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Rapid urban growth is often linked to the narrative of sustainable development, yet the reality is that fundamental issues remain in the management of urban waste. This paper aims to examine the gap between the concept of a sustainable city and sub-optimal waste management practices. Through a normative legal approach involving an analysis of legislation and relevant literature, it has been found that the implementation of waste management policies continues to face various challenges, such as weak law enforcement, a lack of policy integration, and low levels of public participation. On the other hand, the use of the label ‘sustainable city’ tends to be symbolic and does not yet reflect comprehensive practices. This paper positions the issue of waste as a key indicator in assessing urban sustainability. The novelty of this study lies in its critical approach, which links the discourse on sustainability with the contextual realities of waste management, thereby offering a more reflective and distinct perspective from previous studies.

The waste problem in Indonesia has now reached a critical stage and has become an increasingly serious environmental issue. The ever-increasing volume of waste is not being managed effectively, leading to various negative impacts, particularly environmental pollution. This study aims to examine the state of waste management in Indonesia and its impact on water pollution from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The method used is descriptive qualitative research through a literature review utilizing various sources such as journals, official reports, and legislation. The results indicate that the majority of waste originates from household activities, while management practices remain rudimentary, such as the “collect-transport-dispose” method and open dumping. This situation leads to waste accumulation, which contributes to water pollution, deteriorating environmental quality, and increased health risks for the community. Furthermore, suboptimal waste management also poses a challenge in achieving sustainable development goals, particularly regarding responsible consumption and access to clean water and sanitation. Therefore, improved efforts are needed through the application of the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principles, increased public awareness, and the active role of the government and the private sector in providing a sustainable waste management system. With the right measures, it is hoped that the waste problem in Indonesia can be reduced and the environment preserved.

Waste management remains a critical environmental issue due to the lack of public awareness in separating organic and inorganic waste, resulting in accumulation and environmental pollution This study aims to analyze and evaluate the development of automatic waste sorting systems based on proximity sensors with full-capacity notification using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach.. The proposed system utilizes a combination of sensors, including proximity sensors for material identification and ultrasonic sensors for detecting object presence and bin capacity, integrated with a microcontroller for real-time processing. Additionally, the system is equipped with IoT-based monitoring that allows users to receive notifications when the waste bin reaches its capacity. The research method involves system design, hardware and software integration, and functional testing to evaluate system performance. The results indicate that the system is capable of sorting waste automatically with a high level of accuracy and responsiveness, while also providing real-time monitoring to support waste management operations. The implementation of this system can reduce manual intervention, increase operational efficiency, and promote better waste segregation practices. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of integrating smart technology into environmental management systems, contributing both theoretically and practically to the development of sustainable waste management solutions.

separating and shredding organic and inorganic waste. This study aims to analyze the process of shredding household waste using the Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) and determine the optimal operational parameters based on variations in rotor speed. The research method uses numerical simulation with SolidWorks 2024 software for geometric modeling and Ansys Rocky 2023 R1 for CFD-DEM simulation. The rotor speed variations used are 1000 RPM, 2500 RPM, and 4000 RPM with a mass flow rate of 4 tons/hour and a simulation duration of 2 seconds. The parameters analyzed included particle mass flow rate, shredding characteristics, and power consumption. The simulation results showed that a speed of 1000 RPM produced the most optimal performance with a maximum capacity of ±4 tons/hour and a stable shredding response compared to other variations. At 2500 RPM, there were high fluctuations with low capacity (±0.6 tons/hour), while at 4000 RPM, the capacity was moderate (±1.1 tons/hour) but still did not exceed the performance of 1000 RPM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a rotor speed parameter of 1000 RPM is the most effective condition for improving the grinding efficiency and production capacity of a hammer mill-type Depackaging machine based on CFD-DEM simulation.

This study aims to design and develop a waste complaint information system at the Environmental Agency of West Sumba Regency to improve the effectiveness of public services. The current problem lies in the manual complaint process, which leads to delays in handling reports, poor data documentation, and limited service transparency. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The system development adopts the Waterfall method, which consists of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages. The system is modeled using Unified Modeling Language (UML), including use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and sequence diagrams to provide a structured representation of the system. This approach is considered effective as it ensures a systematic and well-organized development process. The results indicate that the developed system facilitates the public in submitting complaints online and assists the agency in managing complaint data in an integrated manner. Furthermore, the system enhances response time, transparency, and service efficiency. Therefore, this waste complaint information system can serve as a technological solution to improve the quality of public services.

This study aims to design and develop a web-based waste collection scheduling system using PHP and MySQL at the Environmental Agency of West Sumba Regency. The main problem faced is that the scheduling process is still carried out manually, resulting in inefficiency, susceptibility to errors, and difficulties in monitoring and reporting. The system development method used is the Waterfall model, which includes requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages. The developed system provides features for managing data on personnel, regions, vehicles, and structured waste collection scheduling. In addition, the system is equipped with notification features, schedule monitoring, and performance reporting that can be accessed by management. The results of this study indicate that the system improves effectiveness and efficiency in scheduling processes and facilitates supervision of waste collection activities. Therefore, the implementation of this system is expected to optimize and organize waste management in West Sumba Regency.

Waste-related issues have become increasingly complex environmental challenges as a result of population growth and shifting consumption patterns within society. Although Indonesia has established a legal framework through Law Number 18 of 2008 on Waste Management, its implementation at the community level continues to encounter various obstacles, particularly low legal awareness and an underdeveloped legal culture. This community service program aims to foster and strengthen a legal culture in waste management as an effort to promote environmental sustainability in Mrutuk Village, Widang District, Tuban Regency. The activities were conducted using participatory and descriptive approaches, including legal education, dissemination of waste management regulations, reinforcement of legal substance and enforcement structures, and community-based assistance. The results demonstrate an improvement in public understanding and awareness of the importance of managing waste in accordance with legal provisions, a shift in attitudes from compliance motivated by supervision toward voluntary compliance, and the emergence of community initiatives to actively engage in environmentally oriented waste management. Therefore, strengthening legal culture has proven to be a crucial instrument in encouraging environmentally responsible behavior and supporting the achievement of sustainable development.

Plastic waste management in rural areas, particularly in tourism villages, remains an environmental challenge that requires sustainable solutions. Negeri Tongging Village, as a tourism area around Lake Toba, has experienced an increase in household plastic waste that has not been managed optimally, potentially affecting environmental quality and community well-being. This community service activity aimed to enhance community awareness and capacity in plastic waste management through the implementation of a circular economy approach based on a waste exchange program and ecobrick production. A participatory approach was employed by actively involving the community in all stages of the activity, including socialization, program implementation, and evaluation. The program was carried out during the 2025 Community Service Program of Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, consisting of circular economy socialization, collection of plastic waste through an exchange scheme with basic necessities, training on ecobrick production, and the provision of supporting facilities for environmental cleanliness. The results indicate an increase in community participation and environmental awareness, a reduction in improperly disposed plastic waste, and an improvement in community skills in processing plastic waste into useful products. In addition, the activity strengthened mutual cooperation and environmental responsibility among community members. In conclusion, the application of a circular economy approach through ecobrick-based activities can serve as an effective alternative solution for plastic waste management while simultaneously supporting sustainable community empowerment in rural tourism areas.

Waste has become a serious environmental problem in Indonesia, which continues to increase along with population growth. The issue of waste management poses serious challenges for the environment, especially in the process of separating organic and inorganic waste. In the field of computer vision, recognising the type and shape of waste through camera images remains a challenge due to variations in shape, colour, and complex lighting conditions. Therefore, this problem utilises Deep Learning technology, which is expected to be widely applied in Indonesia, especially in large cities with high waste volumes. This study aims to distinguish between organic and inorganic waste using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method based on digital images. The developed CNN model was trained to recognise the visual patterns of each type of waste and tested to measure its accuracy. The test results show that the CNN-based classification system is capable of achieving an accuracy rate of 95%, thus proving the effectiveness of this method in supporting artificial intelligence-based automatic waste sorting systems.

Plastic waste detection in indoor environments is an essential challenge in the development of intelligent cleaning systems and robotic automation. Small and medium-sized plastic debris is often difficult to identify using conventional methods due to variations in color, shape, and reflectance. This study proposes an image-processing-based approach that combines thresholding and contour detection techniques to improve the accuracy of detecting plastic objects on floor surfaces. The initial stage involves converting the image into a color space that is more stable under varying illumination, such as HSV or grayscale, to reduce the influence of lighting intensity. Subsequently, adaptive thresholding is applied to separate plastic objects from the background by using dynamic threshold values tailored to the image’s conditions. The segmentation results are refined through morphological operations such as opening and closing, enabling the removal of small noise and enhancing the clarity of object boundaries. The core stage of the system employs contour detection to extract object shapes and areas, allowing the identification of plastic waste based on size, perimeter, and specific geometric characteristics. Experiments were conducted under different lighting conditions and various floor types, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully detects plastic debris with satisfactory accuracy and relatively fast processing time. Therefore, this method is suitable for implementation in robotic cleaning systems, indoor cleanliness monitoring devices, and other computer vision applications requiring real-time and efficient object detection.

Latar Belakang: Pendekatan kewirausahaan sosial yang diterapkan dalam proyek ini mencerminkan sinergi antara inovasi, kepedulian sosial, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Dengan memberdayakan masyarakat lansia untuk menciptakan produk yang bermanfaat, kegiatan ini berkontribusi pada tercapainya beberapa tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGs), seperti pengurangan limbah, pengentasan kemiskinan, dan pemberdayaan komunitas. Tujuan: Mengurangi limbah plastik serta meningkatkan keterampilan dan kemandirian ekonomi lansia melalui pembuatan gantungan kunci berbahan dasar limbah plastik. Metode: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat ini melibatkan warga Panti Perlindungan dan Rehabilitasi Sosial Lanjut Usia “Budi Sejahtera” Martapura. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan yang komprehensif berupa pelatihan partisipatif dengan tahapan pengumpulan bahan baku dari masyarakat, penyediaan peralatan, pembentukan tim kerja, serta pelatihan kewirausahaan yang meliputi edukasi kepada lansia mengenai pentingnya daur ulang sampah, proses pemilahan, pembersihan, pemotongan, pencampuran resin, pencetakan, hingga finishing produk gantungan kunci. Hasil: Adanya peningkatan keterampilan dalam mengolah limbah menjadi produk bernilai, serta terbukanya peluang ekonomi melalui penjualan produk. Dari sisi sosial, kegiatan ini memperkuat rasa kebersamaan dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri lansia, sementara dari sisi lingkungan, berkontribusi nyata dalam pengurangan sampah plastik dan pencemaran lingkungan. Kesimpulan: kegiatan sociopreneur ini membuktikan bahwa melalui pendekatan inovatif berbasis partisipasi, lansia dapat diberdayakan untuk menghasilkan karya yang bermanfaat, ramah lingkungan, sekaligus bernilai ekonomi.

Waste management is an urgent environmental issue that requires active community participation. This study aims to analyze the speaking skills of members of the Sapu Lidi Community in Pekalongan during waste management discussions, a community that actively processes organic waste into valuable products such as eco-enzyme. Using a qualitative approach and an ethnographic case study design, this research explores speaking skills within its natural social context. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participatory observation of community discussions, then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The findings show that the community members' speaking skills are characterized by fluent delivery, appropriate and credible word choice, and a persuasive, egalitarian, and humorous speaking style. Community members utilize rhetorical strategies such as humor, calls to action, and concrete evidence such as harvest results to build participation and environmental awareness among residents. The application of dialogic communication and the integration of verbal delivery with hands-on practice demonstrations proved effective in achieving the community's goals. Academically, this research contributes to environmental communication studies within grassroots communities. Practically, the findings can serve as a foundation for developing speaking skills training for volunteers in similar communities in other areas.

Management of household waste in Final Disposal Sites (TPA) faces a serious problem, where most of the waste accumulates and is difficult to decompose due to its complex nature. This condition substantially inhibits natural decomposition processes and limits the effectiveness of recycling efforts. Pre-processing operations, such as sorting and crushing, which are still dominated by manual methods, are proven to be inefficient, high-risk, and require large allocations of land resources and manpower. Therefore, automated technological innovation is needed to facilitate the efficient separation of organic components from inorganic materials (packaging). This research was conducted to determine the design and structural strength analysis of a hammer mill type depackaging machine, carried out using Solidworks software. Structural analysis simulation utilizes Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine the structural strength of the machine. The specifications of the hammer mill type depackaging machine include a capacity of 3000 kg/hour, a hammer mill input power of 12 KW, and a rotational speed of 2500 rpm with a torque of 34.54 Nm. Meanwhile, the screw conveyor input power is 0.75 KW and the rotational speed is 20 rpm. The FEA simulation analysis results for the hammer mill type depackaging machine showed that the maximum Von Mises stress value recorded is 3,022×10^7   N⁄m^2 , the maximum displacement value measured is very minimal, namely 2,793×10^(-1)  mm, and the Factor of Safety (FOS) obtained is 8.3. This FOS value significantly exceeds the required minimum safety limit (>3), confirming that the machine design has optimal reliability, fatigue resistance, and structural integrity for operation under intensive working conditions at the TPA. The conclusion of this study indicates that the engineering design of this hammer mill type depackaging machine is safe and meets structural technical requirements to proceed to the implementation phase, potentially becoming a sustainable technological solution in improving the efficiency of waste pre-processing.

Salah satu bentuk pengolahan limbah menjadi energi yang berasal dari limbah padat perkotaan adalah sampah bahan bakar turunan atau Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Terdapat berbagai teknologi pengeringan yang biasanya digunakan untuk pengeringan RDF. Contoh penerapannya adalah oil tube rotary dryer sebagai alternatif dari steam tube rotary dryer karena sejumlah alasan utama. Pertama, penggunaan oil engine sebagai material penghantar panas tidak membutuhkan tekanan tinggi seperti pada steam tube rotary dryer sehingga komposisi desain yang tidak serumit steam tube rotary dryer. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perancangan dan analisis kekuatan struktur mesin oil tube rotary dryer yang dilakukan melalui software Solidworks. Cara kerja mesin dimulai dari pemanasan thermal oil di unit pemanas hingga mencapai suhu operasi yang diinginkan. Oil panas kemudian disirkulasikan secara tertutup ke dalam tube di dalam drum pengering. Pada saat yang sama, RDF dengan kadar air awal 55% dimasukkan melalui inlet housing ke dalam shell. Suhu yang bekerja pada oil untuk memanaskan sekitar 150°C, jumlah total tube 65 buah berdiameter 1,25 inch, dan panjang pipa 10 m yang tersusun di dalam shell. Hasil analisis struktur mesin oil tube rotary dryer berdasarkan simulasi didapatkan stress (von mises) dengan nilai tertinggi 9,371 × 108 N/m^2. Sedangkan nilai terendah 9,628 × 103 N/m^2. Nilai tertinggi dari hasil simulasi tersebut terjadi pada sudut tajam bagian support roller yang tidak terdapat kontak, sehingga hal ini dapat diabaikan karena merupakan stress singularity. Hasil simulasi displacement  dengan  nilai tertinggi 1,026 × 101 N/m^2. Sedangkan nilai terendah 1,000 × 10-30 N/m^2. Nilai tertinggi dari hasil simulasi tersebut merupakan penerapan dari gaya centrifugal yang terjadi pada drum/shell rotary. Hasil simulasi Safety factor yaitu mengacu pada rata-rata probe result adalah 2,3. Sehingga dari hasil simula

This study examines the role of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the formation of Mendalo Indah Village Regulation Number 02 of 2018 regarding Waste Collection, referring to Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 111 of 2014. Using an empirical juridical approach with a qualitative research method, the study was conducted in Mendalo Indah Village, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders (including the Village Head, BPD Chair, and community leaders), and documentation. The findings indicate that while the BPD's role in forming village regulations is generally less than optimal, it has a more active role during the discussion and finalization of the draft regulations. However, the initial drafting and proposing stages are often initiated by the Village Head, with limited proactive involvement from the BPD. Key challenges identified include inadequate BPD human resources, limited understanding of their duties, and poor communication and coordination between the BPD, the Village Government, and other stakeholders. The study concludes that improving the BPD’s capacity, knowledge, and collaboration is essential for more effective participation in village regulation formation.

Waste management remains a major challenge, particularly due to the lack of public awareness and habits in sorting waste from its source. Innovative technology-based solutions are needed to support more effective waste management systems. This study aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart trash bin capable of automatically sorting metal and non-metal waste. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller, an LJ12A3-4-Z/BY sensor to detect metal materials, an E18 sensor to detect non-metal materials, and an ultrasonic sensor to monitor bin capacity. The waste separation mechanism is operated by a servo motor controlled by the system, while the Blynk application is integrated for real-time monitoring and full-capacity notifications sent directly to the user’s smartphone. The research stages included hardware design, microcontroller programming, IoT platform integration, and functionality testing to ensure system performance and reliability. The results showed that the smart trash bin operated as expected, successfully identifying and separating metal and non-metal waste automatically, while also sending real-time notifications to the user when the bin approached full capacity. The implementation of this technology has the potential to modernize waste management processes, improve the efficiency of waste sorting, and reduce dependency on manual labor. Furthermore, this research opens opportunities for future development by integrating additional sensors and cloud-based data management systems to support smart city initiatives and sustainable waste management practices.

This study explores the practice of participatory communication and creative production implemented by the Anggrek Waste Bank along the Ciliwung River as an educational strategy for flood disaster mitigation. The research aims to understand how community-based waste management initiatives can serve as platforms for environmental learning and social empowerment. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study investigates social dynamics, interaction patterns, and meanings constructed by residents through collaborative waste management and creative production activities. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that participatory communication is manifested not only in formal education, counseling, or campaigns, but also in everyday interactions, creative workshops, and collective community work. Creative products such as recycled crafts, soap made from used cooking oil, and eco enzymes function as symbolic communication media that persuasively convey ecological messages while providing tangible economic benefits. These practices foster a sense of ecological responsibility, strengthen social solidarity, and enhance community resilience to flooding. This study concludes that participatory communication integrated with creative production serves as an effective model for promoting sustainable behavior and community-based flood mitigation in urban environments.

This Community Service Programme was implemented to address the issues faced by Bank Sampah Anggrek's partners in Bendogerit Village, Blitar City. The main problems faced by the partners included limited variety of recycled products, simple waste processing techniques, and ineffective marketing strategies. Activities include socialisation, strengthening local partnerships, recycling training, and digital marketing assistance. As a result, members of the Waste Bank were able to create three new products: plant pots made from orange peels, carnival costumes made from fabric and plastic waste, and ecobrick furniture, and establish collaborations with two local businesses. The constraints of the Community Service Programme activities included limited production facilities, inconsistent participant attendance, low digital literacy, and competition with traditional waste collectors. This programme demonstrates that a waste bank-based sociopreneurship model can have economic, social, and environmental impacts while supporting sustainable waste management strategies. The programme was also successful due to its participatory approach, which actively involved Anggrek Waste Bank members in every step. Participants not only gained new information, but also acquired practical skills that can be used in the processing and marketing of recycled goods. This community service programme greatly helps to raise awareness of the importance of community-based circular economy. While reducing negative impacts on the environment, the sociopreneurship model can boost the community's economy. Bank Sampah Anggrek has the potential to develop into a centre for sustainable waste management innovation at the neighbourhood level by strengthening local capacity and opening up opportunities for cross-sector collaboration.

Population growth and lifestyle changes in Indonesia have led to complex waste management issues, negatively impacting social, health, and environmental sustainability aspects. To address this, a sustainable management approach that actively involves community participation is necessary. The concept of a Waste Bank, based on the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), emerges as a strategic, community-based solution. This community service program aims to encourage active community participation in the Waste Bank program in Tanjung Uban Selatan, Bintan Regency, while supporting the realization of a Smart City based on intelligent and participatory environments. The methodology used is a qualitative approach to gain in-depth understanding. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews, participatory observations, and documentation studies. Key informants were purposively selected from various stakeholders, including Waste Bank administrators, local government representatives, and community members. The results show that, although initially challenging to increase community participation, the program has had a significant positive impact. It successfully shifted the community's view of waste as a valuable economic resource. Quantitatively, this is reflected in stable income from the sale of high-quality inorganic waste, such as metals and electronic waste. The program also led to strategic innovations, including sustainable education, waste savings incentives, social media use, and the "Dasi Umat" empowerment program. The success of this program, strengthened by awards at the district and national levels, makes it a model for sustainable waste management focused on community empowerment and supporting smart city development.

The problem of waste in rural areas is still a serious issue that has an impact on environmental health and the quality of life of the community. Batu Licin Village, Gunung Lengkuas Village, East Bintan District, Bintan Regency is one of the areas that faces similar problems, where household waste is still scattered and has not been handled optimally. This community service activity offers innovative solutions through the manufacture of rocket stoves as a means of efficiently burning certain organic and inorganic waste, as well as the construction of garbage booths as a place to store and sort waste before further processing. The implementation method involves counseling to residents, making prototypes, and direct practice of using rocket stoves and garbage booths by local communities. In addition, this activity also emphasizes the importance of changing community behavior in managing waste with the 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) principle. The results of the activity show an increase in public awareness in managing waste independently, reducing the accumulation of waste in the village environment, and the emergence of alternative waste processing that is environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and easy to apply. This innovation not only helps overcome the problem of household waste, but also provides educational value and empowers the community in maintaining the cleanliness and sustainability of the village environment. With the implementation of rocket stoves and garbage booths, it is hoped that a cleaner, healthier, and more viable village environment will be created in the long term.