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Criminal offenses of theft are one of the most frequent forms of crime in society and have wide-ranging impacts, not only on the individual victim but also on legal order and social stability. This study aims to analyze the impact of theft offenses on legal order and social life, while also examining the role of criminal law in addressing such crimes. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach through literature study, observation, and interviews with law enforcement officers and the public. The results of the study show that the prevalence of theft offenses can decrease public safety, weaken public trust in law enforcement agencies, and disturb social order and harmony. Furthermore, theft also leads to a decline in legal compliance and an increase in the potential for vigilante justice. Therefore, consistent, effective, and just law enforcement is required, along with increasing public legal awareness as efforts to maintain legal order and create a safe and orderly social life.

The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in people's transaction patterns, including the increased use of app-based financial services. This study aims to analyze the role of the DANA app in increasing the convenience of cashless transactions in Indonesia. The method used was a literature review, analyzing journals, reports, and official documents related to the use of digital wallets and the development of DANA services over the past three years. The results show that DANA contributes to accelerating transaction processes, increasing accessibility to financial services, and providing secure and efficient payment features. Features such as QRIS, flexible balance top-ups, instant transfers, and integration with various public and commercial services have proven to facilitate users' cashless transactions. However, challenges remain, including unequal digital literacy, data security risks, and network limitations in some regions. Overall, the DANA app plays a crucial role in accelerating the digital payment ecosystem and increasing transaction convenience for the Indonesian people.

This study examines the transformation of Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (PKWT) in East Java within the context of Indonesia's flexible economy era, particularly following the enactment of the Job Creation Law (UU Cipta Kerja No. 6/2023). The research analyzes the legal protection challenges faced by contract and outsourcing workers in East Java Province from 2020–2025. Using a normative juridical approach combined with empirical data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Ministry of Manpower, this study reveals that despite regulatory improvements, significant gaps remain in the implementation of labor protection. Key findings indicate that contract workers in East Java, estimated at 59.17% of the informal workforce in 2024, face uncertainties regarding contract duration, compensation rights, and social security. The study recommends strengthening supervision mechanisms, clarifying regulations on gig economy workers, and enhancing bipartite negotiation processes to ensure balanced protection between business flexibility and workers' fundamental rights, while also promoting legal certainty and sustainable employment relations in the regional labor market.

Gender inequality in terms of safety in public spaces is a crucial issue in Indonesia. This research background is driven by the high rate of violence against women, reaching 330,079 cases in 2024, and reinforced by a patriarchal culture that perpetuates gender hierarchy. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to analyze the root causes and impacts of gender inequality on women's sense of security in public spaces. The results indicate that the disparity manifests in various dimensions, such as women-unfriendly urban infrastructure (e.g., inadequate lighting), security threats in urban areas, and the high rate of gender-based violence where 80.1% of the victims are women. The discussion reveals that this inequality impacts not only physical safety but also psychological well-being, economic security, and access to public spaces. This research concludes that a multidimensional approach encompassing infrastructure improvement, strengthening legal protection, changing social norms, and economic empowerment is required to create an inclusive, equitable, and safe public environment for all genders.

This study examines the dynamics of Data Driven Policy implementation in Indonesia, which faces a disconnect between the ambitions of digital regulation and the reality of execution on the ground. Using a qualitative approach with the Three Lenses of Evidence-Based Policy analysis framework (Head, 2008), this study examines the interaction between scientific evidence, political considerations, and professional practices in government data governance. The results show that although legal infrastructure such as Satu Data Indonesia (SDI) has been established, its effectiveness is hampered by structural barriers: the dominance of sectoral egos and a culture of intuitive decision-making (political lens), as well as a mix of digital talent and resistance from a paternalistic bureaucratic culture (practical lens). These findings confirm that data fragmentation and cybersecurity incidents are not simply technical failures, but rather systemic governance failures. Therefore, this study recommends a “soft reform” strategy that integrates the enforcement of technical standards, budget incentive mechanisms, and digital leadership transformation to align data validity with the political realities of the bureaucracy.

This study analyzes online fraud as one of the most common forms of cybercrime in Indonesia, which has expanded alongside rapid advances in information and communication technology. These crimes utilize digital platforms such as social media, online marketplaces, and fraudulent websites to deceive victims for unlawful financial gain. The research aims to examine online fraud from a criminological perspective by identifying its causes, patterns, and relevance to routine activity theory and differential association theory. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, with qualitative and descriptive analysis. The findings show that online fraud reflects a shift from conventional fraud to digital-based crimes, driven by low public awareness of cybersecurity, easy access to technology, and weak online supervision. Several fraud schemes were identified, including online investment scams, phishing, and identity impersonation. This study highlights the need for an integrated approach that goes beyond law enforcement by emphasizing digital literacy, public education, and cross-sector collaboration to reduce cybercrime in Indonesia.

This research aims to normatively analyze the role and implementation of public participation in the legislative process, specifically concerning the formation of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) Law. Public participation is an essential principle in a democratic state, ensuring the legitimacy, transparency, and accountability of legal products. This normative review focuses on the legal framework governing community participation in law making, as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and related regulations. The analysis reveals a gap between the ideal normative principle of meaningful participation and the empirical practice in the legislation of the TNI Law. Legislative processes involving the defense and security sector are often overshadowed by issues of secrecy and limited information accessibility, thereby impeding substantial public participation. It is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework and establish more open, inclusive, and continuous mechanisms to ensure that public aspirations and interests, including those of civil society groups and academics, are adequately considered at every stage of law formation, especially for strategic legislation like the TNI Law.

The development of electronic commerce through marketplace platforms presents new challenges in civil law enforcement, particularly concerning the platform's liability for the circulation of counterfeit goods. This study aims to analyze Shopee's legal responsibility as a provider of electronic transaction services regarding the sale of counterfeit goods, based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code concerning Unlawful Acts and its relation to consumer protection principles as regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and literature study, including provisions in the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. The research findings indicate that although Shopee does not act as a direct seller, the platform still has a legal obligation to provide a reliable, secure, and responsible electronic system. Negligence in verifying sellers and monitoring products has the potential to fulfill the elements of unlawful acts, particularly the elements of fault and causal relationship with consumer losses. This study emphasizes that Shopee qualifies as a business actor in the context of consumer protection, thereby bearing both preventive and repressive responsibilities to ensure transaction security and prevent the circulation of counterfeit goods on its platform.

Agrarian conflicts in Lampung illustrate that land disputes are not only about ownership but also about how language shapes public perceptions of power and justice. This study aims to explain the changing patterns of media reporting on agrarian conflicts and the social meanings emerging from these changes. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and Lederach’s conflict transformation theory. Data were obtained from online news reports on agrarian conflicts in Lampung published between 2010 and 2025. The results show that earlier reports emphasized control and security, while later coverage shifted toward issues of justice, land rights, and community recognition. This change indicates that language in media reporting plays a crucial role in transforming public perspectives from a logic of authority toward a consciousness of justice and humanity. The study highlights the importance of fair and empathetic public communication as a foundation for peaceful and sustainable conflict resolution.

Historically, water resource management in Indonesia has faced significant complexities, often dominated by commercialization and investment-oriented policies that threaten the fundamental rights of farmers. The Constitutional Court’s decision to annul the previous Water Resources Law marks a crucial turning point, demanding a comprehensive policy reformulation. This entails a shift from a market-based paradigm to one grounded in human rights and social welfare, reaffirming state sovereignty over water for the prosperity of the people. The urgency of this reformulation is compounded by the imminent threat of climate change, which introduces high uncertainty into the hydrological cycle—manifesting as extreme droughts and floods—thereby directly impacting the agricultural sector. This research aims to formulate a climate-adaptive water resource management policy that secures the priority rights of farmers. Employing a Normative Legal Research Method with Statutory and Conceptual Approaches, the findings present a new, holistic legal and institu-tional framework. This framework centers on two pillars: first, the firm assertion and absolute legal protection of irrigation water allocation for farmers, even during periods of scarcity; and second, the adoption of a Climate-Adaptive Governance Model. This governance model integrates a unified climate monitoring system, resilient water infrastructure, and the empowerment of Water User Associations (P3A) at the grassroots level to independently respond to shifting climate patterns. This reformulation is essential for achieving water management that is just, sustainable, and effective in maintaining national food security

Universitas Maritim AMNI carried out community  service activities  at  Berahan Village  to support Demak Regency program. It is not only  students/cadets  and  lecturers  who  carry  out community service activities but also the surrounding community. They are very enthusiastic in participating in implementing various program activities carried out at Berahan Village. The method of implementing this activity  uses  a  direct  socialization  and  training approach, observation, interviews  and literature studies. Socialization Automation of Fishery Processing Supports Food Security in Berahan Village. The observation was held in Berahan  Village. The data collection was carried out through interview methods  and  as  a  reference  for  implementing community service activities was using the literature study method. The success of these program was  indicated  by  increase the income of the Berahan Community.

The development of information technology has produced a significant transformation in election administration mechanisms, including within the City of Palangka Raya. The digitalization of various services and information systems requires the General Elections Commission (KPU) to enhance transparency while simultaneously ensuring the security of voter data and election results. This study aims to examine the key challenges faced by the Palangka Raya KPU in balancing the need for information openness with data protection in the digital era. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through literature review, direct observation, and structured interviews with KPU staff, election supervisors, and relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that digitalization improves the effectiveness of public information dissemination, including through the use of Sidalih and Sirekap, yet it also introduces vulnerabilities such as potential voter data breaches, cyberattacks, and the spread of disinformation through social media. Moreover, limitations in human resources with technological expertise serve as constraints in optimizing digital security. Conversely, the implementation of data security standards and improvements in voter digital literacy contribute to strengthening public trust in the election process. Thus, the Palangka Raya KPU needs to reinforce cybersecurity infrastructure, enhance internal technical capacity, and broaden public education programs to safeguard electoral integrity amid increasing transparency demands and digital risks. Collaboration among government, academia, and the community is a strategic element in maintaining the quality of democracy in the digital era.

This study aims to explore the institutional governance and collaboration mechanisms at Indonesia's entry points, emphasising both formal arrangements, such as Memoranda of Understanding, and informal communication channels that facilitate daily operations among Immigration, Customs, Port Authorities, Law Enforcement, and Health Agencies. The research employed qualitative methods, including interviews, observations, and document analysis, grounded in Policy Network theory, to analyse the dynamics of institutional collaboration at entry points. The findings highlight that border oversight effectiveness hinges on inter-agency synergy quality, trust, and the ability to overcome technical and procedural barriers, whilst significant challenges include technological disparity, particularly incompatible data platforms hampering real-time information sharing, and silo mentalities driven by security concerns that impede operational harmonisation, resulting in delays and inefficiencies. Trust mechanisms such as informal communication groups, regular meetings, and leadership support significantly improve coordination and operational performance. The study concludes that sustainable and adaptive governance models characterised by mutual trust, effective communication, and technological integration are essential for enhancing border security and facilitating legal movement. The research underscores the importance of integrating technological systems to ensure interoperability, developing clear cross-agency SOPs, and fostering a collaborative culture that prioritises shared goals over organisational ego. Strengthening institutional collaboration at border crossings will bolster Indonesia's national security, economic growth, and international reputation, and contribute to resilient, efficient border management systems capable of addressing contemporary threats.

The administration of population services in Rumbai Timur District continues to face challenges following the regional expansion that required residents to update their civil documents. The SIPENDUDUK website was introduced to simplify digital submissions; however, its implementation has not been fully effective. A portion of the community, particularly older adults and individuals with low digital literacy, still struggles to navigate service flows and upload required documents. This study aims to evaluate the service quality of the SIPENDUDUK website in improving the effectiveness of civil administration services. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through observations and interviews with officers and service users. The findings indicate that although the website has facilitated administrative processes, its accessibility has not yet reached all user groups due to varying technological capabilities. The system shows adequate efficiency and stability, although several technical issues remain. Service security is maintained through controlled access and a simplified interface. User support is provided through direct assistance from the local office, including manual guidance and mobile outreach services. These results highlight that the success of digital services depends not only on system quality but also on user readiness. This evaluation is expected to contribute to improving the effectiveness, inclusiveness, and overall quality of population administration services in Rumbai Timur District.

Digital transformation has emerged as a major catalyst for reform in contemporary public administration, reshaping how governments design, deliver, and evaluate public services. This literature review synthesizes key findings from international studies to map the dynamics of technological innovation and bureaucratic adaptation in the era of digital government. The results demonstrate that technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things accelerate administrative processes, enhance accuracy, reduce service costs, and strengthen transparency and accountability. However, the review also emphasizes that technological advancement alone is insufficient; the success of digital transformation depends on the capacity of public institutions to reorganize work structures, build digital competencies, and shift bureaucratic culture toward more adaptive and collaborative practices. Furthermore, digital participation platforms have expanded opportunities for citizen engagement, yet persistent digital divides—driven by socio-demographic disparities and unequal access to infrastructure—pose significant challenges to inclusive participation. The literature also reveals recurring barriers related to infrastructure readiness, cybersecurity, resistance to change, and limited digital literacy among public employees. Cross-country evidence from Turkey, Singapore, Italy, Iran, and the UAE shows similar transformation patterns, highlighting bureaucratic adaptation as a mediating factor between technological innovation and governance outcomes. Overall, this review offers an integrated conceptual understanding of digital transformation in public services and underscores the need for holistic strategies that combine technological investment, organizational reform, and inclusive governance to ensure sustainable and equitable digitalization.

The purpose of this activity is to socialize the implementation of biosecurity as an effort to prevent disease in cattle in Luhulely Village, Pulau Letti District, Southwest Maluku Regency. This activity was carried out using a socialization method involving beef cattle farmers and all Luhulely Village staff. The implementation of the activity was divided into 2 sessions, namely a material presentation session and an interactive discussion session. Some general steps in implementing biosecurity include the following: access management, animal movement control, cleanliness and sanitation, waste management, animal health monitoring, and vaccination. This socialization activity was attended by approximately 20 participants consisting of beef cattle farmers and several Luhulely Village staff. Several important things that can be concluded from the implementation of this activity are as follows: the majority of farmers showed an increased understanding of the importance of biosecurity after participating in the socialization, the farmers expressed their readiness to implement various biosecurity measures, such as quarantine of new livestock, waste management, and provision of adequate sanitation facilities in the livestock area, and several farmers requested further assistance regarding the implementation of more detailed biosecurity, including correct livestock vaccination techniques. The conclusion of this activity is that the socialization of biosecurity implementation on cattle farms is expected to increase farmers' awareness and understanding of maintaining livestock health and preventing disease transmission. Through proper biosecurity implementation, it is hoped that healthy, more productive, and sustainable livestock conditions will be created.

This study aims to determine and analyze the Quality of Public Services in Making Birth Certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City. Viewed from the aspects: (1) Tangible (Physical Evidence), (2) Reliability (Reliability), (3) Responsiveness (Responsiveness), (4) Assurance (Guarantee), (5) Empathy (Empathy). This research method uses a Qualitative Approach with a Descriptive type. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that in general the quality of public services in making birth certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City has been running well, although there are still some obstacles. In the Tangible dimension, the infrastructure is adequate but still needs to be updated on technological devices. In the Reliability dimension, the service has followed the established procedures and completion times, although sometimes hampered by system disruptions. The Responsiveness dimension shows that employees are quite responsive in responding to community needs, but need to increase effectiveness when queues are high. In the Assurance dimension, employees are competent and maintain data security, supported by technical training in population administration management. Meanwhile, in the Empathy dimension, employees are friendly and caring, although individual attention to the public is reduced during peak hours.

The livestock sector in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, has great potential but is often threatened by outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), which cause significant economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the FMD control policies implemented by the Gowa Regency Government based on William Dunn's six policy evaluation criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and accuracy. The study used a qualitative approach with primary data collected through in-depth interviews with key informants from the Livestock and Animal Health Division of the Gowa Regency Livestock and Plantation Service and supporting data from various literature. The findings show that the FMD control policy is effective in achieving zero cases, but efficiency is hampered by limited medical personnel (only two veterinarians) and operational budget dependence entirely on the Central Government. Vaccine adequacy is a pull sistem (demand-driven) and compensation distribution is carried out fairly. Community responsiveness increased after severe losses, and policy accuracy was considered most optimal in the implementation of biosecurity and sanitation while promoting vaccination. As a recommendation, the Gowa Government needs to recruit contract workers in the field of animal health, allocate funds for the procurement of operational vehicles and equipment to support laboratory facilities, and issue a Regent Regulation that strictly regulates the implementation of biosecurity and livestock housing patterns in high-risk areas.

This study analyzes the legal implications of the Merauke Food Estate Project on the principles of sustainable development and Indonesia's commitment to Net Zero Emission (NZE) from the viewpoint of international environmental law. Through a normative legal approach complemented by qualitative empirical analysis, this study reveals that the realization of this project has the possibility of violating national and international environmental principles, which include sustainable development, the precautionary principle, and the polluter pays principle, due to the mass deforestation that increases carbon emissions and the absence of the implementation of the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) mechanism for indigenous peoples. The findings indicate that the legal responsibility of the state and corporations in this project is not fully aligned with Indonesia's commitments under the Paris Agreement and the NZE target. Previously, and Informed Consent (FPIC/PADIATAPA) for indigenous peoples. The findings show that the legal responsibilities of the state and corporations in this project are not completely in line for Indonesia's commitments in the Paris Agreement and the 2060 NZE target, thus requiring policy reconstruction according to a rights-based strategy to ensure a balance between food security, ecological fairness, and a healthy environment.

The execution of mortgage rights on land is a crucial element in the property security legal system in Indonesia, which allows creditors to obtain debt repayment if the debtor defaults. However, the implementation of parate executie as a non-litigious mechanism based on Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights has sparked constitutional debates, particularly regarding the debtor's right to fair legal protection. This study analyzes the legal considerations of the Constitutional Court in Decision No. 10/PUU-XIX/2021, which rejected the constitutional review of the mortgage execution norms, and evaluates the legal execution procedures post-decision. Using the normative legal research method, this article examines the approach of contractual freedom, the principle of justice, and the protection of property rights in the context of creditor-debtor relationships. The study results show that the Court views parate executie as constitutionally valid, as long as it is carried out with the principles of transparency, proportionality, and the availability of legal recourse for the debtor. Therefore, legal protection within the mortgage system is not eliminated, but must be implemented through accountable and just practices. These findings provide an important normative basis for policymakers and economic actors in ensuring that the execution of guarantees runs effectively while still upholding the constitutional rights of the parties involved.