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The implementation of healthy and safe school standards is a strategic effort to create a learning environment that supports the health and safety of elementary school students. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of healthy and safe school standards at SDN 6 Kendari, which is characterized by its proximity to a market and a main road. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design, involving field observations, the completion of a healthy and safe school indicator questionnaire, and interviews with educators. The results indicate that SDN 6 Kendari has met most of the healthy school indicators, evidenced by well-maintained buildings, adequate ventilation and lighting, proper sanitation and waste management, and students’ consistent practice of clean and healthy living behaviors. Regarding the safe school aspect, the school’s social environment is relatively conducive and free from risky behaviors, supported by the availability of a monitoring system and collaboration with relevant parties. However, several areas still require improvement, such as the equitable distribution of handwashing facilities, more strategic placement of portable fire extinguishers, and strengthening traffic risk mitigation measures due to the school’s location. Overall, the implementation of healthy and safe school standards at SDN 6 Kendari has been proceeding well, but requires continuous improvement to achieve optimal compliance with the standards.

Tebet Eco Park is one of the green open spaces (GOS) in South Jakarta that plays an important role in supporting environmental health and urban public health. This study aims to analyze the environmental health conditions at Tebet Eco Park through direct observation of environmental cleanliness, air quality, water quality, waste management, sanitation facilities, and visitor comfort. The research employed a descriptive method using field observations and a literature review approach. The findings indicate that the overall environmental health condition of Tebet Eco Park is relatively good. The presence of diverse vegetation contributes to improving air quality and creating a cool and comfortable environment. Supporting facilities such as sports areas, playgrounds, pet-friendly zones, and drinking water refill stations also contribute to the physical and social well-being of the community. However, several issues were still identified, including poor water quality in the park’s ponds and improper waste disposal by some visitors. Therefore, more effective environmental management and increased public awareness are needed to ensure that the ecological and social functions of Tebet Eco Park can be sustained in the long term.

Substandard housing remains a multidimensional urban problem because it intersects with structural safety, indoor environmental quality, sanitation, clean water, poverty, and the effectiveness of policy implementation. This study evaluates the implementation of the substandard housing improvement program (RTLH) in Lubuk Linggau City by integrating a technical audit of housing quality with an implementation analysis based on the variables of communication, resources, implementer disposition, and bureaucratic structure. A descriptive-evaluative mixed approach was applied through field observation, technical scoring of ten rehabilitated houses, document review, and structured interviews with regulators, field facilitators, and beneficiary households. The results show that the cumulative technical conformity index reached 3.325 out of 4.00, equivalent to 83%, and was classified as adequate housing. Structural resilience achieved the highest score at 88%, followed by space adequacy at 85%, natural lighting and ventilation at 80%, and sanitation and clean water at 75%. Five houses were classified as adequate housing, while five were classified as fairly adequate/light substandard housing. The implementation analysis indicates that clear practical communication and facilitator assistance strengthened structural quality, but limited financial resources, weak environmental-health prioritization, and administratively oriented supervision reduced sanitation and ventilation performance. The study recommends standardized septic systems, stronger post-construction technical verification, healthy-housing education, realistic unit budgets, and quality-oriented monitoring.

Background: South Tangerang City has experienced an increase in the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five years old over the past three years. In 2023, South Tangerang City prevalence of the incidence of diarrhea in under five years old 17,68%. Purpose: This study aims to determine the distribution of diarrhea incidence in children under five years old based on risk factors through a spatial analysis approach in South Tangerang City in 2023. Methods: This study employs a quantitative, descriptive approach with an ecological design. The study was conducted from November 1, 2024, to July 31, 2025. The population and sample of this study consist of all seven sub-districts in South Tangerang City in 2023, using a total sampling technique. The variables studied included diarrhea incidence in children under five years old, population density, safe sanitation access, supervised drinking water facilities according to standards, and vitamin A supplementation coverage. Secondary data was obtained from the Health Department and the Central Statistics Agency of South Tangerang City in 2023. Results: The study results showed that in 2023, Pamulang Subdistrict had the highest number of diarrhea incidences in children under five years old. The area is also known to have a very high population density, safe sanitation access that is still below the national target, the percentage of supervised drinking water facilities and vitamin A coverage that has reached the national target. Conclusion: Most subdistricts in South Tangerang City in 2023 have high and low rates of diarrhea in children under five years old, and safe sanitation access is still below the national target.

Clean water is a basic human necessity that plays a vital role in public health and well-being. However, access to clean water remains a challenge in many drought-prone areas. This condition requires effective planning and evaluation to ensure the sustainability of clean water supply programs. This article aims to examine the application of the Problem Solving Cycle (PSC) method in the planning and evaluation of clean water supply programs in drought-prone regions. The study employed a literature review method by analyzing various scientific articles and relevant documents. Data were analyzed descriptively through identification, classification, and information synthesis. The findings indicate that PSC supports program planning and evaluation through the stages of problem identification, cause analysis, action planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Clean water supply programs contribute to improving community access to safe water and adequate sanitation, although several challenges remain, including limited resources, infrastructure management issues, and program sustainability. Therefore, PSC can serve as an effective approach to support the success of clean water supply programs in drought-prone areas.

Environmental-based diseases remain a major public health issue associated with unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene behavior, improper household waste management, and unsafe domestic wastewater disposal. Community-Based Total Sanitation, known in Indonesia as Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat or STBM, is a community empowerment approach designed to change hygiene and sanitation behavior through five pillars. This article aims to develop an STBM program planning design and an impact evaluation model for reducing environmental-based diseases, particularly diarrhoeal disease. This study used a narrative review method by analyzing national regulations, official guidelines, global WASH reports, and recent scientific literature. The proposed program design includes situation analysis, multisectoral advocacy, community triggering, household mentoring, strengthening sanitation facilities, monitoring, verification, and impact evaluation. The evaluation model uses process, output, outcome, and impact indicators, with diarrhoea incidence as the main measurable health indicator. The findings indicate that an integrated STBM program supported by community participation, valid baseline data, and periodic evaluation can strengthen the prevention of environmental-based diseases. This article recommends implementing STBM as a sustainable community-based public health intervention rather than a short-term sanitation activity. 

Vector-borne infectious diseases remain a public health concern, particularly in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Sanitation clinics at public health centers (Puskesmas) play a role in identifying environmental risk factors and planning interventions to support vector-borne disease control. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of sanitation clinics in environmental intervention planning. The method used was a literature review of scientific articles, journals, and related documents published between 2015-2025. Data were analyzed descriptively to identify forms of environmental interventions and their effectiveness. The results showed that sanitation clinics play an important role in environmental health counseling, sanitation inspections, health education, and environmental intervention planning. However, their implementation still faces challenges, including limited numbers of sanitarians, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and suboptimal environmental interventions. Nevertheless, sanitation clinics continue to contribute to the prevention of environment-based diseases and vector control. Therefore, strengthening resources and improving the quality of intervention planning are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of sanitation clinic programs.

This study analyzes the integration of aesthetics and ethics in cosmetology education and its implications for strengthening the professionalism of cosmetology teachers. Cosmetology is often viewed as an applied field that primarily produces visual beauty through make-up, skin care, hair care, and cosmetic services. However, professional cosmetology practice also involves moral responsibility because it deals directly with the human body, personal identity, safety, comfort, and client trust. This article uses a normative qualitative method with conceptual and philosophical approaches through library research. The analysis is organized through three dimensions of philosophy of science: ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The findings show that, ontologically, cosmetology studies beauty and the human body not merely as physical objects, but as subjects with value, dignity, and diverse meanings. Epistemologically, cosmetology knowledge is constructed through the integration of scientific theory, practical skills, professional experience, sanitation principles, occupational safety, and service standards. Axiologically, cosmetology contains ethical values that guide beauty practices so that they remain honest, safe, responsible, and respectful of human dignity. The integration of aesthetics and ethics strengthens the role of cosmetology teachers as educators, professional models, and character builders in vocational education. Therefore, cosmetology learning should not only emphasize technical competence and visual results, but also internalize ethical awareness, reflective judgment, and responsibility in every stage of professional practice.

This study aims to analyze the paradox of stunting in Yemen, particularly the disconnect between humanitarian response priorities and children's actual nutritional needs amid the ongoing conflict. Stunting, a form of chronic malnutrition, is a significant public health issue in Yemen, exacerbated by the conflict's disruption of food, healthcare, and sanitation systems. Despite the clear evidence of rising stunting rates, international humanitarian interventions tend to focus on addressing acute crises, such as extreme hunger, while neglecting long-term nutritional needs. Using a qualitative literature review approach, the research synthesizes data from archival documents, reports, and secondary sources to explore the structural causes of stunting and the challenges faced by humanitarian actors in Yemen. The findings reveal that the protracted conflict, economic collapse, and humanitarian blockades have worsened food insecurity and malnutrition. Moreover, the humanitarian response often prioritizes short-term survival over long-term prevention of stunting, resulting in a lack of integrated, multisectoral interventions. The study emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in humanitarian policies to incorporate long-term development strategies and integrate stunting prevention. This research contributes to the academic understanding of the humanitarian-development nexus and offers recommendations for more holistic interventions.

Typhoid fever is a febrile illness that commonly occurs in urban areas with poor sanitation. It is usually caused by the consumption of untreated water and contaminated food. Because the S. typhi bacterium can survive in water for days, contamination of surface water—such as wastewater, freshwater, and groundwater—serves as the primary cause of typhoid fever. The patient presented to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia General Hospital with complaints of high fever for approximately 4 days prior to admission, which had worsened over the past 2 days. The fever fluctuated and was accompanied by chills. It worsened at night and was not influenced by weather or temperature. These symptoms were accompanied by vomiting every time the patient tried to eat, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, and weakness. The patient reported vomiting the contents of their meal every time they ate, leading to a loss of appetite. These symptoms began when the patient first developed a fever. The patient also experienced abdominal pain. Spontaneous bleeding was denied. On physical examination, the patient appeared weak but was alert and oriented. On neck examination, palpable enlargement of the thyroid glands was found on the right and left sides of the neck, measuring 2x2 cm, mobile, and soft. On abdominal examination, increased bowel sounds were noted. Vital signs were normal except for the patient’s febrile temperature. Laboratory tests revealed a Tubex blood test result of scale 4 and a positive dengue IgG serology result.

Complementary feeding plays a vital role in meeting the nutritional needs of infants and toddlers. However, food safety remains a concern, particularly for homemade commercial complementary foods. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality and hygiene sanitation practices of homemade commercial complementary foods vendors in the service area of Karangandong Public Health Center, Gresik. A quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Four homemade commercial complementary foods samples were collected from different vendors and tested for Total Plate Count (TPC) and Escherichia coli contamination. Observations and interviews were also conducted to evaluate the vendors' hygiene and sanitation practices. The results showed that three out of four homemade commercial complementary foods samples exceeded the maximum limit for microbial contamination (1 × 10² CFU/g). Two of the four samples tested positive for Escherichia coli contamination. The hygiene and sanitation practices of the vendors showed several non-conformities, categorized as minor, major, and critical. In conclusion, most homemade commercial MP-ASI products in this study did not meet established microbiological safety standards and reflected hygiene and sanitation practices that require improvement.

Stunting remains a persistent nutritional challenge that threatens human capital development in Indonesia. This study examines the effects of exclusive breastfeeding, female education, sanitation, access to safe drinking water, inadequate food consumption, and poverty on stunting prevalence across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2024. The study employs a random-effects Panel EGLS estimator with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to address heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence in provincial panel data. The findings reveal that exclusive breastfeeding, female education, and adequate sanitation significantly reduce stunting prevalence, while poverty significantly increases it. Interestingly, inadequate food consumption is negatively associated with stunting prevalence, potentially reflecting the contribution of government nutritional assistance and social protection programs. In contrast, access to safe drinking water does not show a statistically significant effect. Among the explanatory variables, female education is strongly associated with reductions in stunting. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening women’s education, improving sanitation quality, and expanding poverty-alleviation and nutrition-sensitive interventions to accelerate reductions in stunting and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Indonesia.

The flash floods that struck Aceh Tamiang caused infrastructure damage and contaminated clean water sources, making it difficult for residents to obtain potable water. This situation increases the risk of water-borne diseases and worsens the post-disaster situation. This research aims to develop a large-scale, simple water filtration prototype as an emergency response solution that is effective, economical, and easy to implement by affected communities. The methods used include field observation, water sampling, testing simple physical parameters (turbidity, color, odor, and pH), and designing a gravity-based, multi-stage filtration system without electricity. The prototype uses a combination of filter media such as gravel, silica sand, activated charcoal, and natural fibers in a drum system. Test results show a decrease in turbidity levels from 150–300 NTU to 5–15 NTU after the filtration process, as well as an increase in pH to near neutral. The filtered water is declared suitable for sanitation and consumption after undergoing a further disinfection process. In addition to implementing the technology, this research also includes public education regarding the selection of safe water sources and maintenance of the filtration system. Based on these results, this large-scale simple water filtration prototype is effective as an appropriate technological solution in handling the post-disaster clean water crisis and has the potential to be replicated in other flood-prone areas.

School-age children are vulnerable to environmental-based diseases due to suboptimal hygiene practices and inadequate school sanitation. Lack of handwashing habits, maintaining personal hygiene, and choosing safe foods can increase the risk of diarrhea, respiratory infections, worms, and skin diseases. This community service activity aims to increase students' knowledge and awareness regarding clean and healthy living behaviors, personal hygiene, and food hygiene and sanitation. The method used was a one-day counseling through interactive lectures, discussions, educational video screenings, and demonstrations of proper handwashing and tooth-brushing practices. The results of the activity showed an increase in student participation and understanding of the importance of maintaining personal hygiene and the school environment. It was concluded that the counseling was effective in increasing students' knowledge and awareness, so ongoing support is needed so that clean and healthy living behaviors can be implemented consistently at school and at home.

Although Indonesia has integrated SDG 6 goals into national development planning, access to safe drinking water and sanitation remains a challenge in rural areas, particularly due to suboptimal policy implementation at the local level. The PAMSIMAS program is a government policy designed to improve access to clean water and sanitation services thru a community empowerment approach. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the PAMSIMAS program policy in supporting the achievement of SDG 6 in Mentaras Village, Dukun District, Gresik Regency. The research approach is descriptive qualitative with data collection thru observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis was conducted using George C. Edwards III's policy implementation model, which includes communication, resources, executor disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The research results show that the program implementation has achieved significant progress, marked by an increase in the number of households accessing clean water, affordable service costs, and community-based management thru BP-SPAMS and BUMDes that reflect the principle of accountability. However, the implementation of the program still faces challenges such as limited service coverage, an imbalance in the facilitator-to-beneficiary ratio, and coordination obstacles among implementing stakeholders. Therefore, strengthening the dimensions of communication, resources, and institutional coordination is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of program implementation and support the achievement of SDG 6 targets by 2030.

The problem of stunting is still a serious issue in health development in Indonesia because it has an impact on the quality of human resources. This study aims to analyze the efforts of the Pagomogo Village Government in handling stunting. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants were determined using purposive sampling consisting of village governments, health workers, cadres, and the community. The results of the study show that the village government has implemented various programs, such as Supplementary Feeding (PMT), strengthening Human Development Cadres (KPM), improving services through community institutions, and sanitation development. However, the implementation of the program has not been optimal because it is still constrained by economic factors, low public awareness, limited counseling, and access to clean water. This study concludes that the main problem does not lie in the availability of programs, but in the implementation and sustainability aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen community empowerment, improve education, and evaluate results-based programs.

The waste problem in Indonesia has now reached a critical stage and has become an increasingly serious environmental issue. The ever-increasing volume of waste is not being managed effectively, leading to various negative impacts, particularly environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the state of waste management in Indonesia and its impact on water pollution from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The method used is descriptive qualitative research through a literature review utilizing various sources such as journals, official reports, and legislation. The results indicate that the majority of waste originates from household activities, while management practices remain rudimentary, such as the “collect-transport-dispose” method and open dumping. This situation leads to waste accumulation, which contributes to water pollution, deteriorating environmental quality, and increased health risks for the community. Furthermore, suboptimal waste management also poses a challenge in achieving sustainable development goals, particularly regarding responsible consumption and access to clean water and sanitation. Therefore, improved efforts are needed through the application of the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principles, increased public awareness, and the active role of the government and the private sector in providing a sustainable waste management system. With the right measures, it is hoped that the waste problem in Indonesia can be reduced and the environment preserved.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..

This community service activity aims to improve the quality of business management at the "Dunia Unggas" egg-laying chicken farming MSME in Malang Regency through the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM). The main problems faced by partners include an unstructured quality management system, low levels of cage cleanliness, the absence of systematic production records, and suboptimal feed management and disease control. The implementation method uses a participatory approach with stages of diagnostics, intervention planning, program implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The intervention program focused on the preparation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), improving sanitation and biosecurity, developing a production recording system, optimizing feed management, and increasing disease control capacity. The results of the activity showed improvements in aspects of operational regularity, cage cleanliness, consistency of production records, and partners' understanding of more professional business management. In addition, there was an increase in the quality and stability of egg production. Thus, the implementation of TQM through mentoring has proven effective in increasing operational efficiency and competitiveness of MSMEs in a sustainable manner.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the main factors associated with the occurrence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. This bacterium can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach by producing the urease enzyme, allowing it to colonize the gastric mucosa and trigger an inflammatory response. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of active gastritis and duodenal ulcers. The method used was a literature review with a narrative approach of scientific articles published between 2021–2025 from the Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Crossref databases. The results of the review indicate that Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly associated with increased gastric mucosal inflammation and a higher risk of duodenal ulcers. Early detection and eradication therapy using a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective in preventing disease progression and complications. Additional findings highlight the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and public awareness in reducing transmission rates and improving gastrointestinal health outcomes globally..