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This study was motivated by the importance of using digital technology-based learning media in Catholic Religious Education learning to improve students’ learning achievement. The development of digital technology requires teachers to use interesting and interactive learning media that are suitable for students’ needs. This study aimed to determine the use of digital technology-based learning media in Catholic religious education learning and its impact on students’ learning achievement at SMPK Swadaya Tuakepa. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research subjects consisted of the principal, the Catholic religious education teacher, and five students. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that digital technology-based learning media such as PowerPoint, learning videos, Canva, Kahoot, and Quizizz had been utilized well in the learning process. The use of digital media helped teachers explain learning materials more clearly and attractively so that students became more active, focused, and motivated in learning. In addition, the use of digital media also improved students’ intellectual abilities, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and skills. Therefore, digital technology-based learning media can improve the quality of Catholic religious education learning and students’ learning achievement at SMPK Swadaya Tuakepa.

Haul Guru Sekumpul is one of the biggest religious traditions in Indonesia that brings together millions of participants from various regions to commemorate KH. Muhammad Zaini Abdul Ghani, better known as Guru Sekumpul. This activity not only serves as a religious commemoration, but also reflects the value of togetherness, solidarity, and deep spirituality. This research aims to reinforce the argument that in fact the feedback process between group involvement and emotional reactions strengthens solidarity, both in mechanical and organic contexts, thus creating deeper social bonds. Thus, mechanical and organic solidarity are not separate but interrelated. Through a qualitative approach, this research analyzes how mechanical and organic solidarity interact with each other in the context of this activity. The results show that mechanical solidarity, characterized by shared values and beliefs, serves as the foundation for a more complex organic solidarity, where individuals with different roles depend on each other. The findings also serve as a critique of Émile Durkheim's theory of solidarity. In addition, the use of social media and traditional media plays an important role in disseminating information and organizing activities, creating a sense of community among congregants. This is also a new additional factor that is in line with the changing times but was previously undeveloped during Émile Durkheim's time. Thus, Haul Guru Sekumpul is not only a religious event, but also a symbol of collective power that binds people in a common goal, creating a harmonious and respectful community.

This study aims to analyze the religious and spiritual symbols represented in the film Titip Surat untuk Tuhan through Roland Barthes’ semiotic approach, focusing on the three levels of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using semiotic analysis based on document studies of selected scenes, dialogues, and visual elements portraying religious values, prayer, sacrifice, patience, hope, gratitude, and trust in God. The findings reveal that symbols such as the mosque, mukena, sarong, prayer mat, the Qur’an, prayer activities, the post office as a medium for sending letters to God, and the calligraphy of “Allah” and “Prophet Muhammad” on the walls function not only as literal signs but also convey profound religious and spiritual connotations. These symbols further develop into myths that reinforce religious norms and cultural beliefs accepted as natural within society. The film successfully constructs a subtle yet powerful representation of faith by portraying a Muslim family that upholds devotion, moral values, patience, compassion, and an enduring relationship with God. Overall, the film demonstrates how religious symbols effectively communicate spiritual messages while strengthening viewers’ understanding of Islamic values through visual and narrative storytelling.

The KRI Nagapasa Class is a submarine of the Indonesian Navy that has the capability to deploy sea mines, launch anti-surface missiles, and release countermeasure torpedoes. However, to face the increasingly complex dynamics of the regional strategic environment, it is necessary to increase combat power through the installation of a Sub Launch Missile weapon system. Until now, the Indonesian Navy does not have a submarine equipped with this underwater missile, especially in the Chang Bogo class. This study aims to analyze and determine the most appropriate choice of Sub Launch Missile missiles to support submarine training and operations. The method used is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a quantitative approach. The results of the ranking of five respondents showed that the SM-39 Exocet missile was in first place with a value of 0.46424 followed by the CM-708UNB with a value of 0.41461 and the UGM-84 Harpoon with a value of 0.12115. The SM-39 Exocet missile was chosen as a priority because it has technical specifications that best meet the operational needs of the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), as well as significantly contributing to enhancing the deterrence effect and combat capability of the Nagapasa-class submarines.

Human rights are fundamental rights inherent to every individual from birth and are guaranteed under statutory laws and regulations. These rights are universal in nature, inherent to every person, and must be respected, protected, and fulfilled by the state as well as all elements of society. However, in practice, various conditions continue to trigger human rights violations committed by both individuals and state officials. This phenomenon indicates that the protection of human rights still faces numerous challenges in its implementation. This study aims to examine the relationship between law enforcement officers and civilians, determine the extent to which the actions of law enforcement officers can be categorized as human rights violations, and analyze the mechanisms of oversight and accountability in handling cases of human rights violations. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to obtain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. The data were analyzed descriptively to illustrate the relationship between law enforcement officers and civilians within the context of human rights protection. The findings reveal that power asymmetry is one of the main factors contributing to the abuse of authority by law enforcement officers. This condition subsequently increases the potential for human rights violations and underscores the importance of effective oversight and accountability in ensuring that law enforcement officers perform their duties and exercise their authority in accordance with applicable legal provisions.

This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and assessment of differentiated instruction in teaching descriptive text writing to ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Bendo, Magetan Regency. The study was conducted in response to students difficulties in generating ideas, selecting appropriate vocabulary, organizing ideas coherently, and producing vivid descriptive texts. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through lesson plan observation, classroom observation, teacher interviews, and documentation of student learning products. The findings indicate that differentiated instruction was planned through a Merdeka Curriculum-based teaching module, diagnostic assessment, contextual material selection, and the use of PowerPoint, observation sheets, and tiered student worksheets. The implementation emphasized process and learning-environment differentiation through triggering questions, direct observation of real objects around the school, group work, individual scaffolding, immediate feedback, and reflection. Assessment was carried out continuously through diagnostic, formative, and summative assessment. Differentiated instruction helped students generate concrete ideas, organize their writing more systematically, increase motivation, and strengthen descriptive text writing skills. These findings affirm that differentiated instruction can serve as an adaptive strategy in Indonesian language learning at junior high school level.

This research investigates the integration of Sound Governance principles within the sustainable tourism policy cycle as a mechanism to mitigate institutional fragmentation and evaluation inefficiencies in developing economies. Adopting a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the study establishes a multidimensional evaluation framework congruent with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Policy performance is rigorously analyzed across five strategic domains: Economy, Social-Welfare, Culture-Education, Environment, and Governance. The quantitative methodology employs 17 adapted SDG indicators to assess policy efficacy, while the subsequent qualitative phase utilizes semi-structured interviews and stakeholder mapping to deconstruct complex power dynamics within multi-actor co-management structures. The empirical findings demonstrate that Sound Governance—predicated on transparency and accountability—acts as a fundamental catalyst for policy effectiveness. It significantly enhances destination sustainability through a structured input-process-output-outcome-impact pathway. Evidence from the case study of Penglipuran Village, Bali, validates these results, showing that while indigenous institutional legitimacy bolsters social responsiveness, it remains susceptible to economic dependencies driven by overtourism. Ultimately, this study asserts that embedding SDGs into the policy evaluation cycle elevates assessments from perfunctory administrative exercises to strategic instruments essential for ecosystem preservation and long-term demand stability. These insights establish Sound Governance as a strategic intangible asset, providing significant theoretical contributions to development administration and offering pragmatic frameworks for policy-makers managing sustainable destinations in competitive global markets.

Diesel engines are widely used in the transportation and industrial sectors due to their high thermal efficiency and good operational durability. However, increased fuel consumption due to inefficiency of the injection system remains a common problem. Injector characteristics, particularly nozzle diameter and injection pressure, are important factors that affect the quality of fuel atomization, air-fuel mixing, and combustion efficiency. An inappropriate combination of parameters can cause suboptimal combustion and increase fuel consumption. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in nozzle diameter and injection pressure on fuel consumption efficiency in diesel engines. The method used is an experiment with variations in nozzle diameter of 0.150 mm, 0.152 mm, and 0.154 mm and injection pressures of 400 bar, 420 bar, and 440 bar. Tests were conducted at engine speeds of 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, and 1500 rpm with a fuel consumption measurement time of one minute for each parameter combination. Fuel consumption was measured using the volumetric method and analyzed through the fuel volumetric flow rate, fuel mass flow rate, Brake Power (BP), and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). The results showed that the combination of a nozzle diameter of 0.150 mm and an injection pressure of 400 bar produced the lowest BSFC value, thus providing the best fuel consumption efficiency. Meanwhile, the combination of a nozzle diameter of 0.152 mm and an injection pressure of 420 bar showed the closest condition to optimal because it was able to provide a balance between atomization quality and the amount of fuel injected, resulting in efficient and stable combustion. Thus, the efficiency of a diesel engine is influenced by the balance of nozzle size and injection pressure, not solely by the lowest fuel consumption.

Sexuality education is crucial for equipping adolescents and fostering healthy, responsible behavior. Lack of knowledge and understanding regarding sexuality education can increase the risk of sexual behavior, which can impact physical and mental health, and reduce concentration during learning. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of students at SMK Bhakti Indonesia Medika in Pangkalanbun Regency regarding education on preventing sexual harassment in the school environment. The outreach activity was conducted in May 2026 with 43 students aged 15-16 years, using a pretest-posttest method, leaflets, and PowerPoint presentations. The results showed an increase in the average student knowledge score from 50 to 95 after the education. The majority of students were 16 years old, and some had boyfriends. These findings indicate that the education provided in schools is very effective and useful as a warning to take the first step in preventing sexual harassment in the school environment for adolescents. This education can be recommended for regular replication to strengthen a safe and responsive school culture to child protection issues.

Health education is an effort or attempt to provide information to improve individual abilities in making decisions related to health and health-related skills, especially for adolescents. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of SMKS BIM students about acupressure for adolescents. The counseling activity was carried out on May 26, 2026 with 43 students aged between 15-18 years old, using the pretest-posttest method with leaflet media, powerpoint presentations and practicing with students. The results showed an increase in student knowledge from 70 to 95 after being given education. The majority of students aged 16 years (middle adolescents) were identified as having a risk of physical health problems. The education and mentoring provided to students/me were able to increase their knowledge about the benefits and techniques of acupressure to deal with the health problems they experienced. The counseling method with lectures and leaflet media was proven to be easy for students/me to understand and could improve their skills in acupressure practice.

The government policy known as the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) aims to improve public nutrition and reduce stunting rates in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the MBG Program from a political perspective, particularly considering political dynamics, legal risks, and fiscal issues. This research was conducted through literature review, reviewing various journals and academic sources. The results indicate that the MBG not only has social impacts but also influences political interests, poses risks to legal enforcement, and disrupts the sustainability of the state budget. Therefore, for the program to be successful and sustainable, strong regulations and oversight are required. Furthermore, this populist program is often utilized as an instrument for power legitimacy, demanding compromises between the executive and legislative branches during its budget approval process. Without a detailed legal framework, the policy's implementation is highly vulnerable to overlapping institutional authority and potential misappropriation of funds. Ultimately, technology-based monitoring strategies and accountable governance are the main keys to maintaining the stability of the State Budget (APBN).

This study analyzes the abuse of prosecutorial authority from a normative juridical perspective within constitutional law and its implications for the rule of law and good governance in Indonesia. It focuses on the concept of abuse of power (détournement de pouvoir) in assessing prosecutorial actions and examines power relations in law enforcement that may affect objectivity and fairness in criminal justice. The research uses a normative juridical method with statute and case approaches. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 16 of 2004 on the Prosecutor’s Office as amended by Law No. 11 of 2021, and Law No. 30 of 2014 on Government Administration, supported by doctrines and jurisprudence. Secondary materials include books and journals on constitutional and administrative law. The findings show that prosecutorial authority as dominus litis is limited by legality, good governance principles, and due process of law. Abuse of authority may occur not only through procedural violations but also through deviations from its intended purpose, leading to formally lawful but substantively unjust actions. Power relations may also create institutional imbalance in law enforcement. Therefore, stronger supervisory mechanisms are needed to ensure prosecutorial authority aligns with the rule of law and good governance.

Bankruptcy can no longer be understood solely as a mechanism for liquidating assets to meet debtor obligations, but has evolved into a restructuring instrument that directly impacts corporate governance and stakeholder protection. This study aims to analyze how bankruptcy functions as a corporate restructuring mechanism, how this process influences the redistribution of power in corporate governance, and the extent to which the bankruptcy legal system provides balanced protection for various stakeholders. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and limited comparative approach. The analysis is conducted on the provisions of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and PKPU (Investment Suspension) and regulations related to corporate governance, combined with theoretical studies on fiduciary duty, stakeholder theory, and the corporate rescue paradigm. The results illustrate that bankruptcy functions as a governance restructuring mechanism that transfers control from the board of directors to the curator and creditor forum, thereby creating a redistribution of power within the company. The dominant creditor primacy orientation has the potential to create an imbalance in protection for non-creditor stakeholders, including workers and other economically impacted parties. These conditions indicate the need for normative reconstruction, including redefining fiduciary obligations during the insolvency phase, strengthening stakeholder protection, and harmonizing corporate governance principles with the insolvency law regime. This research is expected to contribute academically to the development of a bankruptcy model that is not solely focused on debt resolution but also considers aspects of business sustainability and substantive justice in modern corporate governance.

Dredger operations in water-based mining areas have a high occupational risk because they involve a combination of wet environments, mechanical equipment, and electrical systems. The presence of electrical panels, power cables, terminal connections, electric motors, inverters/drives, and protection components on the Dredger requires a sound understanding of Occupational Health and Safety, particularly electrical safety. Water splashes, wet walking surfaces, high humidity, and improper procedures during inspection or cleaning may increase the risk of short circuits, protection trips, and electric shock. Therefore, structured basic safety training is required so that operators are able to identify electrical hazards and implement safe working procedures. This activity aimed to improve operators’ understanding of hazardous electrical components, initial safety briefing procedures, measurement practice and safe handling during trips or short-circuit indications, and the correct and safe use of water pumps for unit cleaning. The activity was carried out through field observation, technical briefing, direct demonstration on the electrical panel and work area, simple measurement practice, and safe cleaning practice. The results indicate that field documentation can serve as an effective learning medium to strengthen operators’ understanding of electrical hazard sources on the Dredger, the application of simple lock out-tag out procedures, the control of wet areas, and the limitation of water spray direction during cleaning activities. Overall, the activity shows that improved compliance with safety procedures may reduce the risk of short circuits and electric shock during operation and maintenance.

The use of firearms by the Indonesian National Police (Polri) to incapacitate criminals constitutes an exercise of state authority in maintaining public security and order. However, their use often raises legal concerns regarding the limits of police authority, the protection of human rights, and the legal accountability of officers. This study aims to analyze the position of Polri in the use of firearms and to examine the forms of legal responsibility arising from the abuse of such authority.This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were analyzed qualitatively. The study focuses on relevant regulations, including Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police, regulations governing the use of force in police actions, and human rights principles in law enforcement. The findings show that the authority to use firearms is an attributive power granted by law to support Polri’s functions of protection, public service, and law enforcement. Firearms may only be used in specific situations as a measure of last resort (ultimum remedium), while adhering to the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, and accountability. Responsibility for misuse may involve administrative, criminal, and civil liability. Strengthening oversight, improving professionalism, and refining regulations are essential to balance effective law enforcement with human rights protection.

Human happiness does not lie in physical pleasure, victory, wealth, honour, worldly power, a beautiful body, or the senses. People in religious communities seek something deeper, contemplating and acknowledging the highest value in union with God. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Contra Gentiles, arguments that human happiness lies in the contemplation of God, through which one attains peace and fulfilment in total self-surrender to God. However, in the lived experience of religious communities, a fear of matters related to sexuality is evident. Indeed, some misunderstand and misinterpret these matters, resulting in monks and nuns who become cold, dry, and rigid, acting in ways that violate sexual morality, thereby disrupting or even destroying—their ministry due to such improper conduct. Based on this, the author recognises the importance of education and the appreciation of sexual values for religious communities. Using a literature review method involving relevant books, journals, articles, and Church documents with a theological approach, it was found that the education of religious people requires aspects of happiness and sexuality education. The results of the study indicate that Thomas Aquinas’s concept of happiness can bridge religious life with sexuality education, which is one aspect that must be understood and lived out. Therefore, the happiness of love and the sexuality education of religious people need to be explored and lived out in the course of living and experiencing life as a religious person.

The article entitled “Gender Construction and Representation of Social Actors in the Drama Lutung Kasarung: A Critical Discourse Analysis by Theo van Leeuwen” aims to describe the representation of gender-based social actors through inclusion and exclusion strategies and to reveal the construction of gender ideology built in the drama text. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. The research data source is the drama text Lutung Kasarung, while the analysis unit includes dialogue, narrative, and the depiction of characters who represent gender-based social actors. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation by reading, identifying, and grouping data according to Theo van Leeuwen's analysis categories. The results of the study show that the inclusion strategy is more dominantly used to present male characters as strong, rational figures, and have authority in determining the course of the story. In contrast, female characters are represented in two patterns, namely the ideal passive woman and the dominant woman who is constructed negatively. In addition, the exclusion strategy is used to obscure the role of women in decision-making, thereby reinforcing gender marginalization. This study concludes that the drama Lutung Kasarung represents patriarchal ideology through discourse practices that shape power relations between men and women.

This study explores the acceptance of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) at SD Inpres Gere through William of Ockham's negative rights framework, focusing on freedom from external interference. As a positive rights policy (the right to services), the MBG has the potential to conflict with the principles of individual subjective rights (negative rights). Ockham emphasized that every individual has a personal sovereignty that must be free from interference from external authorities. Using qualitative research methods through literature studies and interviews, this article analyzes the risk of standardizing consumption that can reduce individual autonomy in determining their private needs. The analysis shows that although the MBG has a noble aim to fulfill the right to life, its implementation risks becoming a form of state paternalism that harms citizens' negative freedoms if not accompanied by strict limits on power. This paper concludes that to align with Ockham's principle of individual subjective rights, the MBG program must continue to respect the private space and diversity of individual choices without creating dependency that erodes the sovereignty of legal subjects.

State officials implicated in corruption cases in Indonesia generally do not resign because there is no legal regulation that explicitly requires it. This study aims to analyze the ethics of government as the basis for the obligation to resign for state officials implicated in corruption cases and examine the form of legal regulation. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results of the study indicate two things. First, the ethics of government is positioned as a legal principle derived from Pancasila and is worthy of being used as a basis for the obligation to resign because it contains the values ​​of honesty, integrity, accountability, and responsibility as moral prerequisites for public office. However, it does not yet have coercive power because it has not been transformed into a positive legal norm with sanctions. Second, existing legal regulations do not explicitly require resignation, so normativeization is needed in the law that covers all state officials with triggers starting from indications of corruption, strict sanctions, and guarantees of restoration of good name for those proven innocent.

The growth of e-commerce has made online marketplaces a major channel for purchasing fashion products, yet it has also increased consumer concerns about counterfeit goods, especially in shoes and sneakers. This study examines the role of Shopee Mall Signal Perception in increasing Purchase Intention for original shoes among Gen Z consumers by considering the mediating roles of Perceived Shopping Security and Decision Convenience. A quantitative explanatory approach was used, involving 239 Gen Z Shopee users in Indonesia selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS. The findings show that Shopee Mall Signal Perception positively affects Perceived Shopping Security (β = 0.430), Perceived Shopping Security improves Decision Convenience (β = 0.399), and Decision Convenience increases Purchase Intention (β = 0.359). Shopee Mall Signal Perception also has a direct effect on Purchase Intention (β = 0.182), while the serial mediation effect through Perceived Shopping Security and Decision Convenience is significant (β = 0.062). These findings imply that marketplace labels can function as authenticity signals that reduce uncertainty, simplify consumer decisions, and strengthen confidence in purchasing original products online.