPS Marubun Lokkung in 2025.

This study examines efforts to improve fourth-grade students' disciplinary character through the implementation of principal's democratic leadership style and teacher personality competence at SDK Riangwulu, East Flores. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research was conducted over two weeks involving the principal, fourth-grade homeroom teacher, and fourth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The results show that students' disciplinary character is in a good category across four indicators: compliance with school rules, compliance with learning activities, compliance in completing assignments, and neatness in wearing uniforms. The principal's democratic leadership style is implemented through consensus-based policies, high tolerance, creating a family atmosphere, and good communication. Teacher personality competence is reflected in the ability to be a role model, build positive relationships with students, and create authority through personality consistency. The main finding shows a positive synergy between the principal's democratic leadership and teacher personality competence that creates a conducive environment for forming students' disciplinary character. This research contributes theoretically to understanding systemic approaches in character education and provides practical implications for developing character formation strategies at the elementary education level.

Effective church service is rooted in spiritual education from an early age, especially through Sunday School. II Timothy 3:15–17 emphasises the role of Scripture in shaping character and readiness for every good deed. This study aims to examine the effect of the Sunday School curriculum based on this verse on the interest of the congregation in serving the Jakarta Baptist Citra Indah City Jonggol Church. A theologically strong and pedagogically planned curriculum is believed to be able to transform the faith of children and teenagers into concrete actions in ministry. In Christian education, teaching is not only informative but also transformative, integrating faith and action. A Bible-based Sunday school curriculum can serve as a means of shaping character, faith, and awareness of a call to ministry from an early age. The interest in service itself is an internal drive that encourages a person's active involvement in service activities in response to God's calling. This study is expected to provide practical contributions to local churches in designing relevant and applicable spiritual curricula, as well as being able to foster a generation of ministers who are militant, loving, and ready to carry out their roles in the church and society.

The purpose of this study is to be able to design a relevant curriculum for Sunday school children at GKI Sumut Pealangge, because the Sunday school in this church does not have a curriculum and has never used a curriculum in its Sunday school children's service. The method in this study is Research and Development or what we usually call R&D (Research and Development) by following the procedures of Borg and Gall. The subjects used as research samples were Sunday school teachers at GKI Sumut in Siborongborong. The research stages include the product designer stage, the curriculum expert validation stage, the material expert or theology expert stage, and the product trial stage. The product trial stage consists of an individual trial stage with a total of 10 Sunday school teachers as trial subjects. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative and quantitative descriptive technique. The results of this design study indicate that the Sunday school children's curriculum design is considered feasible to be used as a curriculum design after passing the validation test of the curriculum expert team, and the material expert or theology expert team, as well as passing the product trial. The average score obtained as a result of the curriculum expert validation was 3.83 and 4 with the category "Good". The average score obtained as a result of validation by material experts or theologians was 4 and 4 with the category "Good". The results of individual trials obtained an average score of 27 including the category "good". The trial stage of the curriculum design product using Sunday school teachers as test subjects stated that the Sunday school curriculum design is suitable for use as a Sunday school curriculum design in supporting Sunday school children's services at GKI Sumut Pealangge.

This study aims to analyze the extent to which the attendance of students at the Virya Dharma Buddhist Sunday School contributes to an increase in their understanding of Buddhist teachings through the practice of puja facilities. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and supported by statistical attendance data, this study involved 15 students aged 1–17 years as respondents. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation of activities. The results showed that students with high attendance rates tended to have a better understanding of the basic Buddhist values of puja facilities. Regular attendance also strengthened students' spiritual experiences through active involvement in puja, which encouraged the appreciation and application of Buddhist teachings in daily life. Thus, student attendance in Sunday school activities is not merely administrative, but becomes an important element in the formation of Buddhist character and spirituality from an early age.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Effect of Sunday School Material on the Behavior of Sunday School Children at GKPS Marubun Lokkung 2025. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. The population used by the researcher was the total number of Sunday school children aged 8 to 11 years at the GKPS Marubun Lokkung Church in 2025 as many as 30 people and the sample in the study was all populations totaling 30 people. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 30 items. The results of data analysis show that there is an Influence of Sunday School Materials on the Behavior of Sunday School Children at GKPS Marubun Lokkung 2025: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) A positive relationship test is obtained by the value of the Influence of Sunday School Materials on the Behavior of Sunday School Children at GKPS Marubun Lokkung 2025. rxy = 0.621> rtable (α = 0.05; n = 30) = 0.361 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) A significant relationship test is obtained by tcount = 5.322> rtable (α = 0.05; n = 28) = 2.048 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Potensi masalah pada mitra terdapat pada fasilitas sekolah terutama perpustakaan di SMP ISLAM DARURROHMAN memiliki perpustakaan tetapi tidak terawat dan berdebu sehingga, mahasiswa diawal kegiatan melakukan revitalisasi serta merapikan buku-buku. Selain itu, ketersediaan buku-buku yang tidak memadai antara buku fiksi dan non fiksi mengarahkan mahasiswa untuk melaksanakan kegiatan donasi buku tetapi tidak berjalan lancar. Rendahnya minat dan motivasi literasi dan numerasi siswa yang rendah, dibuktikan dengan hasil Pre Test AKM yang rendah di numerasi disebabkan karena beberapa hal, sehingga meminta mahasiswa untuk mendekati siswa dan menanyakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa seperti pelaksanaan private class agar siswa tidak malu dan semangat untuk belajar dan terbiasa beradaptasi dengan hadirnya kakak mahsiswa. Kekurangan tenaga pendidik guru, salah satunya di SMP ISLAM DARURROHMAN, membuat mahasiswa masuk ke kelas tanpa pengawasan dan pembimbingan. Dalam hal ini mahasiswa dipercaya langsung untuk melakukan pengajaran di sekolah. Sehingga sebagai DPL meminta siswa untuk berkoordinasi dengan guru pamong untuk membimbing mahasiswa dalam proses mengajar tersebut. Hal tersebut biasanya terjadi di hari Minggu karena sekolah penugasan 2 liburnya hari Jumat. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dialami mitra, maka solusi yang telah ditawarkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini meliputi: (1) Observasi lapangan untuk memperoleh data awal tentang permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra, (2) Analisis kebutuhan mitra dan menawarkan solusi penyelesaian, (3) Membuat perancangan pelatihan dan pendampingan, (4) Membuat materi yang berkenaan dengan Literasi, Numerasi, dan Adaptasi Teknologi (5) Melakukan pelatihan pengenalan Literasi, Numerasi, dan Adaptasi Teknologi, (6), Melakukan workshop tentang Literasi, Numerasi, dan Adaptasi Teknologi, (7) Melakukan pendampingan pada mitra dalam Literasi, Numerasi, dan Adaptasi Teknologi. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini maka dapat diperoleh simpulan bahwa Kegiatan kampus mengajar angkatan 6 ini merupakan program yang baik untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar di luar kampus dan belajar sambil berdampak serta program-program yang sudah disusun mahasiswa dapat diimplementasi dengan dukungan pihak sekolah penugasan. Pengalaman kampus mengajar 6 ini, dampaknya tidak hanya dirasakan oleh siswa sekolah penugasan tetapi juga pihak sekolah serta mahasiswa.

This research explores the role of Sunday school teachers in the growth and development of children at Kasih Karunia Baptist Church Simalingkar. Sunday school teachers play an important role in shaping children's character through spiritual and moral education. Creativity in teaching is the key to delivering material in a way that is interesting and relevant to children. Community service by Sunday school teachers involves children in activities that strengthen social and moral values, such as social service projects. The implementation of the Sunday School Teaching (PSM) program at this church, which is supported by IAKN Tarutung students, aims to increase religious and moral understanding, discipline, responsibility, as well as children's talents and creativity. This program also makes a positive contribution to the surrounding community. The research uses qualitative descriptive methods through interviews, observation and documentation analysis. Results showed significant improvements in children's religious understanding, discipline, responsibility and creativity, as well as a positive impact on the community. These findings emphasize the important role of creative Sunday school teachers in shaping children's character and strengthening social ties in the community.

The low attendance of congregational children in participating in Sunday school worship activities, childhood is a time where the complexity of abilities in both the fields of knowledge and religion must be emphasized and formed from the start. The aim of this community service activity aims to increase Sunday school interest in worship attendance. Sunday school Sunday school children. This activity will discuss the importance of the role of students in making positive contributions to society through community service for Sunday school children. Through this service, the team hopes to provide new insight into children who are lacking in participating in Sunday school children's services, and can improve children's interest in attending Sunday school Keywords: ,  

This article is based on the fact that children still don't care about the environment and nature. Children tend to feel trivial about their actions in littering. Without realizing it, it can damage nature and bring disaster to the area where you live. The aim of this research is to provide and obtain strategies that can be used by GKPPD Ressort Suak Classen Sunday school children to protect and care for nature. The method used is descriptive qualitative, namely analyzing, comparing and concluding various opinions from source books/journals and interviews from various experts and figures regarding strategies that are easy for Sunday school children to apply in protecting and being friendly with nature. Children who truly understand the importance of nature for human life will have a caring attitude towards the environment and help the next generation to experience the pleasures of nature in good condition.

This research discusses the effect of the storytelling method conducted by Sunday School teachers on the understanding of the Bible in children aged 3-6 years.  The decline of attitude in early childhood is a cause for concern. This decline in attitude is caused by one of the problems, namely the lack of understanding of the Bible. The lack of teaching the Bible to children from an early age is a matter of concern. The storytelling method is a learning approach that prioritizes narratives or stories as the main medium in the religious learning process. Through interesting and interactive narratives, this method aims to increase children's understanding, engagement, creativity, and cognition, as well as forming positive attitudes towards religion and transferring moral values. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data from various literature sources related to the research topic. Data analysis was conducted systematically using a qualitative approach to generate new insights that can increase understanding of existing knowledge. The results showed that the storytelling method had a significant impact in several aspects. Firstly, it increases children's engagement in religious learning, allowing them to be actively involved and building a strong interest in the Bible. Second, it influences the growth of children's positive attitude towards religion, positively shaping their character and morality. Third, the storytelling method facilitates a deeper understanding of the Bible, allowing children to internalize the spiritual and moral values contained in the Bible stories. Fourth, it helps in the development of children's language and cognitive skills, enriching their learning experience. Fifth, the storytelling method facilitates the transfer of moral values, allowing children to understand moral concepts and develop attitudes that are in line with religious teachings. So, the storytelling method practiced by Sunday School teachers has a significant impact on the understanding of the Bible in children aged 3-6 years. This approach is not just about transferring knowledge, but also about shaping the child's character, morality and attitude towards religion. Therefore, it is important for religious educators to consider using the storytelling method in Bible learning for pre-school children in Sunday school.