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The image of government bureaucracy is influenced by the performance of public service agencies. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out continuous reform, in anticipating and adapting to developments in society. In an effort to improve the image, performance and professionalism of government agencies towards good governance, it is important to have unity of direction and views among government employees. In this research the problem is how the government of Kuala Kurun District, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province improves the quality of public services and what only inhibiting factors in improving the quality of public services This research uses a qualitative approach, the data displayed is generally in the form of actual and accurate sentence descriptions and connects the problems studied with a qualitative approach. Researchers go out into the field to research the object of study and hold direct interactions with the community with the aim of obtaining in-depth information about this matter, conducting in-depth interviews and observations The results of this research show that the public service bureaucracy at the Kuala Kurun Subdistrict Office has not been maximized, public satisfaction with services in the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, guarantees, empathy and direct evidence is implemented with minimum standards, this is because there is still an imbalance in the distribution of tasks and implementation The work that is the responsibility of employees at the Kuala Kurun Village Office, especially the main tasks and functions that have been determined. The causal factor is limited facilities and infrastructure which influences the provision of maximum public services. From the results of this research, it is recommended to evaluate the performance of public services, so that bureaucratic reform can be implemented in the Kurun Village Office, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province.

The rapid advancement of digital technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), has reshaped various sectors, including the field of law. This study aims to examine the integration of AI in law firms’ operations, focusing on its potential benefits, legal challenges, and ethical implications in the Indonesian legal context. This research employs a qualitative approach through a normative juridical method, supported by literature review and case analysis related to the use of AI in legal practice. Relevant legislation, including Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, is analyzed to assess the existing regulatory framework. The study reveals that while AI enhances efficiency in tasks such as document analysis, case prediction, and legal drafting, it also raises concerns about algorithm reliability, data bias, and the absence of specific AI-related legal regulations in Indonesia. Law firms must ensure transparency, accountability, and ethical responsibility when adopting AI to align with the principles of justice. Human interaction remains crucial to maintain trust and professional integrity in client services. The research contributes to the ongoing discourse on developing legal and ethical frameworks for AI implementation in the legal sector. It suggests the need for comprehensive regulation and professional guidelines to optimize AI utilization while safeguarding justice and ethical standards. The study is intended for publication in a national academic journal.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a hybrid citizen–AI legal monitoring system in enhancing urban environmental governance. The hybrid system integrates citizen-driven reporting platforms with AI-powered legal monitoring tools to address the challenges of weak public oversight in urban environmental management. By implementing the system in three metropolitan areas, the study explores how real-time data collection through citizen reports, combined with AI-driven analysis, can improve the accuracy, speed, and responsiveness of identifying environmental violations. The results showed a 45% improvement in oversight effectiveness, demonstrating the potential of hybrid systems to enhance monitoring capabilities beyond traditional methods. The AI system, capable of analyzing large datasets and providing timely insights, enabled quicker identification and categorization of violations such as pollution and waste management issues. The integration of citizen involvement through digital platforms allowed for more inclusive data collection, enhancing the quality and volume of information available for decision-making. This synergy between human participation and AI-driven analysis improved the speed of response to urban environmental challenges, making the system more adaptive and efficient. However, challenges such as data reliability and variable citizen participation rates were identified, suggesting the need for strategies to encourage consistent engagement and ensure the accuracy of reported data. The study concludes that hybrid citizen–AI systems can significantly improve urban governance by enhancing transparency, accountability, and responsiveness, offering a promising solution for cities seeking to address environmental issues more effectively.

Probative value refers to the extent to which the evidence provided is able to prove the facts being disputed. Evidence may be relevant in the sense that it relates to the case at hand, but relevance alone does not guarantee that the evidence will be well received or considered to have a significant influence. This study uses a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The data collection method was collected using library research, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the process of proof in criminal law plays a central role in upholding substantive justice. Evidence not only functions as a mechanism to test the truth of claims or accusations brought in court, but also as a tool to protect the human rights of the accused by ensuring that everyone is considered innocent until proven otherwise. Failure to assess probative value can lead to serious injustice in the form of wrongful conviction or wrongful acquittal. To address this problem, it is necessary to increase technical literacy among legal practitioners, as well as the application of more careful procedures in testing the validity and reliability of evidence.

Quality of Public Service in Issuing Birth Certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City. Undergraduate Thesis. Bachelor's Degree Program in Public Administration, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. The Principal Supervisor: Dr. H. Rosman Ilato, M.Pd. The Co-supervisor. Dr. Irawaty Igirisa, M.Si. This study aims to evaluate and analyze public service quality in issuing birth certificates at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City. The study was conducted by assessing the service through the dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Furthermore, it was conducted using a qualitative research method, utilizing observation, interview, and documentation data collection techniques. The findings reveal that the overall quality of public service, specifically within the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City, assessed across five dimensions, are as follows: Tangibles are found to be lacking in facilities and infrastructure, such as seating, parking space, additional computers, and other informational media beneficial to the public. Reliability is noted as a concern, as staff are unable to provide accurate timelines for document processing. Responsiveness is adequate, with staff demonstrating a responsive attitude toward serving the public. Assurance remains suboptimal due to issues with service timeliness, and empathy is adequately demonstrated, with staff maintaining courteous interactions. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the quality of public service in the issuence of birth certificate at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Gorontalo City is not yet optimal. The researcher suggests that future improvements in facilities and infrastructure, along with enhanced staff performance, will lead to more efficient and reliable document issuance, reducing the need for repeated follow-ups by the public.

Mulya Happenny. This study aims to get an in-depth picture of the effect on improving the performance and motivation of Bappeda employees of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI) Regency. The place that became the object of research was the Bappeda of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency which was located on Merdeka Street, Handayani Mulya Village, Talang Ubi District. The background of the problem in this study is the decline in employee performance from 2019 to 2021. Since 2020 in PALI Regency there are many echelon 2 positions. The Head of Division at Bappeda also holds the position of Head of Service in another place. So the researchers tried to examine whether there is an effect on improving the performance and motivation of employees under these conditions. The method used is a quantitative analysis method using the SPSS v 25 application. Data collection uses a Likert questionnaire. The number of samples taken was 50 employees using the saturated sample method or using the total population. Data analysis used is validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, simple linear regression analysis, and multiple linear regression as well as t-test, F test, and coefficient of determination test (Adjusted R Square). The results of the study indicate that leadership has a varied effect on increasing employee motivation and performance. Leadership in the Infrastructure Sector on improving performance with the magnitude of the influence of 25.67%, 74.5% from the Head of the Ecososbud Sector, and 26.6% from the Head of the Program. The difference in the magnitude of the effect is also shown in the employee motivation variable, namely 27.6% from the Head of the Infrastructure Division, 25.6% from the Division Head, and 30% from the Program Head. The simultaneous influence shows that leadership will affect performance improvement by 90% and 33.4% effect on employee motivation. From the results of the study, it can be suggested to the leadership to improve the quality of good leadership and make improvements in terms of coordination and communication with subordinates.

Sani Noviani. This study aims to: 1) determine the effect of the application of fingerprint attendance on the improvement of teacher performance of SMAN 3 Kayuagung, 2) determine the influence of work motivation on the improvement of teacher performance of SMAN 3 Kayuagung, and 3) determine the effect of the application of fingerprint attendance and work motivation on the improvement of teacher performance of SMAN 3 Kayuagung. The research method uses quantitative. This research was conducted in October – December 2020. The research population is 42 teachers taken with a total sampling technique. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire. The results of the validity test of the variable of the application of fingerprint attendance ranged from 0.371-0.901, the variable of work motivation between 0.324-0.852, and the variable of teacher performance between 0.352-0.867. The reliability of the fingerprint attendance application questionnaire was 0.966, the work motivation questionnaire was 0.958, and the teacher performance questionnaire was 0.963. The analysis technique uses analysis prerequisite tests, regression analysis, t-tests, F tests, and determination coefficient tests. The results of the study were that: (1) there was a positive and significant influence between the variables of fingerprint attendance application and the improvement of teacher performance. This can be seen from the calculated T value (2.346) is greater than the T table (2.023) and the p-value is 0.000. (2) there was a positive but not significant effect between work motivation and teacher performance improvement. This can be seen from the T value of the calculation (1.943) is smaller than the T table (2.023) and the p-value is 0.000. (3) There is a positive and significant influence of the application of fingerprint attendance and work motivation on improving teacher performance. This can be seen from the value of F calculated (23.297) is greater than F table (3.238) and the regression equation obtained Y = 32.906+0.346X1+0.311X2+e, that variables X1 and X2 contribute by 54.4% to the variable Y. From the results of the determination coefficient of 54.4%. Another factor of 45.6% that affects the improvement of teacher performance was not discussed by the researchers.

Digital transformation in the public transportation sector is part of the national development priority agenda aimed at improving service quality and operational efficiency. This study aims to analyze the implementation of cashless payment-based digital transformation in public transportation policy on the Suroboyo Bus in Surabaya, analyze service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions, identify supporting and inhibiting factors for implementation, and evaluate the success and shortcomings of the policy. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The results show that the implementation of cashless payment on the Suroboyo Bus has been running well since 2018, with four main payment methods: QRIS, e-money cards, plastic waste contributions, and the Child Identity Card (KIA). QRIS has become the dominant payment method with a 48% share in 2025. Service quality based on SERVQUAL dimensions shows good results in the aspects of tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness, but still requires improvement in the dimensions of assurance and empathy. Supporting factors for implementation include government commitment, the availability of regulations (Perwali No. 22 of 2023)., adequate infrastructure, and support from digital payment service providers. Inhibiting factors include limited digital literacy, internet network disruptions, limited economic access, and lack of socialization. The success of the policy is reflected in increased operational efficiency, financial transparency, and a rise in the number of users from 1.2 million (2019). to 3.5 million (2025). Shortcomings of the policy include the digital gap for vulnerable groups, dependence on internet networks, and a decrease in participation in the plastic waste payment program from 25% (2023). to 12% (2025).

State resilience has become a topic that is widely discussed and the state continues to try to maintain it through many strategic steps, regulations that strengthen its position and the procurement of new and used military equipment that further strengthens the state's defense position. Purchasing used defense equipment has become an increasingly attractive strategy for the Ministry of Defense to strengthen its military strength by taking advantage of its limited budget. This research aims to analyze the process of purchasing used defense equipment by the Ministry of Defense, as well as the factors that influence purchasing decisions. A case study approach is used by exploring data from various sources. The research results show that factors such as the condition of used defense equipment, reliability, military operational needs, as well as financial and information security aspects play an important role in the procurement process. Apart from that, transparency, accountability and compliance with regulations are also a focus in this process. The implication of this research is the importance of targeted policies to increase effectiveness and efficiency.

This research uses empirical legal methods to examine the integrity and credibility of the 2024 election organizers in Indonesia. Data was collected from various sources, including MK decisions, DKPP, election observer reports, academic publications, and related news. Data analysis was carried out to identify patterns, trends and implications for the integrity and credibility of election organizers, as well as evaluate the implementation of the General Principles of Good Government (AUPB) in organizing elections. The main objective of this research is to update the electoral system in Indonesia and ensure that elections are of quality, integrity and reliability. The research approach focuses on collecting empirical data from concrete cases during the 2024 Election and in-depth analysis of this data to identify emerging patterns and trends. Data analysis aims to evaluate the influence of political intervention, conflicts of interest, and compliance with legal rules and decisions on the integrity and credibility of election organizers. The results of the research will be compiled in a report that includes in-depth analysis of concrete cases, policy recommendations to improve the integrity and credibility of election organizers, as well as suggestions for improving the implementation of AUPB in the 2024 Election. This research is expected to provide a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities to ensure the integrity and credibility of election organizers in Indonesia, as well as providing concrete steps to improve the implementation of AUPB principles in the election context.

This study examines the quality of outpatient public services for BPJS Health patients at the Regional General Hospital of Dumai City. The purpose of this research is to assess how service quality is experienced by patients and how effectively outpatient services are delivered. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants included outpatient service staff and BPJS patients selected purposively to represent both service providers and service users. The analysis focuses on five dimensions of service quality: physical facilities, service reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The results indicate that outpatient services are generally perceived as adequate, particularly in terms of physical facilities, diagnostic accuracy, and staff professionalism. However, delays in registration and service processes remain a major concern, mainly due to high patient volume and administrative procedures. In addition, differences in staff communication and interpersonal attitudes lead to variations in patient experiences. Overall, the study highlights the importance of improving service responsiveness and strengthening empathetic communication to enhance patient satisfaction and the effectiveness of public hospital outpatient services.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the services of the population and civil registration offices towards ownership of identity cards, family cards and birth certificates for citizens of North Central Timor District. This research method is empirical juridical legal research, which is field research that examines the applicable legal provisions and the reality that occurs in the community. The aspects to be researched in this research are conducted through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the service of DISDUKCAPIL TTU Regency was good enough, so that there was an increase in residents who wanted to take care of population documents, by looking at indicators of the five dimensions of public services, namely Tangible (Physical Evidence), Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy. Factors that hinder, namely: public awareness, distance, power outages resulting in disrupted networks, damage to tools/machines. Efforts of DISDUKCAPIL TTU Regency; conducting socialization related to the importance of ownership of population documents, conducting online ball pick-up activities, providing special services to people with disabilities, coordinating with parties related to public services to be able to get services from DISDUKCAPIL.